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Biomedical subjects

H Böhm

Publications and source records attributed to H Böhm.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Anderson type II fracture of the odontoid process: results of anterior screw fixation.

Controversy exists in the literature regarding the adequacy of one or two screws for direct fixation of the odontoid process. Proponents of the two-screw technique believe that a single screw is not adequate to stabilize the fracture. Conversely, the insertion of two 3.5-mm screws in the medullary cavity of the odontoid process is technically difficult and can jeopardize the surface area left for fracture healing. The authors conducted a prospective study of 30 cases with Anderson type II fracture of the odontoid process treated by direct anterior fixation using the two-screw technique. The screws used were 2.7-mm cortical screws manufactured from titanium. Two C-arms were used to control reduction of the displaced fracture and for its direct anterior stabilization. The operation was performed with the patients under general anesthesia. The anterolateral incision was made at the level of C4 to facilitate exposure of the C2-C3 disk and for fracture fixation. No evidence of nonunion was encountered. Spontaneous fusion of the C2-C3 segment was found in one case. Limitation of rotation of the cervical spine was a subjective description in a single case. No major complications were attributed to the surgical technique. The two 2.7-mm self-tapping titanium cortical screws provided adequate stability for fixation of type II odontoid fractures.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[The cervicogenic headache from the spiral surgery point of view--a pilot study].

In a retrospective analysis of 299 consecutive patients with degenerative cervical spine disease the incidence of cervicogenic headache and the results of conservative and operative therapy have been investigated. Cervicogenic headache was noted in 117 of 299 patients (40%). 73 of those patients were treated conservatively. The cervicogenic headache resolved in 10% or improved in 27% and remained unchanged in 63% of the patients. 44 of these patients were operated by ventral discectomy, which was indicated in case of neurological deficit and painful shoulder-arm syndrome refractory to conservative treatment. In none of these patients the operation was indicated by the cervicogenic headache. In the postoperative follow-up with a mean of 6 months the headache resolved in 20%, improved in 60% and remained unchanged in 20% of the patients. These results suggest the existence of a cervicogenic headache, i.e. a headache due to disorders of the cervical spine, and the chance of successful operative treatment.

English Abstract↗
PubMed1999

Flavonols and flavones of parsley cell suspension culture change the antioxidative capacity of plasma in rats.

The flavonoid aglycones from an illuminated parsley (Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Nym.) cell suspension culture were identified and quantified as the flavones apigenin, luteolin and chrysoeriol and the flavonols kaempferol, quercetin and isorhamnetin. Flavonoid extracts from these cultures were purified by solid phase extraction from RP C-18 phase and given by gavage to rats. Only extract from illuminated culture increased the antioxidative capacity (AOC) of blood plasma temporarily with maximum values after 1 h. It is concluded that the course of AOC reflects changes in the plasma content of flavonoids.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Plasma catecholamines, atrial natriuretic peptide and blood lactate responses during upright bicycle ergometry with incremental steps adapted to individual maximal work capacity.

To assess whether hormone and metabolic responses in an upright bicycle exercise test are equivalent for subjects with different physical characteristics if test duration for reaching individual maximal work capacity (PWCmax) is standardized we investigated plasma catecholamines, human atrial natriuretic peptide (hANP) and blood lactate responses in twenty healthy sedentary subjects. Ten male (38.5 +/- 4.7 yrs) and ten female (34.5 +/- 6.4 yrs) healthy volunteers performed two ergometries, a first one with incremental steps of 25 Watts each for two minutes to determine PWCmax, and a second one with incremental steps of PWCmax/6. According to this definition a test duration of 12 min was attained for all subjects for the second ergometry. The results show that the increase of the rate pressure product (RPP) as an index of relative cardiac work is significantly different between the male and female group in the test with constant 25 Watts steps. But with the modified exercise test RPP/time-slopes are nearly identical, identicating equivalent cardiac work due to gender and body surface. Similar results are obtained for plasma catecholamines, hANP and blood lactate. Mean values did not differ in the modified exercise test between the male and female group either in the sub-maximal range or at PWCmax. In conclusion, our data suggest that in a maximal exercise test with equal test duration, and considering individual physical properties for the calculation of incremental steps hormonal and metabolic responses are equivalent. It seems that the designed, modified exercise test provides inter-individual comparisons at least for these investigated parameters. The test may be helpful if catecholamines, hANP or lactate are used as diagnostic parameters in patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Flavonols, flavone and anthocyanins as natural antioxidants of food and their possible role in the prevention of chronic diseases].

Flavonoids are non-nutritive compounds of plants that have been intensively investigated during the past years due to their possible protective effects against chronic diseases. In vitro studies were able to demonstrate for flavonols, flavones, and most recently also for anthocyanins a considerable antioxidative activity, mainly based on scavenging of oxygen radicals. Flavonols and anthocyanins are commonly found in European fruits and vegetables. In addition, black tea and red wine may have a high content of these compounds. Those food items are the main sources of flavonol consumption each contributing to a different degree to the overall intake. The absorption of aglycones has been established before. However, only recently could the absorption of flavonolglycosides be demonstrated. The mean intake of flavonols of the German population was calculated using data from the National German Food Consumption Survey. According to this analysis, the daily per capita intake was about 11.5 mg flavonols, mainly derived from fruits and vegetables, but also from black tea and red wine. Epidemiological studies have been directed to investigate the association between flavonol consumption and diseae risk. An inverse association between flavonol intake and mortality from myocardial infarction was observed. According to one of three studies, the flavonoid intake can be inversely correlated with cancer risk. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the occurrence, intake, bioavailability, and antioxidative properties of flavonols, flavones, and anthocyanins as well as the associations between flavonol intake and disease risks. Possible health related effects especially of flavonols are critically reflected, and the necessity of further research in outlined.

Anthocyanins↗
PubMed1997

Mammalian homologues of C. elegans PAR-1 are asymmetrically localized in epithelial cells and may influence their polarity.

The establishment of polarity in the embryo is fundamental for the correct development of an organism [1]. The first cleavage of the Caenorhabditis elegans embryo is asymmetric with certain cytoplasmic components being distributed unequally between the daughter cells [2-4]. Using a genetic screen, Kemphues and co-workers have identified six par genes (partition-defective) [5,6], which are involved in the process of asymmetric division. One of these genes encodes a highly conserved protein, PAR-1, which is a serine/threonine kinase that localizes asymmetrically to the posterior part of the zygote and to those blastocysts that give rise to the germ line [7-9]. We reasoned that the mammalian homologue of PAR-1 (mPAR-1) might be involved in the process of polarization of epithelial cells, which consist of apical and basolateral membrane domains. We found that mPAR-1 was expressed in a wide variety of epithelial tissues and cell lines and was associated with the cellular cortex. In polarized epithelial cells, mPAR-1 was asymmetrically localized to the lateral domain. A fusion protein lacking the kinase domain had the same localization as the full-length protein but its prolonged expression acted in a dominant-negative fashion: lateral adhesion of the transfected cells to neighbouring cells was diminished, resulting in the former cells being 'squeezed out' from the monolayer. Moreover, the polarity of these cells was disturbed resulting in mislocalization of E-cadherin. Thus, in the C. elegans embryo and in epithelial cells, polarity appears to be governed by similar mechanisms.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Clonal structure and pathogenicity of Shiga-like toxin-producing, sorbitol-fermenting Escherichia coli O157:H-.

We compared a collection of sorbitol-fermenting (SF) Escherichia coli O157:H- strains with SF E. coli O157:H45 and non-SF E. coli O157:H7 and E. coli O157:H- strains by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. The SF E. coli O157:H- strains had identical or closely related XbaI patterns that differed markedly from those for the other E. coli O157 strains. Plasmid content and the presence of Shiga-like toxin-converting phages were determined for the SF E. coli O157:H- strains, indicating that these strains harbor a single 90-kb plasmid. They are lysogenized by toxin-converting phages and harbor the eae gene. Nonmotile E. coli O157 strains were observed to adhere more efficiently to HEp-2 cells than the motile strains. From their phenotypic and genotypic features, the SF E. coli O157:H- strains may well represent a new clone with non-SF E. coli O157:H7 pathogenic characteristics.

Bacterial Adhesion↗
PubMed1992

Molecular detection of sorbitol-fermenting Escherichia coli O157 in patients with hemolytic-uremic syndrome.

Shiga-like toxin-producing Escherichia coli strains of serogroup O157 were identified in 26 of 104 patients with hemolytic-uremic syndrome and in 18 of 668 patients with diarrhea. All strains were identified by colony hybridization with DNA probes complementary to Shiga-like toxin I and Shiga-like toxin II gene sequences and characterized by biochemical tests and serotyping. Seventeen of these 44 patients had E. coli O157 strains which were unusual because they fermented sorbitol within 24 h of incubation and were positive for beta-glucuronidase activity. Culture filtrates of these sorbitol-fermenting strains were highly toxic to Vero cells in culture. Serological tests and DNA analysis performed by restriction endonuclease digestion of B-subunit toxin genes revealed that all 17 isolates produced Shiga-like toxin II. Although by using molecular probes we established a high frequency of sorbitol-fermenting E. coli O157 strains in the patients we examined, further studies on the prevalence of such isolates in other areas of endemic disease are clearly warranted.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

DNA fingerprinting of Escherichia coli O157:H7 strains by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.

Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of genomic DNA was carried out on Escherichia coli O157:H7 strains from different geographic locations to determine its value in an epidemiological survey of O157 infections. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of XbaI-digested DNA fragments clearly separated E. coli O157:H7 strains from nontoxigenic E. coli O157:H19, O157:H43, and O157:H45 strains and from Shiga-like-toxin-producing E. coli strains of other serogroups. However, among the E. coli O157:H7 strains, the restriction patterns either were identical or differed only by a few fragment bands. In some cases, it was therefore impossible to distinguish among epidemiologically unrelated strains. Hybridization experiments with a DNA probe complementary to Shiga-like toxin II sequences revealed that the Shiga-like toxin II genes were located on DNA fragments of different lengths. Our data show that for a single highly conserved clone, such as E. coli O157:H7, other typing techniques may need to be performed in addition to DNA fingerprinting in epidemiological surveys.

Bacterial Toxins↗
PubMed1991

The 5'-untranslated region of p23 mRNA from the Ehrlich ascites tumor is involved in translation control of the growth related protein p23.

The growth-related protein p23 of the Ehrlich ascites tumor (EAT) is preferentially expressed in the exponentially growing tumor; its synthesis is translationally controlled. p23 mRNA is efficiently translated in the wheat germ cell-free lysate. In contrast, p23 mRNA present in poly(A)+RNA isolated from EAT is not translated in cell-free systems of EAT and reticulocytes. Moreover, translation of a p23 transcript is inhibited in the presence of total poly(A)+RNA. This inhibition is abolished by the removal of the 5'-UTR of the p23 transcript. Solution hybridization/RNase protection experiments point to the presence of a nucleotide sequence complementary to the 5'-UTR of p23 mRNA which might be involved in p23 mRNA inhibition.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Polysegmental lumbar osteotomies and transpedicled fixation for correction of long-curved kyphotic deformities in ankylosing spondylitis. Report on 177 cases.

Despite conservative therapy in ankylosing spondylitis, kyphotic deformities are common. Mono-segmental lumbar osteotomy had a high complication rate. Therefore, a poly-segmental lordosis osteotomy of the lumbar spine was introduced in four to six segments using trans-pedicled screws and threaded rods in eight to ten segments (isolated correction is possible for each segment). Instead of dangerous short kinking, a poly-segmental lordosis osteotomy results in harmonious lordosis with a correction per segment of about 10 degrees, and complications are decreased. Of 177 patients undergoing the operation, there was a 2.3% mortality rate with cardiopulmonary problems, 2.3% with irreversible complications, and 18.1% with reversible complications, mostly small root lesions, of which 7% were reoperated. The 173 surviving patients had a correction of 43%, and improvement in body height of 9 cm, and improvement of flexion by 57%. Fifty-three patients have been followed for more tha 18 months. the visual axis in all cases was horizontal. No pseudoarthrosis occurred. After correction, the frequent spondylodiscitis healed. Ninety-two percent were pain free compared with 15% before the operation. Loss of correction of body height was 20%, of flexion 4%, and of the lordosis 7%, which was 18% in 37 patients after three years.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Correction and stabilization of angular kyphosis.

Reconstruction of normal geometric relationships, regardless of original pathology, has to be the goal when treating angular kyphosis. Since anterior and posterior spinal structures are involved, successful decompression, correction, and stabilization require both dorsal and ventral surgery. By using segmental transpedicled and ventrolateral Instrumentation System implants, permanent fixation can be achieved. As a result, the length of the compression spondylodesis and fusion time are short. pedicular anchorage and implant design leave the joints and ligamentum flavum of healthy neighboring segments untouched. In the last five years, over 570 kyphotic deformities, including congenital kyphosis, spondylitis, tumors, and acute and neglected fractures, have been treated with this method. During a three- to five-year follow-up period of 40 patients with posttraumatic kyphoses, no additional neurologic damage, pseudarthrosis, or substantial loss of correction occurred.

Female↗