[Spatial and temporal resolution with 16-slice computed tomography for cardiac imaging].
The use of the CT scanner for cardiac imaging is mainly influenced by the spatial and temporal resolution that can be achieved with the applied technologies and procedures. The data acquisition with 16 x 0.5 mm scan slice thickness and a special multisegment image reconstruction procedure are a new combination for accurate imaging of the cardiac morphology. A 0.5 mm slice thickness and an overlapping pitch < 0.35 generate an isotropic image voxel of 0.35 x 0.35 x 0.35 mm. The object size of a coronary artery with a diameter of 2.5 mm amounts to a relative spatial blurring factor K (d) of approximately 15 %. The segment reconstruction with 4 segments from 4 consecutive cardiac cycles requires the optimum acquisition time of 50 ms for one frame. The relative exposure factor K (t) with reference to the R-R interval is an appropriate measure to validate the influence of coronary artery movement on the image quality at different heart rates. This relative exposure varies between 10 % and 20 % for a heart rate of 40 to 140 beats per minutes (bpm) and its mean is approximated by a linear trend function with K (t) = 14 %. A constant value in this linear trend function means a constant "blurring" of the imaged coronary arteries, independent of the actual heart rate. Thus, computed tomographic examinations can be carried out for heart rates between 40 and 140 bpm without using beta-blocking medication. Case studies of the 3D reconstruction and curved reformatting of coronary arteries with stents and calcifications show the achievable image quality at different heart rates.