Identification of inflamed gingival surfaces.
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to H A Zander.
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A study was designed to enumerate cell populations before, during and after experimentally induced periodontitis in squirrel monkeys. The clinically healthy gingival connective tissue adjacent to the sulcus contained populations of macrophages, plasma cells, lymphoid cells, and granulocytes, indicating that immune responses were probably in operation. Although these cell populations have been associated with tissue destruction, it is possible that they may serve to confine the antigens to the tissue adjacent to the sulcus, and reduce their spread apically. Active periodontitis was associated with the presence of granulocytes and macrophages in the transseptal fiber region. These cells are capable of causing the localized collagen degradation and bone resorption that occur during the destructive phase of the disease. Eight weeks after etiologic agents were removed, the cell populations in the transseptal fiber area returned to a level comparable with those in the pre-experimental, clinically healthy. This indicates that active periodontitis within the transseptal fiber region had ceased and repair had occurred.
Utilizing a nonhuman primate model, a study was carried out to determine the nature of the attachment between the tooth and the gingival tissues following periodic root planing and soft tissue curettage. Under the conditions of this investigation, periodic root planing and soft tissue curettage combined with thrice weekly plaque control resulted in the formation of a long junctional epithelium with no new connective tissue attachment. In eight of the 22 experimental pockets, however, this procedure produced discontinuities or "windows" in the junctional epithelium. The coronal attachment of gingival tissues to the root surface (increased resistance to probing) commonly reported following root planing and soft tissue curettage appears to result from the formation of a long junctional epithelium rather than new connective tissue attachment.
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