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H A Youssef

Publications and source records attributed to H A Youssef.

45 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Association of intellectual impairment, negative symptoms, and aging with tardive dyskinesia: clinical and animal studies.

It is not known why some schizophrenic patients receiving long-term neuroleptic treatment develop abnormal involuntary orofacial movements, while others do not. Schizophrenic patients with orofacial dyskinesia were found to be more intellectually impaired, more likely to show negative symptoms, and older than those without such movements. These features are characteristic of the "defect state," wherein structural brain changes may be demonstrable. Prolonged long-term neuroleptic treatment of young rats was associated with late-onset orofacial movements; however, such movements occurred spontaneously in untreated senescent rats. Structural brain changes consequent to aging and disease processes may be associated with the emergence of orofacial dyskinesia, even in the absence of exposure to neuroleptics. These movements do not appear to have their basis in striatal dopamine receptor supersensitivity.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

[Isoflurane anesthesia in the Gottinger minipig. Hemodynamic and cardiac changes under controlled ventilation].

10 adult, female Göttingen minipigs were anaesthetized with isoflurane under controlled ventilation. A mixture of O2: N2O = 1:3 was used to vaporize isoflurane in an inspiratory concentration of 1.75-2.0 Vol%. Electrocardiogram, blood pressure, cardiac output and central venous pressure were continuously monitored. To determine the maximum rate of rise of intraventricular pressure (dp/dt max) as an indirect measure of myocardial contractility we placed a micro-tip manometer in the left ventricle before and during (30 min value) the experiment. Acid-base balance was controlled by collecting arterial blood samples anaerobically. We found a negative chronotropic and marked inotropic effect of isoflurane on the heart-muscle. This probably is the main cause for the depression of arterial pressure, though peripheral vasodilatation has some effect. All cardiovascular changes were fully reversible within a few minutes of completing anaesthesia. After only 15 min all animals were fully conscious and data values had returned to control levels. Because of its deficient metabolism and toxicity isoflurane seems to be well qualified for use in experimental medicine in minipigs, especially when the animals require long or multiple exposure. But we recommend the use of isoflurane in combination with a basic anaesthesia, for example NLA or Ketamine to reduce cardiovascular depression.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Time to abandon electroconvulsion as a treatment in modern psychiatry.

This review examines the evidence for the current use of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in psychiatry. The history of ECT is discussed because ECT emerged with no scientific evidence, and the absence of other suitable therapy for psychiatric illness was decisive in its adoption as a treatment. Evidence for the current recommendation of ECT in psychiatry is reconsidered. We suggest that ECT is an unscientific treatment and a symbol of authority of the old psychiatry. ECT is not necessary as a treatment modality in the modern practice of psychiatry.

Decision Making↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Multiple organ platelet sequestration, hemodynamics, and gas exchange in endotoxin shock and the effects of aspirin-terbutaline treatment.

We studied the effects of two different drugs on multiple organ platelet sequestration, hemodynamics, and respiratory function during endotoxin shock. Twenty-eight sheep (four groups) were anesthetized and ventilated. Group AT-E received aspirin and terbutaline 30 min before and group E-AT 30 min after Escherichia coli endotoxin. Group E also received endotoxin but no drug treatment (shock controls), and group C received neither endotoxin nor drug treatment. There was a marked platelet trapping in the lungs and in the liver immediately after administration of endotoxin in groups E and E-AT, but after 4 hr it was less pronounced in group E-AT than in the endotoxin controls (P < 0.05). In the pretreated animals (group AT-E) there was no increase in platelet sequestration until almost 2 hr after endotoxin both in the lungs and the liver, but at the end of the study (240 min) there was no difference between the pre- and posttreated groups. No significant changes occurred in the kidneys and spleen in any of the groups. In groups E and E-AT the endotoxin infusion resulted in 200% rise in pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) and a sharp decrease in mean arterial pressure (MAP; 25-30%), respiratory compliance (CT; 50%), arterial oxygen tension (PaO2; 70%) as well as in oxygen delivery index (DO2; 30-40%) within 30 min. After 4 hr the PAP had decreased significantly in group E-AT, but remained high in group E (> 100% higher than in group C). Also MAP, PaO2, DO2 and CT improved slightly in group E-AT, while they remained low in group E.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗