Biomedical subjects

H Asaoku

Publications and source records attributed to H Asaoku.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1995

A specific chromosome abnormality of t(4;12)(q11-12;p13) in CD7+ acute leukaemia.

Three cases of acute leukaemia with t(4;12) (q11-12;p13) karyotypic abnormalities were analysed. They had the following common clinical and biological characteristics: (1) dysplasia of three haemopoietic lineages: (2) absent or low myeloperoxidase activity: and (3) retention of platelets in the peripheral blood and megakaryocytes in the bone marrow. There were increased numbers of basophils in the bone marrow and peripheral blood in two of the cases. In all, the blast cells displayed the unique immunophenotype CD7+CD13+CD34+HLA-DR+. The blasts analysed in one case expressed c-kit on the membrane surface. These findings suggest that the t(4;12) (q11-12;p13) abnormality is associated with a particular type of acute leukaemia, one in which the morphology and immunophenotype suggest that the translocation may have occurred at an early stage of haemopoiesis.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1995

Emergence of karyotypically unrelated clone in remission of de novo acute myeloblastic leukaemias.

Serial cytogenetic analysis revealed karyotypically unrelated clones in four patients with acute myeloblastic leukaemia (AML) in remission. At diagnosis, three patients had t(8;21)(q22;q22) and one had an inv(16)(p13q22). After 18-22 months in remission, different clones emerged in each patient with myelodysplastic features of the bone marrow cells. The emergence of clones with abnormalities of chromosome 7 in remission seems to be an unfavourable factor for prognosis.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗

PubMed1993

Expressions of DNA topoisomerase I and II gene and the genes possibly related to drug resistance in human myeloma cells.

In order to clarify the mechanism of drug resistance in human myeloma cells, we investigated the expressions of DNA topoisomerase I and topoisomerase II gene and the genes possibly related to drug resistance; multi-drug resistant gene 1 (MDR-1), glutathione S-transferase class pi gene (GST-pi), by Northern blotting. Myeloma cells in eight of 15 cases prior to chemotherapy expressed topoisomerase I mRNA considerably, while the expression of topoisomerase II mRNA was detected weakly in only one of 16 myeloma patients. There was not any correlation between expression of topoisomerase I mRNA and clinical drug resistance. Significant expression of MDR-1 mRNA and P-glycoprotein was not detected in 25 cases of multiple myeloma prior to chemotherapy and even after several courses of VAD (vincristine, adriamycin and dexamethasone) therapy by Northern blotting and immunostaining using monoclonal anti-P-glycoprotein antibody (MRK-16), respectively. On the other hand, 16 of 21 myeloma cases showed significant expression of GST-pi protein and GST-pi mRNA with the various strengths, but there was no apparent correlation between GST-pi mRNA expression and clinical response. Therefore these data suggest that expression of the genes we tested may not determine the level of drug resistance in multiple myeloma, but lower or no significant expression of topoisomerase II mRNA in most myeloma cells indicates the possibility that topoisomerase II inhibitors such as VP-16 and topoisomerase II-mediated cytotoxic drugs such as adriamycin, are not so effective for the treatment of multiple myeloma.

ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Mem↗

PubMed1992

A high frequency of N-RAS oncogene mutations in multiple myeloma.

Mutation of the RAS oncogene was studied in ten patients with multiple myeloma, and the DNA from nude mouse tumors formed by cells obtained from tumorigenecity assays (in vivo selection assays) in these patients was analyzed by PCR and oligonucleotide hybridization. Mutations of the N-RAS oncogene were identified in two of three patients investigated by in vivo selection assay and in five of ten patients investigated by PCR analysis of DNA from myeloma cells. In the two former patients, mutation of the N-RAS oncogene was observed at the 61st codon. Of the five N-RAS mutant-positive patients investigated by the PCR analysis, one had a mutation at codon 12, two had mutations at codon 13, and two had mutations at codon 61. None of the patients had mutations of the K-RAS oncogene. These results suggest that the frequency of RAS gene mutation in multiple myeloma is higher than in other lymphoid malignancies such as acute lymphocytic leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and malignant lymphoma. As the mutation was observed only at the N-RAS oncogene level, it is speculated that N-RAS oncogene activation might play an important role in the progression of multiple myeloma.

Aged↗

PubMed1992

[Study on the therapy of multiple myelomas--initial induction therapy (MP, IFN alpha, steroid pulse) and maintenance therapy (VMP, MP continuous, VEP, MCNU)].

Untreated twenty patients of multiple myeloma were treated with the chemotherapy protocol as follows: Initial induction therapy;MP continuous or MP intermittent----IFN alpha----steroid pulse. Maintenance therapy;alkylating agents which have no cross resistance were used ((V) MP----(MP)----(V) EP----MCNU). Remission rate (CR+PR) after the initial MP therapy was 45%, and that after including IFN alpha and steroid pulse therapy was 50%, Fifty percent survival rate was almost as same as those reported previously (34M). Our protocol presented here was based on the idea that, initially, myeloma cells with proliferative activity could be affected by MP therapy, and subsequent IFN alpha therapy would have effect even on the residual myeloma cells. Serial checks of 3H-TdR uptake of myeloma cells during the therapy supported this idea. During the maintenance therapy, clinical responses to the initial induction therapy were not aggravated in the responded cases when evaluated by the variation of serum M-protein level. We propose that considering from a point of proliferative activity of myeloma cells is important for designing therapeutic protocols for multiple myeloma.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Increased expression of the c-myc gene may be related to the aggressive transformation of human myeloma cells.

Alteration and abnormal expression of the c-myc oncogene were investigated in human multiple myeloma. Human myeloma cells were highly purified (more than 95%) from bone marrow aspirates in 14 cases of advanced multiple myelomas and one case of plasma cell leukaemia. Southern blotting revealed that a rearranged configuration of c-myc gene was found in only one case of them, but this was a novel truncation of the gene in its coding exon II; a rearranged 3.4 kb band was detected by digestion with Xba I using c-myc exon II probe, but no rearranged band was found using exon III probe. In this case, the truncated c-myc allele was not transcribed; normal sized (2.4 kb) c-myc mRNA was markedly expressed, but no aberrant mRNA was detected. On the other hand, by Northern blotting, the nine cases, including the case with the rearranged c-myc gene, showed increased expression of normal sized (2.4 kb) c-myc mRNA. Elevated c-myc mRNA expressions were well related to the in vitro proliferation (3H-TdR uptake), but not to IL-6 response. Interestingly, extremely high expressions of c-myc mRNA were detected in two cases of aggressive myelomas, including the case with the rearranged c-myc gene, and in one of plasma cell leukaemia. These two cases of aggressive myelomas were the ones who showed the markedly high 3H-TdR uptakes, and had the common clinical features with the formation of an extramedullary mass and very short survival. These results suggest that the activation of c-myc gene could induce high proliferative activities and the subsequent aggressive transformation of myeloma cells.

Blotting, Northern↗

PubMed1991

Cytogenetic, molecular biological and clinical study of B-cell lymphomas with 14;18 translocation in Japanese patients.

To investigate the role of the BCL-2 gene in Japanese patients with B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, karyotypic analysis, DNA analysis and clinical characterization were studied. Ten of 73 patients showed t(14;18) and two patients had variant translocations [t(2;18) and t(18;22), respectively]. Of 42 patients examined at the molecular level, eight patients showed the BCL-2 gene rearrangement detected by mbr probe and two patients by 5'BCL-2 probe. Of the eight patients with the BCL-2 gene rearrangement by the mbr probe, t(14;18) was detected in six patients. A discrepancy in the relationship between the occurrence of t(14;18) and BCL-2 gene rearrangement was recognized. Two patients with obvious t(14;18) showed no rearrangement of the BCL-2 gene by mbr, mcr, nor 5' probe. Cytogenetic analysis is an indispensable tool for investigating lymphomogenesis. The two patients with the variant translocations, t(2;18) and t(18;22), showed breakpoints at the 5' site of the BCL-2 gene and both were histologically of the small lymphocytic type. No examples with the co-existence of both the BCL-2 and c-MYC gene rearrangements were found. The median survival time of the patients with the BCL-2 rearrangement and/or t(14;18) was longer than the patients without the BCL-2 gene rearrangement and translocation and also patients with the c-MYC gene rearrangement and/or translocation. Racial and geographical heterogeneities, variant translocations of t(14;18) and the clinical characteristics of B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with t(14;18) are discussed.

Chromosome Aberrations↗

PubMed1991

[A clinical study on intrathoracic malignant lymphoma with chronic tuberculous pyothorax].

The authors reported 3 male patients of malignant lymphoma developing from long-standing pyothorax. They had been suffering from tuberculous pyothorax for more than 30 years, after artificial pneumothorax therapy for pulmonary tuberculosis. The most common symptom was chest pain. It was difficult to detect the tumor mass by chest X-ray because of old inflammatory changes. Computed tomography and 67Ga scintigraphy were useful. The lesions tended to grow destroying the surrounding lung, chest wall and ribs. Histologically, 2 cases were diffuse large cell type and one was diffuse intermediate sized cell type. Immunologically, 2 cases were B-cell type lymphoma but one was not clearly classified. They received radiotherapy, but 2 cases died of respiratory failure. These findings suggest that B cell lymphoma might arise following chronic tuberculous pyothorax. Therefore such cases should be followed up carefully.

Empyema, Pleural↗

PubMed1990

Effect of glucocorticoids on the biologic activities of myeloma cells: inhibition of interleukin-1 beta osteoclast activating factor-induced bone resorption.

Regulatory effects of glucocorticoids (dexamethasone) on myeloma cells as well as bone resorption in multiple myeloma were investigated. Glucocorticoids significantly inhibited proliferation of myeloma cells, and decreased the messenger RNA (mRNA) expressions of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and secretory type immunoglobulin G (IgG). The inhibitory effects of glucocorticoids on myeloma cell proliferation could be due to the decreased expression of IL-6 mRNA, decreased IL-6 production, and thus suppression of autocrine growth by IL-6, which is an autocrine growth factor for myeloma cells as reported previously (Nature 332:83, 1988). Glucocorticoids also inhibited M-protein secretion by decreasing the levels of secretory type Ig mRNA. On the other hand, because IL-1 beta rather than lymphotoxin is considered to be a major osteoclast activating factor (OAF) produced by myeloma cells, and glucocorticoids decreased the expression of IL-1 beta mRNA and markedly suppressed the bone resorbing activity induced by IL-1 beta OAF in 45Ca-release bone resorption assay, it is suggestive that glucocorticoids could inhibit bone resorption induced by IL-1 beta OAF in multiple myeloma. Therefore, from these data it is concluded that glucocorticoids could be more effective chemotherapeutic agents in multiple myeloma than we expected, especially with regards to the inhibitory effects on proliferation and M-protein secretion from myeloma cells, as well as bone resorption by myeloma cells.

Blotting, Northern↗

PubMed1990

Immunophenotype, histopathology and clinical stage: their predictive value in the prognosis of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas.

The relationship between immunophenotype, histopathology and clinical stage in influencing prognosis was evaluated in 99 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). All cases were histopathologically classified according to the system of the international conference on working formulation (WF), immunologically analysed by flow cytometry with a panel of monoclonal antibodies and clinically staged by the Ann Arbor scheme. Eighty eight percent of T- and 87.7% of B-phenotype NHLs respectively received combination chemotherapies with or without radiotherapy. Early stages I and II showed higher response rates (86% for T- and B-NHL) compared to the advanced ones III and IV (58% for T-NHL and 65% for the B-NHLs), p less than 0.05. Higher overall survival rates were observed in low and intermediate grade NHLs, p less than 0.05. The early stages further showed relatively higher survival rates in T- than in B-phenotype of intermediate grade NHL. Low grade NHL had the highest survival rates in both early and advanced stages, whereas the survival rate was the lowest in high grade NHL irrespective of the clinical stages. Immunophenotype, pathological grade and clinical stage jointly displayed varied predictive values in the prognosis of NHL. Since the present prognostic models are based on histological and staging criteria only, the results suggest that, phenotype should be included in the classification systems or prognostic models for the NHLs, thus facilitating the establishment of effective lineage specific therapies.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1989

Interleukin-1 beta rather than lymphotoxin as the major bone resorbing activity in human multiple myeloma.

Human myeloma cells were purified from bone marrow aspirates from four patients having advanced myeloma, including one with common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen-positive myeloma. All of these myelomas had marked bone lytic lesions. From the culture supernatants of these purified myeloma cells, bone-resorbing activities were significantly revealed by 45Ca-release bone resorption assay, and IL-1 activities were also detected by IL-1 bioassay (mouse thymocyte comitogenic assay). Sandwich enzyme immunoassay for IL-1 alpha or IL-1 beta revealed that IL-1 beta was responsible for IL-1 activity of these culture supernatants. Furthermore, the bone resorbing activities of these culture supernatants were completely neutralized by pretreatment of anti-IL-1 beta, but not anti-IL-1 alpha antibody. By Northern blot analysis, IL-1 beta mRNA was identified from these myeloma cells. Therefore, it is concluded that myeloma cells produce IL-1 beta, which acts as bone-resorbing activity in multiple myeloma.

Antigen-Antibody Reactions↗

PubMed1989

Altered cytokine activities are related to the suppression of synthesis of normal immunoglobulin in multiple myeloma.

The content of peripheral blood B cells (B1+) was reduced in patients of multiple myeloma (MM) and not in those with benign monoclonal gammopathy (BMG) compared to normal donors (P less than 0.01). This observation correlated with the suppression of synthesis of normal immunoglobulin (Ig) in MM. Thus, cytokine activities regulating the proliferation of normal mature B cells, such as B cell stimulatory factor 1 (BSF-1)/interleukin 4 (IL-4), B cell growth inhibitory factor (BIF) and IL-2 in peripheral blood T cells, and IL-1 in peripheral blood adherent cells, were investigated in patients with BMG (n = 7) and MM (n = 28). All patients of MM having a marked suppression of synthesis of all other normal Ig, had significantly lower levels of BSF-1 activity and inversely higher levels of BIF activity than those of normal donors. However, patients with BMG having no suppression of synthesis of normal Ig had BSF-1 and BIF activities similar to normal donors. There was no significant difference in IL-1 and IL-2 activities between both normal donors and BMG versus MM patients. These data show that in MM altered cytokine activities correlate with suppression of synthesis of normal Ig.

B-Lymphocytes↗

PubMed1989

BSF-2/IL-6 does not augment Ig secretion but stimulates proliferation in myeloma cells.

Human myeloma cells were highly purified from bone marrow aspirates of 21 patients with advanced immunoglobulin G (IgG)-type multiple myeloma. B-cell stimulatory factor 2 (BSF-2)/interleukin-6 (IL-6) was originally characterized as a cytokine that can enhance immunoglobulin secretion from activated normal B cells and increase the expression of secretory-type Ig mRNA in these B cells, but that does not augment proliferation of activated B cells. However, recombinant IL-6 (rIL-6) could not enhance M-protein (IgG) secretion in freshly isolated myeloma cells in vitro but could augment proliferation of myeloma cells, although myeloma cells constitutively expressed IL-6 receptors. Furthermore, expression of secretory-type IgG (gamma-chain) mRNA in myeloma cells was not changed in the presence of IL-6. These results show that IL-6 is not an enhancing factor in Ig secretion from myeloma cells, and thus signal transduction through IL-6 in myeloma cells may be altered as opposed to activated B cells.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗

PubMed1989

Heterogenous response of B cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (B-CLL) cells to anti-human IgM antibody (anti-mu) and B cell stimulatory factor 1 (BSF-1).

B cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (B-CLL) cells from seven patients were examined for 3H-TdR uptake with anti-human IgM antibody (anti-mu) and B cell stimulatory factor 1 (BSF-1)/IL-4. B-CLL cells from one patient could proliferate with anti-mu plus BSF-1, but not with BSF-1 alone. B-CLL cells from two patients responded to BSF-1 alone; one could proliferate more by adding anti-mu, but the proliferation of the other cells was inhibited by adding anti-mu. On the other hand, B-CLL cells from the other four patients responded neither to anti-mu nor to anti-mu plus BSF-1. Surface densities of membrane IgM of B-CLL cells were also analysed by fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS), but there was no correlation between proliferative response (DNA synthesis) of B-CLL cells to anti-mu and densities of surface membrane IgM. These results show that there is a functional heterogeneity of B-CLL cells with regard to proliferative response to anti-mu and BSF-1.

Aged↗

PubMed1989

[A case of refractory multiple myeloma demonstrating a relationship between the progression of the disease and in vitro myeloma cells activity].

In vitro proliferation (3H-TdR-uptake) and M-protein secretion rate by highly purified myeloma cells from bone marrow aspirates were examined serially to evaluate the progression of multiple myeloma in a patient who was refractory to conventional alkylating agents. Following the administration of IFN-alpha, serum M-protein decreased significantly, with the reduced in vitro spontaneous M-protein secretion rate from the separated myeloma cells. Similarly, when IFN-alpha as low as 10 u/ml was added in vitro, it also suppressed M-protein secretion from myeloma cells of this patient, suggesting that, the observed decrease of serum M-protein was due to diminished M-protein secretion by the myeloma cells themselves, as well as the reduction of the tumor cell burden. On the other hand the in vitro 3H-TdR uptake by the myeloma cells increased markedly with the decrease in the M-protein secretion rate. Five months after the initiation of IFN-alpha treatment, tumor formation at the lumbar vertebrae occurred when serum M-protein level was still low, followed by a bone marrow relapse. These results suggest that serial assessments of proliferation and M-protein secretion potential of myeloma cells in vitro can be helpful in predicting the progression of multiple myeloma.

Cell Division↗

PubMed1989

[Acute granulocytic leukemia with near-tetraploid chromosome constitution appearing in the late stage of the disease with survival of almost 9 years].

A near-tetraploid clone was observed at the 5th relapse in a 34 year-old female with acute granulocytic leukemia. She was referred to Hiroshima University Hospital presenting with palpitation in May 1978. On admission she had a WBC count of 2,900/microliters with 31.5% blasts, platelet count of 2.4 x 10(4)/microliters and hemoglobin of 2.8 g/dl. A bone marrow aspirate showed hypercellular with 88.5% blasts. Most of them were weakly positive for peroxidase reaction. Occasional Auer rod and/or fine azurophilic granules were observed. DCMP therapy (daunorubicin, cytosine arabinoside, 6-mercaptopurine, and prednisone) was started and the first complete remission was achieved in August 1978. Afterward, the 5th relapse occurred in August 1986 and several kinds of drugs were given without effects. She died 8 years and 9 months after the diagnosis. Karyotype prior to treatment showed a normal diploidy without tetraploid mitoses. However, cells with near-tetraploid (mode: 91) were observed predominantly on the 5th relapse sample and almost all mitoses were occupied with near-tetraploidy at the terminal stage. Results of serial cytogenetic and hematologic study showed a close correlation between the incidence of near-tetraploid mitoses and that of very large blast cells. The significance of tetraploidy in previously reported 44 cases including our case was discussed.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

Interleukin-1 accelerates autocrine growth of myeloma cells through interleukin-6 in human myeloma.

Recombinant interleukin 1 alpha (rIL-1 alpha) augmented proliferation of freshly isolated myeloma cells as well as B-cell stimulatory factor 2 (BSF-2)/interleukin-6 (IL-6). Recombinant IL-1 alpha-induced proliferation was partially inhibited by anti-IL-6 antibody. In the culture supernatants of rIL-1 alpha-stimulated myeloma cells, IL-6 activities, which were measured by using an IL-6-dependent murine hybridoma clone, MH60.BSF2, were increased, when compared with those in the culture supernatants of nonstimulated myeloma cells. Furthermore, IL-6 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression was also augmented in IL-1 alpha-stimulated myeloma cells. Therefore rIL-1 alpha stimulates myeloma cells to produce IL-6, which consequently augments proliferation of myeloma cells. Thus, IL-1 can accelerate autocrine growth of myeloma cells through IL-6.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗

PubMed1989

Sensitive inhibitory effect of interferon-alpha on M-protein secretion of human myeloma cells.

The effects of interferon-alpha (IFN alpha) on in vitro proliferation and M-protein secretion in human myeloma cells were investigated. Human myeloma cells were purified from bone marrow aspirates in 12 multiple myeloma patients. Purified myeloma cells were cultured for 48 hours with IFN alpha at its lower concentrations (0.1 to 100 U/mL). The cells were then pulsed with 3H-TdR for the last 12 hours and 3H-TdR uptake was measured (in vitro proliferation). After 48-hour culture, supernatants were harvested and the amount of M-protein in these fluids were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (in vitro M-protein secretion). In vitro M-protein secretions of myeloma cells were significantly suppressed even at 0.1 U/mL of IFN alpha, while 3H-TdR uptakes were not so suppressed until 10 or 100 U/mL of IFN alpha were added. The expressions of secretory immunoglobulin (Ig) mRNA of these myeloma cells were also selectively suppressed by IFN alpha. Furthermore, after IFN alpha had been administered intramuscularly, 3 to 6 x 10(6) U/d for at least 1 month, in vitro M-protein secretions of these myeloma cells were decreased compared with those before IFN alpha administration. Therefore, these results suggest that IFN alpha has more sensitive inhibitory effect on M-protein secretion of human myeloma cells rather than on myeloma cell proliferation.

Blood Proteins↗