PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

H A Nadiger

Publications and source records attributed to H A Nadiger.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1987

Serum malanodialdehyde (TBA reactive substance) levels in cigarette smokers.

Serum malanodialdehyde (MDA) levels in 40 smokers and 23 non-smokers belonging to different age groups were estimated. The MDA levels were high in smokers of all age groups having a history of smoking for less than 10 years. MDA levels, however, were not elevated in smokers with a history of smoking for more than 10 years. These results are discussed and are interpreted as suggestive that MDA might alter the LDL and lead to deposition of cholesterol in arterial wall macrophages explaining thereby the risk of ischaemic heart disease in cigarette smokers.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Acute and long-term effects of chlorpromazine on glutamine synthetase and glutaminase in rat brain.

The effect of administration of chlorpromazine on the activity of glutamine synthetase and glutaminase and the content of glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in different regions of rat brain was studied in an investigation of the possible role of these amino acids in the lowering of the seizure threshold following prolonged administration of chlorpromazine. Chlorpromazine was administered at a dose of 20 mg/kg of body weight s.c. For the acute study, the animals were killed 20 min after a single injection. For the long-term study, the animals were treated every day with the same dose for 21 days and were killed 20 min after the last injection. The results showed an increase in glutamate level in each brain region investigated following long-term administration, but only in the cerebral cortex after a single dose. GABA levels showed an increase in the brainstem only in acute experiments. Glutamine synthetase activity was increased in all three regions after a single dose and only in cerebral cortex after long-term administration. Glutaminase activity showed a decrease in cerebral cortex only after long-term administration of the drug. These results suggest the possible occurrence of a state of increased excitability in the brain as a result of long-term administration of chlorpromazine, thus contributing to the known complication of seizures.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Acute and short-term effects of lithium on glutamate metabolism in rat brain.

Amino acids of the glutamate family, viz. glutamic acid, aspartic acid, glutamine, gamma-amino-butyric acid (GABA) and alanine, along with the activities of glutamic acid dehydrogenase (GDH), aspartic acid aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), glutamine synthetase (GS), glutaminase, glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) and GABA-aminotransferase (GABA-T) were estimated in cerebral cortex, cerebellum and brain stem of rats treated with a single dose of lithium or with seven daily doses of lithium (3 m-equiv./kg body wt). The levels of GABA were found to increase in cerebral cortex and brain stem following the administration of a single dose and also were found to be increased in cerebral cortex and cerebellum after treatment for 7 days. The content of glutamic acid was increased in all three brain regions after treatment for 7 days. Glutamine was increased in both cerebral cortex and brain stem after treatment for 7 days, whereas aspartic acid was increased in brain stem after both the administration of single dose and treatment for 7 days. A significant increase (P less than 0.05) in the activity of GS was observed in brain stem after 7 days of treatment. Similarly, a significant increase (P less than 0.01) in the activity of AST was observed in all three regions of the brain following the treatment for 7 days. The above results are discussed in relation to the known effects of lithium on brain cation metabolism and a suggestion is made that an imbalance in the functional activities of glutamic acid and GABA as a result of quantitative changes in these amino acids, brought about by lithium, may play a role in the therapeutic efficacy of lithium in bipolar disorders.

4-Aminobutyrate Transaminase↗
PubMed1985

Acute and short term effects of ethanol on the metabolism of glutamic acid and GABA in rat brain.

Although alcoholic intoxication is attributed to its pharmacological effects on the cell membranes in brain, the rapid metabolic utilisation of the same alters the metabolism of brain affecting the metabolism of glutamate and GABA which have varied metabolic roles besides serving a major proportion of synaptic activity. A study on the effects of ethanol, both acute and short-term, on glutamate (glu) and GABA metabolism in various regions of rat brain was carried out. Increased activities of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) and aspartic acid aminotransferase (AST) in all brain regions, but decreased activity of glutamic acid dehydrogenase (GDH) in cerebral cortex (CC) and cerebellum (CB) following ethanol administration in brain was observed. Differential effects of ethanol were also obtained on the contents of glu and aspartate (asp), which were increased in CC, CB, and brain stem (BS) regions, as opposed to GABA content, which, although found to increase in acute toxicity, showed a decrease in all of the above brain regions in short-term toxicity. It is concluded that the above changes in glu, asp and GABA represent the consequences of metabolic utilization of alcohol in the brain, probably more a state of cerebral excitation than depression, and the changes may be a compensatory phenomenon.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1984

Effect of simultaneous administration of vitamin E and pyridoxine on erythrocyte membrane Na+K+ ATPase activity.

Vitamin E is known to have an interaction with pyridoxine. To understand the functional significance of this interaction a study was carried out on the effect of simultaneous administration of vitamin E and pyridoxine on erythrocyte membrane Na+K+ ATPase activity. Adult male volunteers belonging to low socio-economic class with prior consent were used as subjects for the study. The results of the study have shown that administration of vitamin E alone brings about a transient increase in the total and ouabain insensitive Na+K+ ATPase. Administration of B6 along with vitamin E brought about an increase in the total and true Na+K+ ATPase activity. B6 administration alone showed a statistically insignificant increase in true ATPase activity. The results of the study are interpreted to show that administration of vitamin E along with B6 is beneficial to membrane function.

Drug Interactions↗
PubMed1981

Studies on interactions of vitamin E with thiamine, niacin and vitamin B12.

The effects of simultaneous administration of thiamine, niacin or vitamin B12 with vitamin E on plasma vitamin E levels were studied in 20 adult male volunteers belonging to the low socio-economic class. The effect of vitamin E on the nutritional status of pyridoxine, riboflavin and thiamine as judged by the erythrocyte enzymes, aspartate aminotransferase, glutathione reductase and transketolase, respectively was also studied. None of the members of the B-complex vitamins studied here had any effect on plasma vitamin E levels. This was in contrast to the observation made earlier that pyridoxine and riboflavin can reduce plasma vitamin E. There was a transient reduction in both the basal and stimulated activities of erythrocyte aspartate aminotransferase, the significance of which needs further investigation.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Role of vitamin E in the aetiology of phrynoderma (follicular hyperkeratosis) and its interrelationship with B-complex vitamins.

1. A study was undertaken to investigate the role of vitamin E in the aetiology of phrynoderma (follicular hyperkeratosis). Fifty-six children with the disease and twenty-one normal children were investigated for this purpose. 2. Plasma vitamin E levels (mean +/- SE; mg/l) were found to be low in phrynoderma (3.7 +/- 0.19) in contrast with normal children (6.6 +/- 0.40) and therapy with a combination of vitamin E and B-complex brought about complete cure. 3. The increase in plasma vitamin E levels after the administration of vitamin E at a dose of 100 mg three times daily for 4 weeks was higher than that obtained when vitamin E at the same dose was administered together with vitamin B-complex for 4 weeks, suggesting an interaction between the two vitamins. Further studies are necessary to find out the exact nature of this interrelationship.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

The use of common salt (sodium chloride) fortified with iron to control anaemia: results of a preliminary study.

1. Iron-deficiency anaemia continues to be a major public health problem in all developing countries. Fortification of commonly consumed food items has been suggested as an effective method of preventing anaemia. Common salt (sodium chloride) has been identified as a suitable vehicle to be fortified with Fe in India. 2. Common salt was fortified with ferric orthophosphate (3500 mg/kg) and sodium hydrogen sulphate (5000 mg/kg) to provide an additional 1 mg elemental Fe/g common salt consumed. 3. After ascertaining the acceptability of the fortified salt with respect to its colour, taste and bioavailability a pilot feeding trial was conducted among residential schoolchildren in Hyderabad. Feeding of the fortified salt for a period of 1 year resulted in a significant increase in the haemoglobin level of these children. There was also a significant reduction in the prevalence of anaemia among children given the fortified salt. 4. Before the same fortified salt is recommended as a public health measure to prevent Fe-deficiency anaemia among our population it is necessary that further large-scale community trials with this fortified salt are carried out particularly among the rural population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Studies on interrelationship between vitamins E and B-complex.

16 normal male adult volunteers belonging to the low socioeconomic class were investigated to study the interrelationship between vitamins E and B-complex. Vitamin E in the form of dl-alpha-tocopherylacetate at a dose of 100 mg thrice daily was administered either singly or in combination with B-complex, pyridoxine or riboflavin. Results of the study have shown that the increase in plasma tocopherol level in the group receiving vitamin E alone was significantly higher (p less than 0.01) compared to the groups receiving vitamin E along with B-complex or riboflavin.

Adult↗