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Biomedical subjects

H Ando

Publications and source records attributed to H Ando.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Frequent somatic mutations of the APC gene in human pancreatic cancer.

The APC (adenomatous polyposis coli) gene is responsible for familial adenomatous polyposis and is also associated with the development of sporadic tumors of the colon and stomach. To investigate whether or not mutations of APC play any role in tumors arising in other organs, we examined somatic mutations of this gene in sporadic (nonfamilial) renal cell carcinomas, hepatocellular carcinomas, and cancers of the lung and pancreas. DNAs isolated from tumors were examined by means of a RNase protection analysis, coupled with the polymerase chain reaction followed by DNA sequencing of the polymerase chain reaction products. By screening a part of the APC coding region, we detected somatic mutations in four of ten pancreatic cancers; each of these mutations would yield a truncated APC product due to a 1- or 5-base pair deletion. These results imply that mutations in APC contribute to carcinogenesis in the pancreas.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1992

Germ-line mutations of the APC gene in 53 familial adenomatous polyposis patients.

We searched for germ-line mutations of the APC gene in 79 unrelated patients with familial adenomatous polyposis using a ribonuclease protection analysis coupled with polymerase chain reaction amplifications of genomic DNA. Mutations were found in 53 patients (67%); 28 of the mutations were small deletions and 2 were 1- to 2-base-pair insertions; 19 were point mutations resulting in stop codons and only 4 were missense point mutations. Thus, 92% of the mutations were predicted to result in truncations of the APC protein. More than two-thirds (68%) of the mutations were clustered in the 5' half of the last exon, and nearly two-fifths of the total mutations occurred at one of five positions. This information has significant implications for understanding the role of APC mutation in inherited forms of colorectal neoplasia and for designing effective methods for genetic counseling and presymptomatic diagnosis.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1992

Exploratory eye movements in schizophrenic patients and patients with frontal lobe lesions.

Exploratory eye movements in 20 schizophrenics, 18 patients with frontal lobe lesions (9 right-sided and 9 left-sided) and 20 normal controls were examined with an eye mark recorder while they viewed stationary S-shaped figures. The eye movements made during the subject's first 15-s viewing of an original figure were analyzed. Patients with right frontal lobe lesions (RF) and schizophrenics (S) had lower scores than normal controls (NC) for the number of eye fixations, total eye scanning length and mean eye scanning length. Each subject was then shown two other figures slightly different from the original and was requested to compare them with the original. After comparing them, the subject was asked the question, "Are there any other differences?" The eye movements made over the ensuing 5 s in response to this question were scored using the responsive search score (RSS). The RSS was low only in the S group. The subject was also asked to reproduce the original figure before and after making comparisons between the figures. The RF and S groups were poorer at reproduction than the NC group. These findings suggest that there is disordered function of the right frontal lobe in schizophrenia, and that schizophrenia is due not only to localized damage to one part of the brain but to more widespread damage.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Sub-acute toxicity of piperonyl butoxide in F344 rats.

Piperonyl butoxide, alpha-[2-(2-Butoxyethoxy)ethoxy]-4,5-methylenedioxy- 2-propyltoluene, is a pesticide synergist. F344 rats of both sex were maintained on diets containing 0, 0.6, 1.2 or 2.4% of piperonyl butoxide for 13 weeks. At the end of experimental period, they were necropsied. Selected organs were weighted and serum was analyzed by clinical chemistry. In male and female rats of the 2.4%-group, body weight gains were depressed, macroscopically, hepatomegaly was marked and liver weights were significantly higher than those of the control group. In male and female rats of all treated groups, relative kidney weights were significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner. Rats of the 2.4%-group had increased levels of albumin, cholesterol, urea nitrogen and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. Examination of livers of the male 2.4%-group by light microscopy showed enlarged hepatocytes with glassy cytoplasm and fatty deposition. On occasion, there was coagulative necrosis of a few hepatocytes in the periportal area and oval cell proliferation. The kidney of treated rats showed atrophy of epithelium in the proximal convoluted tubules. These results indicated that toxicity of piperonyl butoxide in rats was directed primarily to the liver and kidney.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Inhibition of corneal epithelial wound healing. A comparative study of mitomycin C and 5-fluorouracil.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to assess the influence of the antiproliferative agents, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and mitomycin C (MMC), on the intact corneal epithelium and on epithelial wound healing in the rabbit cornea. METHODS: Using an eye cup made of polymethylmethacrylate, the intact rabbit corneas were bathed for 5 or 15 minutes with either MMC (in concentrations of 0.0016%, 0.008%, 0.04%, and 0.2%) or 5-FU (in concentrations of 1% and 5%). The same concentrations of MMC or 5-FU were applied to the cornea with the eye cup in which epithelial cells were mechanically removed. The contralateral fellow eyes, which were bathed in balanced salt solution in the eye cup, had the cornea intact or mechanically abraded and served as controls. Five to six animals were used only once for each concentration of MMC or 5-FU. RESULTS: Neither MMC nor 5-FU caused any discernible changes in the intact cornea of any of the eyes. The epithelial healing was retarded by mitomycin in a dose-related manner, and ID50 was calculated to be 0.06%. Five-fluorouracil 5% significantly delayed epithelial healing, but 1% failed to do so. Mitomycin C was estimated to be at least 125 times as potent as 5-FU in inhibiting corneal epithelial healing. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that particular care should be taken to minimize corneal contact with MMC in the clinical setting, particularly when epithelial defects are present.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Somatic mutations of the APC gene in colorectal tumors: mutation cluster region in the APC gene.

We examined somatic mutations of the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene in 63 colorectal tumors (16 adenomas and 47 carcinomas) developed in familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and non-FAP patients. In addition to loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at the APC locus in 30 tumors, 43 other somatic mutations were detected. Twenty-one of them were point mutations; 16 nonsense and two missense mutations, and three occurred in introns at the splicing site. Twenty-two tumors had frameshift mutations due to deletion or insertion; nineteen of them were deletions of one to 31 bp and three were a 1-bp insertion. One tumor had a 1-bp deletion in an intron near the splicing site. Hence, 41 (95%) of 43 mutations resulted in truncation of the APC protein. Over 60% of the somatic mutations in the APC gene were clustered within a small region of exon 15, designated as MCR (mutation cluster region), which accounted for less than 10% of the coding region. Combining these data and the results of LOH, more than 80% of tumors (14 adenomas and 39 carcinomas) had at least one mutation in the APC gene, of which more than 60% (9 adenomas and 23 carcinomas) had two mutations. These results strongly suggest that somatic mutations of the APC gene are associated with development of a great majority of colorectal tumors.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1992

Exploratory eye movements and neuropsychological tests in schizophrenic patients.

Exploratory eye movements in schizophrenic and nonschizophrenic subjects were examined with an eye mark recorder while the subjects viewed geometric figures. Elementary components of eye movements and the responsive search score (RSS), a function of the number of sections on which the subjects fixated, were measured by means of an eye movement analyzer and slow motion replay. The schizophrenic group and the depressed patient group had fewer eye fixations than the normal control group and the obsessive-compulsive disorder group. The schizophrenic group had a lower RSS average than patients with depression, patients with obsessive-compulsive disorders, or subjects in the normal control group. These results in conjunction with those of our previous studies suggest that a low RSS is specific to schizophrenia. We examined the relationship between these eye movements and neuropsychological tests and also investigated the relation between the eye movements and clinical symptoms by means of the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia, and the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms. The RSS correlated positively with the performance IQ and Wechsler's Maze test, but not with the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test or the verbal IQ result. The RSS also correlated negatively with negative symptoms. These results suggest that the RSS has two characteristic features: it is strongly associated with the interpersonal response and it may be connected with visuospatial and visuomotor functions including attention.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Mechanical matching of the left ventricle with the arterial system in exercising dogs.

We investigated how changes in ventricular contractility and arterial properties associated with exercise influence the energy transmission from the left ventricle to the arterial system. On six chronically instrumented dogs preconditioned to run on a treadmill, we imposed exercise loads of various degrees by altering the speed and slope of the treadmill (up to 7 km/hr and 20% slope). We evaluated ventricular contractility by end-systolic elastance (Ees) and arterial properties in terms of the effective arterial elastance (Ea). Ea was estimated by the ratio of mean aortic pressure to stroke volume. With exercise, Ees significantly increased from 7.6 +/- 1.7 to 10.9 +/- 2.6 mm Hg/ml (p less than 0.005), and Ea tended to increase from 4.9 +/- 1.4 to 6.7 +/- 1.8 mm Hg/ml (p = 0.068), whereas the ratio of Ea to Ees remained fairly constant (from 0.69 +/- 0.26 to 0.63 +/- 0.21, NS). The mechanical optimality index, defined as the ratio of stroke work to its theoretically derived maximal value, was 0.93 +/- 0.07 at rest and 0.92 +/- 0.08 at peak exercise. Similarly, the metabolic optimality index, defined as the ratio of cardiac oxygen consumption to stroke work conversion efficiency and its theoretical maximal value, was 0.98 +/- 0.02 at rest and 0.99 +/- 0.01 at peak exercise (NS). We conclude that external work of the left ventricle of these dogs was at a near maximal level for a given preload during exercise as well as at rest without compromising the conversion efficiency of metabolic energy to stroke work.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Studies on cardiac ingredients of plants. IX. Chemical transformation of proscillaridin by utilizing its 1,4-cycloadducts as key compounds and biological activities of their derivatives.

Three aromatic compounds (2-4) possessing a carbomethoxyl group or a dimethoxyphthaloyl group, prepared by the Diels-Alder reaction of the cardiac glycoside, proscillaridin (1), with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate and methyl propiolate, were transformed into alcohols, carboxylic acids and amides. The biological activities of the resulting derivatives were evaluated by the use of Na+, K(+)-adenosine triphosphatase (Na+,K(+)-ATPase) from dog kidney and isolated guinea-pig papillary muscle. Although the biological activities of the resulting derivatives were less potent than that of 1, a para-substituted benzylalcohol (5), methylbenzamides (9a and 10a), and ethylbenzamides (9b and 10b) inhibited the activity of Na+,K(+)-ATPase almost as potently as naturally occurring cardiac glycosides such as digoxin and digitoxin.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Studies on cardiac ingredients of plants. X. Preparation of nitrates of tetrahydroproscillaridin and their pharmacological activities].

To reduce the vascular contracting effect of the hydrogenated cardiac glycosides, 20-(R)- and 20-(S)-tetrahydroproscillaridins (THPs, 1a, 1b), and to extend the concentration-dependent range, mono- and dinitrates of THPs were prepared. The pharmacological activities of the nitrates of THP were evaluated by use of isolated guinea-pig papillary muscle preparations and Na+,K(+)-adenosine triphosphatase preparations from dog kidney. Furthermore, the effect for smooth muscle was examined using the helical strips isolated from 13-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rat. The positive inotropic effects of mononitrates (11a, 11b, 2a, 2b, 8a, and 8b) were more potent than those of THPs. Nitration of the sugar moiety in THPs resulted in a vascular relaxing effect unobserved in the case of THPs.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[23Na-NMR measurements of the sodium concentration in guinea pig erythrocytes: the effects of cardiac glycoside and asebotoxin III].

Intra- and extracellular sodium in guinea pig erythrocytes was evaluated with sodium-23 nuclear magnetic resonance (23Na-NMR) by the use of a shift reagent, Dy(TTHA)3- or Dy(PPPi)2(7-). The test medium contained erythrocytes at 40% hematocrit level and NMR buffer (145 mM NaCl, 10 mM Dy(TTHA)3-, 10% D2O, adjusted to pH 7.4 with tris, at 35 degrees C). NMR spectra were obtained with a JEOL GSX 400 spectrometer operating at the Fourier transform mode of resonance signals, and the accumulated signals provoked by radio-frequency pulses of 90 degrees were recorded on paper. Quantitative Na determination was performed by measuring the area under the peak of intracellular sodium (Nai) NMR signals. Ouabain (Oua: 0.3 mM) and asebotoxin-III (ATX-III: 0.3 mM) produced an increase in Nai-NMR signals to a level of 188.1% and 138.1% of the control, respectively. Combined use of Oua (0.15 mM) and ATX-III (0.15 mM) produced an elevation of Nai concentration to a high level of 219.0% of the control in a superadditive manner. Mechanisms of the Nai elevation with Oua and ATX-III can be interpreted by assuming two different actions: ATX-III increases net Na(+)-influx via Na+ channels, while Oua inhibits the pumping out of Na+ from the cell.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Mutagenicity and amounts of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in marijuana smoking tar extracted from pipes].

In spite of strict laws prohibiting it, criminal cases involving marijuana abuse are increasing, resulting in a serious social problem in Japan. The most common method of ingestion is smoking, since abusers feel that this method produces quick psychological effects controversial. Marijuana is known to induce psychological addiction, but it's genotoxic effects are still argued. Marijuana smoking tar has been extracted from seized pipes. The amounts of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in the tar were weighed and the mutagenic activity was tested. The results are as follows: 1) Five of the seven PAHs were detected in marijuana tar, although benzo(e)pyrene and perylene were not. 2) There was more pyrene than any other substance detected in the tar, with fluoranthene having the next highest concentration. 3) Mutagenic activity was observed in all samples, with relative mutagenic potency ranging from 0.03 to 1.59. 4) The type of smoking pipe and burning temperature may affect the mutagenic activity and the amount of PAH. 5) Since marijuana smoking tar contains carcinogens, promoters, and mutagens, there is a risk of developing cancer just as in the case of tobacco.

Marijuana Smoking↗
PubMed1992

Dilated cardiomyopathy caused by cytomegalovirus infection in a renal transplant recipient.

In immunocompromised patients, cytomegalovirus myocarditis leading to dilated cardiomyopathy is rare, and the duration of myocardial damage in such patients has not yet been determined. We report here one renal transplant recipient with cytomegalovirus myocarditis. This case shows that the myocardial damage secondary to cytomegalovirus may be insidious and persist for a relatively long period in the immunocompromised patient.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Mutations of the APC (adenomatous polyposis coli) gene in FAP (familial polyposis coli) patients and in sporadic colorectal tumors.

We have isolated several genes on chromosome 5q21 region tightly linked to hereditary familial polyposis coli (FAP) and Gardner's syndrome (GS). Two of these genes (MCC and APC) were found to be somatically altered by point mutation, deletion or insertion in tumors of sporadic colorectal cancer patients. One (APC) of them was also found mutations in the germ line of both APC and GS patients. The identification of these genes has significant implications for understanding the pathogenesis of colorectal neoplasia and for the diagnosis and counseling of individuals with inherited predispositions to colorectal cancer.

Adenomatous Polyposis Coli↗
PubMed1992

[Balloon plasty for biliary strictures associated with choledochal cysts].

Balloon plasty with a Meditec balloon dilatation catheter was performed in thirteen patients who had choledochal cysts with intrahepatic biliary strictures. The age of the patients ranged from one to 28 years. Eleven were female, and two were male. The site of the biliary stricture was both the right and left hepatic duct in eight patients, the left hepatic duct in four, and the right hepatic duct in one. Balloon plasty was performed postoperatively through the fistula of the percutaneous transhepatic drainage tube in seven patients and during the operation in six. Dilatation was adequate in ten patients but insufficient in three. The preoperative imaging character of the biliary strictures in the successful cases was membranous stenosis of less than 2mm in length. In contrast, the strictures of the patients with insufficient dilatation were long stenoses of more than 5mm in length.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[The usefulness of dipyridamole stress myocardial scintigram as a preoperative test for detecting ischemic heart disease before vascular surgery].

We evaluated the usefulness of dipyridamole 201Tl myocardial scintigraphy (DS) for detecting myocardial ischemia in 18 candidate for vascular surgery. DS indicated significant thallium redistribution in 6 patients. Coronary angiography was performed in 5 of these 6 patients and revealed significant coronary artery disease in all patients. As a result, operation was cancelled in 4 patients with severe coronary artery disease. One of these cases died of acute myocardial infarction after being discharged from hospital. One other patient was operated after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. Another patient was operated knowing that he had significant but mild coronary artery disease. Subsequently, operations were performed in 14 patients. No serious cardiac event occurred in these 14 patients except one case with T wave inversion without myocardial enzyme elevation. Thus, we concluded that DS was a useful method for detecting ischemic heart disease and prevent cardiac event associated with vascular surgery.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

[Laboratory and clinical studies on cefprozil in the field of pediatrics].

Laboratory and clinical studies on cefprozil (CFPZ, BMY-28100), a new cephem antibiotic, were carried out in the field of pediatrics. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Serum concentrations, urinary concentrations and urinary recovery rates of CFPZ were determined upon oral administration of CFPZ after meal at doses of 4 mg/kg granules in a case, 7.5 mg/kg granules in 2 cases and 15 mg/kg granules in one. Peak serum levels of CFPZ were obtained at an hour in 3 cases and at 2 hours in 1 case after administration of the drug with a range of 2.7-8.6 micrograms/ml with half-lives of 0.69-0.95 hours. Urinary recovery rates in the first 6 hours after administration ranged from 59.4-71.3%. 2. MICs of CFPZ against 36 clinical isolates (Staphylococcus aureus 4 strains, Streptococcus pneumoniae 5, Streptococcus pyogenes 5, Escherichia coli 5, Haemophilus influenzae 12, Haemophilus parainfluenzae 4, and Branhamella catarrhalis 1) were compared with those of cefaclor (CCL) and ampicillin (ABPC). The antibacterial activity of CFPZ was superior to those of CCL against Gram-positive cocci, and to those of ABPC against E. coli, and was equal to those of CCL and inferior to those of ABPC against H. influenzae. 3. Thirty-seven pediatric patients with acute infectious diseases (pharyngitis/tonsillitis 17, bronchitis 7, pneumonia 3, skin and soft tissue infection 2, and urinary tract infection 8) were treated with CFPZ at daily doses of 10-47 mg/kg t.i.d. as a rule. The efficacy rates were 100% clinically and 56% bacteriologically. 4. Side effects or abnormal laboratory test values were not observed except for an increased platelet count in 1 case and elevated GOT, GPT values in 2 cases.

Bacteria↗