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Biomedical subjects

H Atta

Publications and source records attributed to H Atta.

7 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1993

Hepatic arterioportal fistula.

Hepatic arterioportal fistula (HAPF) is uncommon, arising largely from either a ruptured hepatic artery aneurysm or from penetrating trauma. It is being encountered increasingly, secondary to rising numbers of percutaneous transhepatic procedures. We will describe five cases of HAPF seen at Emory University Hospital over the last 5 years and conclude with a review of the current status of treatment of this condition. HAPF occurred secondary to ruptured hepatic artery aneurysm in two patients, operative injury in two patients, and after trauma in one patient. The predominant clinical manifestation in these patients were complications of portal hypertension, most commonly gastrointestinal bleeding. Angiography remains the definitive diagnostic procedure and it was used to accurately diagnose HAPF in all cases. However, duplex ultrasonography is rapidly becoming a useful screening tool and was the initial imaging modality in the most recent case. Several factors determine the therapeutic approach including the location of the HAPF and associated comorbidity. Due to the development of portal hypertension even asymptomatic fistulas should be treated. In general, surgery is the procedure of choice for extrahepatic fistula, while embolization is optimal for intrahepatic fistulas. Embolization is also useful for patients in whom associated comorbidity prohibits surgical treatment. The goal of surgery is to interrupt the fistula, to maintain hepatic arterial flow, and to close the defect in the portal vein.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Standardised echography in the differential diagnosis of extraocular muscle enlargement.

Standardised echography is well documented for its use in the evaluation of enlarged extraocular muscles in orbital disease, but is still a largely underdeveloped imaging method in Britain. This paper demonstrates the technique of muscle ultrasound scanning and the characteristic echographic findings in a variety of extraocular muscle diseases, as illustrated by five case reports. The role of echography in the management of such cases is discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Diameter of normal extraocular recti muscles with echography.

To establish the range of diameters of normal extraocular muscles, we used standardized A-scan echography to measure the superior recti/levator complex, medial, lateral, and inferior recti muscles in 38 subjects with healthy orbital tissues. The relationships of age, gender, height, and weight to axial length of the globe were considered. These factors and extraocular muscle diameters were not consistently associated. Our normative data were compared with previously reported studies of extraocular muscle diameter performed with standardized A-scan and contact B-scan echography and computed tomographic scanning.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Pharmacokinetics of chloramphenicol in normal and Escherichia coli infected chickens.

1. Disposition kinetics were compared in healthy chickens and in chickens naturally infected with E. coli following the intravenous, intramuscular and oral administration of chloramphenicol in a single dose of 20 mg/kg body weight. 2. Lower serum chloramphenicol concentration in diseased chickens were reported after intravenous injection, but they were higher than normal 30 min after intramuscular and oral administration. Following intravenous injection the volume of distribution was increased in diseased chickens. 3. The biological half-life in normal chickens was 8.32 +/- 0.5 h and was prolonged in diseased birds (26.21 +/- 0.2 h). The body clearance of chloramphenicol was reduced in diseased chickens. 4. The rate of absorption of chloramphenicol was delayed after administration via the oral route but the extent of absorption was increased. The maximum concentration was higher and it was reached after a longer time in diseased than in normal chickens after administration by both intramuscular and oral routes.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1985

Comparative efficacy of orally and topically administered beta blockers for chronic simple glaucoma.

This open study of beta blockers in chronic simple glaucoma compared the efficacy of once daily (o.d.) oral nadolol therapy with twice daily (b.d.) topical timolol therapy. Sixty eight patients were randomly assigned to starting doses of either 20, 40, or 80 mg of nadolol o.d. (51 patients) or 0.25% timolol b.d. (17 patients) and were seen at weekly intervals for a four-week (short-term) period. Upward dosage titration (80 mg o.d. maximum, nadolol and 0.5% b.d. maximum, timolol) was permitted if, at any visit, the intraocular pressure (IOP) in either eye was greater than 21 mmHg. At the end of 4 weeks the IOPs of a comparable number of patients were controlled (IOP less than 22 mmHg) with 20 mg nadolol o.d. and 0.25% timolol b.d. The 40 mg and 80 mg o.d. nadolol regimens were comparable with each other, superior to the 20 mg regimen, and (at least) equivalent to 0.5% timolol. The absolute degree of IOP reduction achieved with oral nadolol was equivalent to that with topical timolol. Alterations in blood pressure and heart rate were predictably greater with the orally administered beta blocker. Long-term therapy (up to 24 months) in 28 nadolol patients and 5 timolol patients indicates no more likelihood of tolerance with nadolol therapy. Patient withdrawals from the study due to adverse reactions occurred with nadolol but not timolol. Since oral nadolol administered once daily is as efficacious as b.d. topical timolol, it can be recommended as first-line therapy for certain subsets of the glaucoma clinic population.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Development of the Regional Malaria Training Centre in Bandar-e Abbas, Islamic Republic of Iran.

The resurgence of malaria has highlighted the need for training health professionals in malaria control planning. The course described here was organized jointly by the World Health Organization, the Ministry of Health and Medical Education and the School of Public Health in Iran. The first course was held in 1997 and the fifth WHO-approved course is now in progress. The course focuses on dynamic, interactive, practical and problem-solving learning methods. It provides the participants with the knowledge, skills, competence and confidence to be able to analyse the malaria problem. The course fulfils the requirements of the Roll Back Malaria campaign. In the 8-week training period subjects such as basic bio-statistics and epidemiology, microcomputing, malaria parasitology, malaria entomology, vector control, case management, epidemiological approach to malaria control, field work and planning for malaria control are taught. Each participant is evaluated in each subject. A total of 71 participants from 17 countries in the WHO African and Eastern Mediterranean Regions, mainly those with a malaria problem, have graduated.

Accreditation↗