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Biomedical subjects

H Arif

Publications and source records attributed to H Arif.

7 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

A prospective randomized study comparing absorbable and nonabsorbable staples in constructing antireflux valves of urethral hemi-Kock pouches.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the long-term complications associated with constructing an antireflux nipple valve using absorbable or nonabsorbable staples in the urethral hemi-Kock pouch. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fifty patients (all men, median age 47 years, range 28-73) undergoing construction of a urethral hemi-Kock pouch were randomized prospectively into two equal groups. In group 1, absorbable (polyglyconate) staples were used for the construction, and in group 2 nonabsorbable (metal) staples were used but omitting the staples applied at the tip of nipple valve. Assessment during the follow-up of 6-88 months comprised urine analysis, culture and sensitivity, measurement of serum creatinine, electrolytes and blood gases, and plain abdominal radiography, intravenous urography and micturating pouchography. RESULTS: In group 1, 21 patients were evaluable; a pouch stone was detected in one, extussusception of the valve in one and valve stenosis in one. In group 2, 20 patients were evaluable; pouch stones were detected in six, extussusception of the valve in three and valve stenosis in one. CONCLUSION: Compared with nonabsorbable (metal) staples, the use of absorbable (polyglyconate) staples significantly decreased the incidence of pouch stone formation and improved valve stability in patients with a urethral hemi-Kock pouch.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Physicians' prescribing practice for treatment of acute diarrhoea in young children in Jakarta.

Prescribing practices of physicians who treat acute childhood diarrhoea in Penjaringan, an urban district of Jakarta, were investigated utilising observations of clinical practice and interviews with physicians. One hundred thirty-four physicians registered in Penjaringan district in their practices; 122 physicians (91%) participated in the survey and 73 (55%) were included in the observational study. Reported and observed practices are compared. Results show that 78% of the physicians reported that they frequently prescribe Oralit, a solution for oral rehydration therapy (ORT). However, observation of clinical cases indicates that Oralit was prescribed less frequently than reported. Although most physicians believed viral infections were a common cause of diarrhoea, antibiotics were prescribed for children in 94 percent of observed cases. Antispasmodic drugs were also commonly prescribed. Factors associated with physicians' prescribing behaviour and practices regarding diarrhoeal diseases include type of practice, concepts about aetiology, perceptions about ORT and parental expectations. The observed discrepancy between knowledge and practice suggests the need for new ways to encourage physicians to prescribe Oralit and to limit use of antibiotics and antidiarrhoeals of doubtful efficacy.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1984

Malaria control with residual fenitrothion in Central Java, Indonesia: an operational-scale trial using both full and selective coverage treatments.

An operational-scale trial, using residual fenitrothion, for control of malaria was carried out in Central Java, Indonesia, from 1980 to 1982. Two areas, each comprising about 70 km(2) and a population of about 50 000, were treated with fenitrothion (40% water dispersible powder) at a target dosage of 2 g/m(2) for 3 cycles at 6-monthly intervals. One area was treated with full coverage (i.e., the interiors of houses and cattle shelters were sprayed to a height of 3 m) for 2 cycles, followed by a third cycle with selective coverage (i.e., the interiors of houses were sprayed with one 75 cm horizontal swath between 10 cm and 85 cm from the floor while the cattle shelters were sprayed to a height of 3 m). The other area was treated for 3 cycles with only selective coverage. While both treatment methods reduced malaria rates and vector populations to very low levels, the full coverage treatment was more rapidly effective and also reduced the Plasmodium falciparum index. However, the selective coverage treatment was 68% less expensive than full coverage and greatly reduced the degree of cholinesterase depressions among the spraymen. The trial also showed that a dosage of 1 g/m(2) with full coverage was nearly as effective as the 2 g/m(2) dosage.

Animals↗