Biomedical subjects

H Abe

Publications and source records attributed to H Abe.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1992

Stimulation of the hamster ventral lateral geniculate nucleus induces Fos-like immunoreactivity in suprachiasmatic nucleus cells.

The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) functions as a pacemaker for circadian rhythms in rodents. Its activity and, therefore, circadian rhythms, are synchronized by light information from both a direct retinal projection and an indirect projection from the thalamic intergeniculate leaflet (IGL) and ventral lateral geniculate nucleus (vLGN) (geniculohypothalamic tract; GHT). The GHT also appears to be important for synchronizing circadian rhythms to non-photic cues. Light can activate expression of several immediate-early genes in the SCN, including c-fos. We examined whether electrical stimulation of the IGL/vLGN region would induce Fos-like immunoreactivity (lir) in the hamster SCN. Electrical stimulation was given for one hour during the dark period of the lighting cycle. Stimulation at night of the IGL and adjacent LGN regions induced Fos-lir in cells in the SCN. Labeled cells were found in the dorsolateral part of the caudal SCN, and not in rostral or central regions of the SCN, nor in the ventral part of the caudal SCN. These results indicate that activation of cells contributing to the hamster GHT can induce Fos-lir in a restricted region of the caudal SCN.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Mouse mammary tumor virus gene expression is suppressed by oligomeric ellagitannins, novel inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase.

Oligomeric ellagitannins (nobotanins B, E, and K) were found to be potent inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase purified from mouse mammary tumor 34I cells. Kinetic analysis revealed that the inhibition of nobotanin B (dimer) was competitive with respect to the substrate poly(ADP-ribose), whereas nobotanin E (trimer) and nobotanin K (tetramer) exhibited mixed-type inhibition. These results suggest that the dimeric structure of ellagitannin may have a functional domain that competes with poly(ADP-ribose) on the poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase molecule. To determine the inhibitory effects of oligomeric ellagitannins on poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase in vivo, we examined their effects on de-poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of some chromosomal proteins in intact 34I cells that was induced by glucocorticoid treatment. Nobotanin B caused concentration-dependent inhibition of glucocorticoid-induced de-poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of HMG 14 and 17 and histone H1 in intact 34I cells. Interestingly, this inhibition was associated with suppression of the glucocorticoid-sensitive mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) mRNA synthesis. In contrast, nobotanin E and K had little inhibitory effect on either de-poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of these proteins or induction of MMTV transcription after glucocorticoid treatment. Nobotanin B but not E and K was taken into 34I cells. These results may suggest that the suppression of glucocorticoid-sensitive MMTV transcription results from in vivo inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase by nobotanin B. These results also indicate the importance of de-poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of HMG 14 and 17 and histone H1 in regulation of transcription of the glucocorticoid-sensitive MMTV gene.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Analysis of novel imidazoles from isolated perfused rabbit heart by two high-performance liquid chromatographic methods.

The paper reports two analytical high-performance liquid chromatographic methods to detect and quantify cardiac-derived histidyl derivatives. Method A relies on relative hydrophobicities as a basis of separation. Method B is an ion-pairing method in which the compounds are eluted in an entirely different order. Fractions collected from method A have been co-eluted in admixture in method B with authentic reference compounds. Thus the existence of the following imidazole ring-containing compounds derived from heart have been confirmed: N-acetylhistidine, N-acetyl-1-methylhistidine, N-acetylcarnosine, N-acetylhomocarnosine, homocarnosine, anserine, carnosine, balenine. Compounds were found in both tissue samples and perfusates.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Immunological characterization of oviductal glycoproteins associated with the zona pellucida of the golden hamster egg.

Three monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were produced against materials obtained from the golden hamster oviduct. The MAbs (C11E8, C8B11, and A3D5) selectively reacted with the zona pellucida (ZP) of oviductal eggs. An immunohistochemical study demonstrated that all MAbs bound strongly to the epithelial cells of the oviduct and, to a lesser extent, of the uterus, the cervix, and the vagina. Weak reactions were also observed with some other tissues. All immunohistochemical reactions were completely eliminated by treatment of tissues with periodic acid, suggesting that the antigenic determinants that react with the MAbs are carbohydrate in nature. Antigens that reacted with the MAbs were characterized by immunoblotting analyses of 1- or 2-dimensional polyacrylamide gels after electrophoresis to fractionate tissue extracts under reducing conditions. With the oviductal extract, C11E8 and A3D5 specifically bound to broad bands that corresponded to macromolecules of more than 200 and 160 kD, respectively, whereas C8B11 reacted with a broad range of macromolecules, with the strongest reactivity being detected at molecular weights (MWs) higher than 160 kD. The macromolecules that reacted with the MAbs had carbamilation trains, suggestive of extensive microheterogeneity with respect to charge and size. Similar substances of high MW were not detected in extracts of tissues from the other reproductive organs. In addition, one MAb-positive oviductal antigen bound to the ZP of ovarian eggs, but the others did not bind to the ZP of ovarian eggs. This result indicates that the binding activity is specific for the oviductal glycoproteins. We have thus established clones that produce 3 different MAbs with strong affinity for oviduct-specific glycoproteins, one of which is associated with the ZP of the golden hamster.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Localization of gene expression of calbindin in the brain of adult rats.

Localization of gene expression of calbindin, a cytosolic calcium-binding protein, was examined throughout the adult rat brain by in situ hybridization with cDNA probes. The gene was expressed most intensely in the Purkinje cells in the cerebellum, intensely in the granule cells of the dentate gyrus, and moderately in the inferior olivary nucleus, in the nuclei of the trapezoid body, in the medial part of the lateral habenular nuclei, entorhinal cortex and in the mammillary nuclei. In addition, weak expression of the gene was widespread in the forebrain and brainstem gray matter, and also in small cells in the spinal posterior horn as well as the ependymal cells. The widespread and heterogeneous expression of the gene in the brain suggests that calbindin is differentially involved in calcium-regulated phenomena in different neurons.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Examination by scanning electron microscopy of oviductal epithelium of the prolific Chinese Meishan pig at follicular and luteal phases.

The luminal surfaces of epithelial cells in the fimbriae, ampulla, isthmus, and utero-tubal junction of the oviducts of the prolific Chinese Meishan pig at follicular and luteal phases of the estrous cycle were examined by scanning electron microscopy. Marked cyclic changes were observed on the surfaces of cells in the fimbriae and ampulla, but little change was found in the isthmus and at the utero-tubal junction. The cells of the fimbrial epithelium in the follicular phase were densely ciliated, and the cilia partially concealed the bulbous processes of the secretory cells. In the luteal phase, the secretory cells predominated in the epithelium, and most of the ciliated cells were hidden by the processes of the secretory cells. The ampullar epithelium showed similar changes, but to a lesser extent. In the isthmus and at the utero-tubal junction, the secretory cells had many microvilli on their bulbous processes at the follicular phase, but they were flat and the microvilli were fewer in number and shorter in length during the luteal phase. Conspicuous solitary cilia protruded from the surfaces of secretory cells in the fimbriae and ampulla during the luteal phase. These results demonstrate that there are regional variations in the cyclic changes associated with the oviductal epithelial cells of the Chinese Meishan pig.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Reconsideration of Bell's phenomenon using a magnetic search coil method.

The exact direction, amplitude and time course of Bell's phenomenon is still controversial. We evaluated the eye movements associated with spontaneous blinks, voluntary blinks and prolonged eyelid closure using a magnetic search coil method. Spontaneous blinks were accompanied by transient downward and nasalward eye movements, and similar movement accompanying voluntary blinks were often followed by upward movements. The eye positions occurring immediately after blinks often differed from the initial positions and were followed by corrective saccades, which disappeared when the subjects did not fixate. Prolonged eyelid closure was accompanied by tonic eye elevation and voluntary blinks were accompanied by marked transient eye elevation when eyelid closure was mechanically impeded. Under normal conditions Bell's phenomenon does not occur during blinks.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Argyrophilic glial intracytoplasmic inclusions in multiple system atrophy: immunocytochemical and ultrastructural study.

Argyrophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions in oligodendrocytes (AGCIs) were seen in all of 15 cases of multiple system atrophy (MSA), and none in other neurodegenerative diseases, including 9 cases of Menzel-type olivopontocerebellar atrophy and 4 cases of Joseph's disease. The inclusions were widespread, not only in the olivopontocerebellar and striatonigral systems but also among fibers connecting their affecting lesions of MSA. Immunohistochemically, they were closely associated with tau, tubulins and microtubule-associated protein 5. Ultrastructurally, they consisted of 30- to 50-nm filaments (not tubules) and electron-dense granules, in varying proportions, and their formation is discussed. The specific occurrence of AGCIs could be a key to approach the pathogenesis of MSA.

Atrophy↗

PubMed1992

Transient appearance of Ca-binding protein (spot 35-calbindin) in bronchial epithelial cells, thyroid parafollicular cells and thymic epithelial cells during the development of rats.

Tracheobronchial epithelium, thyroid organ, thymus, of the developing rats were examined by immunohistochemistry using anti-spot 35 calbindin-antiserum. At E 14, weak to moderate immunoreactivity for spot 35-calbindin was detected in the airway epithelia of the distal half of the trachea and the extrapulmonary bronchus. The immunoreactive cells increased in intensity at E 16-E 21, but decreased markedly after birth. These cells were non-ciliated cells and comprised a majority of the epithelial cells especially in the ventral/cartilaginous portion of the airway. They were characterized by microvilli, vacuoles, granular and agranular endoplasmic reticulum. Typical ciliated cells, which were much less numerous than the immunopositive non-ciliated cells, were immunonegative. In thyroid gland, calbindin-immunoreactive cells first appeared at E 18. They increased in number at E 20-P 1 and decreased gradually after P 7. These cells were the parafollicular cells characterized by numerous secretory granules and situated in close proximity to the basal surface of the follicular cells. In the thymus, immunoreactive cells appeared in the thymic medulla at E 20. They increased in number at P 1, but decreased gradually after P 7. They were stellate in shape and had vesicles, vacuoles, intermediate filaments and represented a subpopulation of thymic reticular epithelial cells. Such a transient appearance of spot 35-calbindin in these cells suggests that this protein may be involved in the regulation of differentiation or may be involved in the process of secretion during the limited developmental period.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Scoliosis associated with syringomyelia presenting in children.

The clinical presentations and radiological features of scoliosis accompanying syringomyelia were analyzed in 14 cases of syringomyelia associated with a in 14 cases of syringomyelia associated with a Chiari malformation in children. Scoliosis was the initial symptom in 11 out of 16 patients (64%) with syringomyelia and present in 14 (88%) at the initial examination. The scoliosis associated with syringomyelia was characterized by a higher incidence of a single curve (6 cases, 43%) and convexity to the left (7 cases, 50%) than seen in idiopathic scoliosis. The syrinx was shifted to the convex side of scoliosis on the axial section at the middle or lower thoracic level in patients with a single curve, and at the cervical or upper thoracic level in patients with a double curve. The authors think that the scoliosis develops in children as a result of damage done to the anterior horn, which innervates the muscles of the trunk, by an asymmetrically expanded syrinx.

Arnold-Chiari Malformation↗

PubMed1992

Novel eosinophilic inclusion in astrocytes.

Intracytoplasmic and brightly eosinophilic inclusions within neuroglias are reported in a patient with Aicardi's syndrome. Most inclusion-bearing neuroglias were protoplasmic astrocytes in the cerebral cortex. Compared with similar eosinophilic and intracytoplasmic inclusions in other studies using both light and electron microscopy, the inclusions in this report are regarded as being novel and not previously described. Ultrastructurally, the inclusions were composed of electron-dense granules and amorphous substances, and were not surrounded by a limiting membrane. They were numerous in the cerebral cortex, especially in part of the microgyrus, but absent in the deep cerebral white matter, subcortical nuclei, brain stem and the cerebellum. Therefore, they may be closely associated with brain malformation and congenital astrocytic dysfunction. They also suggested a functional difference in protoplasmic astrocytes themselves, according to the differentiation of related gray matter.

Agenesis of Corpus Callosum↗

PubMed1992

The hemostatic effect of deacetylated chitin membrane on peritoneal injury in rabbit model.

In this study, we determined the effect of 80% deacetylated chitin (DAC-80) membrane on postsurgical bleeding after visceral and parietal peritoneal abrasion. Japanese white rabbits underwent a midline laparotomy followed either by a bilateral peritoneal sidewall abrasion (4 x 4 cm) or an abrasion of liver surface (3 x 2 cm). The injured surface was then covered with a 0.2 mm thick DAC-80 membrane. On postsurgical day 2, the rabbits were sacrificed and the amounts of postsurgical bleeding was determined by quantitating the number of red blood cells recovered in 50 ml peritoneal lavage fluid. The DAC-80 membrane was found to reduce postsurgical bleeding after the abrasion of liver surface (treated with DAC-80 membrane: 2.9 +/- 0.8; control: 24.6 +/- 5.9 x 10(8) cells/peritoneal cavity, P less than 0.005). This same hemostatic activity was not observed after application in the peritoneal sidewall abrasion model. We also measured plasminogen activator activity (PA) and urokinase inhibitory (PAI) activity in the spent culture media of macrophages recovered from the postsurgical peritoneal exudate. The DAC-80 membrane reduced the PA secretion from postsurgical macrophages after liver surface abrasion (treated with DAC-80: 2.8 +/- 0.7; control: 3.9 +/- 0.9 mPU/ml). The DAC-80 membrane also showed similar effects on PA secretion after peritoneal sidewall abrasion. No significant effects were found in the secretion of PAI by postsurgical macrophages in both surgical models. These findings suggest that the DAC-80 membrane may have hemostatic activity through the modulation of fibrinolytic activity of peritoneal exudative macrophages.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1992

Successful pulmonary thromboendarterectomy for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension associated with anticardiolipin antibodies: report of a case.

Chronic pulmonary thromboembolism with pulmonary hypertension is a rare but most unique syndrome in the broad spectrum of pulmonary embolism. This report describes a successful pulmonary thromboendarterectomy performed for a totally occluded right pulmonary artery on a 43 year old man who presented with positive cardiolipin antibodies. The surgery was performed through a median sternotomy with cardiopulmonary bypass and intermittent periods of deep hypothermic circulatory arrest. We are convinced that this method allows for complete removal of the thrombotic obstruction and should be the procedure of choice for patients with very proximal obstruction of a pulmonary artery.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Induction of antitumor activities in spleen cells from mice and rats activated with lipopolysaccharide immobilized on beads.

Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) were coupled to polystyrene beads in order to apply the LPS without toxicity. The antitumor activity of the LPS-immobilizing beads was studied in experiments in vitro and in vivo. In vitro studies showed that spleen cells from C3H/HeN mice stimulated by beads immobilizing LPS from Escherichia coli produced cytolytic activity as strong as that of lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells. Spleen cells from Sprague-Dawley rats stimulated by beads immobilizing LPS from Salmonella minnesota produced cytolytic activity stronger than that of LAK cells. However, spleen cells stimulated by beads immobilizing each component of the LPS separately could not induce cytolysis. Contact stimulation, even for a brief period, sufficed for cytolytic activity, and was enhanced by culture for 48-72 h. Through in vivo studies, the suppression of tumor growth and a prolongation of the survival time were observed in tumor-bearing mice injected with spleen cells activated by beads immobilizing LPS from E. coli, and in mice injected with LAK cells. The effect of the activated spleen cells was stronger than that of the LAK cells. In rats bearing metastatic tumors, spleen cells activated by beads immobilizing LPS from S. minnesota suppressed lung metastases more strongly than did LAK cells. These findings indicate that LPS immobilized by beads induced killer cells more strongly than interleukin-2. Ex vivo immunomodulation with LPS-immobilizing beads can be applied usefully as an anticancer treatment.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Incidence of anti-HTLV-1 antibody in liver disease.

Positivity for serum anti-HTLV-1 antibody (anti-HTLV-1) in 171 patients with various chronic liver diseases and 22 asymptomatic hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers was compared with that of 200 healthy controls in the Chikugo district of Japan. The rate of anti-HTLV-1 positivity in patients with liver disease was 8.1% (14/171) and was higher than that (3.5%: 7/200) in healthy controls, but the difference was not significant. However, in patients with liver disease with a history of blood transfusion, the positive rate was 18.4% (7/38) which was significantly higher than that for healthy subject (P less than 0.001). On the other hand, in 133 liver disease patients without blood transfusion, anti-HTLV-1 positivity was significantly higher (P less than 0.05) in patients with hepatitis B surface antigen (11.3%: 6/53) than in those without it (1.3%: 1/80). These data suggest that the high incidence of anti-HTLV-1 in our patients with liver disease was due to the transmission of HTLV-1 by the same routes (maternal transmission and blood transfusion) and probably at the same time as the hepatitis viruses (HBV and hepatitis C virus).

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Ocular convergence-related neuronal responses in the lateral suprasylvian area of alert cats.

Neuronal spike discharges were recorded from the lateral suprasylvian (LS) area while ocular convergence was elicited in five alert cats. Ocular convergence was elicited by presenting a visual target moving in depth. Cats were rewarded for convergence eye movement. In 9 out of 426 cells sampled in the caudal postero-medial LS area, the number of spikes was positively correlated with the peak eye velocities during ocular convergence. Significant correlation was found mostly within 400 ms preceding the moment at which the maximum velocity of ocular convergence was obtained. The result favors the hypothesis that the LS area plays an important role in the integrative control of ocular convergence.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Localization of gene expression of calreticulin in the brain of adult mouse.

The localization of gene expression of calreticulin, a calcium-binding protein in the endoplasmic reticulum, was examined throughout the entire brain of adult mice by in situ hybridization. Calreticulin mRNA is expressed widely and heterogeneously in discrete neurons throughout the brain, but the white matters expressed it weekly or faintly. In the olfactory bulb, the mRNA is expresses moderately in the mitral cells, but weakly in the periglomerular cells and internal granule cells. In the cerebrum, the gene is expressed intensely in the piriform cortex, but weakly in neocortex, the entorhinal cortex and the amygdaloid nuclei. In the hippocampal formation, calreticulin mRNA is expressed intensely in the CA1-CA3 regions but less intensely in the granule cells of the dentate gyrus. The caudate-putamen, thalamic and hypothalamic nuclei, and mammillary nuclei express the mRNA weakly or faintly. In the mesencephalon, pons and medulla, moderate expression of the mRNA is detected in the pontine nuclei and the locus ceruleus. Weak expression of the mRNA is detected in several discrete nuclei and zones such as the substantia nigra, the superior colliculus and the central gray. Expression signals of calreticulin mRNA are faint in the inferior olive. In the cerebellum, calreticulin mRNA is expressed moderately in the Purkinje cells whereas no significant expression is detected in the granule cells. The plexus choroideus of the lateral, third and fourth ventriculi express calreticulin mRNA intensely although no distinct expression of the mRNA is discerned in the ependyma.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Localization of mRNA for protein phosphatase 2C in the brain of adult rats.

Type 2C protein phosphatase (PP2C) is one of four major serine-threonine specific phosphoprotein phosphatases which modulate various intracellular activities. By in situ hybridization analysis of the adult rat, expression signals of mRNA for PP2C were observed most highly in the granule cells and Purkinje cells of the cerebellum, the pyramidal cells of the hippocampus and granule cells of the dentate gyrus, and plexus choroideus of the lateral ventricle, whereas moderate levels of its expression were observed in the medial habenula, piriform cortex and the pineal body. Several discrete nuclei of the brainstem including pars compacta of the substantia nigra, the pontine nuclei, and the locus ceruleus expressed the mRNA moderately. Weak expression of PP2C mRNA was observed in mitral and internal granule cells of the olfactory bulb, spinal cord gray matter, the cerebral neocortex, thalamic and hypothalamic nuclei. Only faint expression was detected in the caudate putamen. These patterns of expression are different from that of calcineurin/PP2B reported by other immunohistochemical studies and it is suggested that various neuronal proteins are differentially dephosphorylated by the different types of PP.

Animals↗