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H Bando

Publications and source records attributed to H Bando.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Sequence of the fusion protein gene of human parainfluenza type 2 virus and its 3' intergenic region: lack of small hydrophobic (SH) gene.

cDNA clones representing the fusion (F) gene of human parainfluenza virus type 2 (PIV-2) were isolated from cDNA libraries constructed from virus-specific mRNA and genomic RNA, and the complete nucleotide sequence of the F gene was determined. The F gene is 1854 nucleotides long and encodes one long open reading frame of 551 amino acids. The cleavage site for activation of the precursor Fo protein is Thr-Arg-Gln-Lys-Arg. The F gene of PIV-2 is most closely related to those of simian virus 5 (SV5) and mumps virus (MuV). Interestingly, although the HN glycoprotein of PIV-2 shows no relatedness to the HA glycoprotein of measles virus (MV), a distinct homology is found in the F proteins of PIV-2 and MV. As concerns F proteins, paramyxoviruses can be divided into two subgroups; that is, PIV-2, SV5, and MuV belong to one group, and HPIV-1, SV, and PIV-3 belong to the other group. Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and MV are intermediate. Coding regions for small hydrophobic (SH) proteins have been found between the HN and F genes of SV5 and MuV, which are the viruses most closely related to PIV-2. However, such a gene could not be detected in two different strains of PIV-2.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1990

Sequence analysis of the phosphoprotein (P) genes of human parainfluenza type 4A and 4B viruses and RNA editing at transcript of the P genes: the number of G residues added is imprecise.

We cloned and sequenced the cDNAs against genomic RNAs and mRNAs for phosphoproteins (Ps) of human parainfluenza virus types 4A (PIV-4A) and 4B (PIV-4B). The PIV-4A and -4B P genes were 1535 nucleotides including poly(A) tract and were found to have two small open reading frames, neither of which was apparently large enough to encode the P protein. A cluster of G residues was found in genomic RNA and the number of G residues was 6 in both PIV-4A and -4B. However, the number of G residues at the corresponding site in the mRNAs to the genomic RNA was not constant. Three different mRNA cDNA clones were obtained; the first type of mRNA encodes a larger (P) protein of 399 amino acids, the second type encodes V protein of 229 or 230 amino acids, and the third type encodes the smallest protein (156 amino acids). Comparisons on the nucleotide and the amino acid sequences P and V proteins between these two subtypes revealed extensive homologies. However, these homology degrees are lower than that of NP protein. The C-terminal regions of the P and V proteins of PIV-4s could be aligned with all other Paramyxoviruses, PIV-2, mumps virus (MuV), simian virus 5 (SV 5), Newcastle disease virus (NDV), measles virus (MV), canine distemper virus (CDV), Sendai virus (SV), and PIV-3. On the other hand, the P-V common (N-terminal) regions showed no homology with MV, CDV, SV, and PIV-3. Seven phylogenetic trees of Paramyxoviruses were constructed from the entire and partial regions of P and V proteins.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1990

Sequence analysis of P gene of human parainfluenza type 2 virus: P and cysteine-rich proteins are translated by two mRNAs that differ by two nontemplated G residues.

We cloned and sequenced the cDNAs against genomic RNA and mRNA for phosphoprotein (P) of human parainfluenza type 2 virus (PIV-2). cDNA clone from genomic RNA was 1439 nucleotides in length excluding poly(A) and was found to have two small open reading frames encoding proteins of 233 and 249 amino acids. Two different mRNA cDNA clones were obtained; that is, one mRNA contained a smaller reading frame coding 225 amino acids, V protein, and the other mRNA contained a larger reading frame coding 395 amino acids, P protein. Both mRNAs had G cluster in coding frame. The former mRNA contained seven G residues, and two extra G residues were inserted in the latter mRNA. Ten cDNA clones from the genomic RNA were identical and were composed of seven G residues, indicating that genomes analyzed here were a homogeneous population. Therefore, V protein is encoded by faithfully copied mRNA and P protein is translated from mRNA in which two additional G residues are nontemplately inserted immediately after seven genomically encoded G residues. The V and P proteins are amino coterminal proteins and have different C termini. The C terminus of V protein is cysteine-rich and bears some resemblance to metal-binding protein of the zinc finger-type motif. P protein sequence of PIV-2 showed high homologies with SV 5 (40.4%) and mumps virus (35.5%), and a moderate homology with Newcastle disease virus (20.6%). On the other hand, very little homology was found between PIV-2 and other paramyxoviruses including Sendai virus, PIV-3, and measles virus. The cysteine-rich region in V protein was found to be highly conserved in PIV-2, SV 5, and measles virus, suggesting that V protein of paramyxoviruses plays important roles in transcription and/or replication. The predicted cysteine-rich V protein was detected in virus-infected cells using antiserum directed against an oligopeptide specific for the predicted V polypeptide.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1990

Antiviral effect of 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine, antagonist of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, on replication of human parainfluenza virus type 2.

The antiviral effects of 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine (L-DON) on the replication of human parainfluenza virus type 2 (HPIV-2), mumps and vesicular stomatitis viruses were studied. L-DON suppressed growth of these viruses and, in particular, HPIV-2 in four cell types. L-DON was not toxic to the cells at the active dose and did not significantly inhibit cellular macromolecular synthesis. The L-DON-sensitive step of HPIV-2 replication was considered to be relatively early. The NP, P and M proteins were, although at a low level, clearly detectable in HPIV-2-infected Vero cells treated with L-DON, whereas the HN and F proteins were scarcely detected by either immunostaining or immunoprecipitation, indicating that L-DON mainly decreased the amounts of viral glycoproteins. Furthermore, Northern blot hybridization showed that secondary transcription of virus RNA was also inhibited.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Immunological relationships of simian virus 41 (SV41) to other paramyxoviruses and serological evidence of SV41 infection in human populations.

Antigenic relationships of simian virus 41 (SV41) to other paramyxoviruses were examined by immunoprecipitation of isotope-labelled SV41-infected cell lysates with specific antisera. SV41 is closely related to the group comprising human parainfluenza virus 2 (HPIV-2), simian virus 5 (SV5), parainfluenza virus 4 and mumps virus. Slight cross-neutralization was detected between SV41, HPIV-2 and SV5. Anti-SV41 activities were detected in 21 of 1116 human serum specimens, indicating that a proportion of the human population is infected with SV41. The haemagglutinin-neuraminidase of SV41 was preferentially immunoprecipitated by anti-SV41 positive sera.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[A case of intrapulmonary lymph node simulating small carcinoma of the lung].

A 48-year-old male was admitted for further examination of a coin lesion with a diameter of 8 mm seen on chest X-ray. The patient was a heavy smoker and his serum level of CEA was elevated to 29.8 ng/ml. Since the broncho-fiberscopic examination was not able to yield a definitive diagnosis, an operation was performed as lung cancer was suspected. According to the histological examination, the small nodule was diagnosed as an intrapulmonary lymph node with anthracosis and silicotic nodules. A review of the limited number of case reports shows that men are more prone to intrapulmonary lymph nodes, and that the patients were all smokers but not necessarily with occupational experience of exposure to silica.

Carcinoma, Small Cell↗
PubMed1989

Incomplete replication of human parainfluenza virus type 2 in mouse L929 cells.

Human parainfluenza virus type 2 (HPIV-2) was tested for its ability to replicate in murine L929 cells. L929 cells were non-permissive for replication of HPIV-2. Interferon produced endogenously played no role in its incomplete replication. The mechanism by which growth of HPIV-2 was suppressed in L929 cells was studied. Synthesis of virus-specific polypeptides, particularly glycoprotein(s), was suppressed in HPIV-2-infected L929 cells. The HN mRNA could scarcely be detected in virus-infected L929 cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Isolation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to human parainfluenza virus type 4 and their use in revealing antigenic relation between subtypes 4A and 4B.

Eighty monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against parainfluenza virus type 4(PIV-4) were isolated and characterized. Of 50 MAbs against PIV-4A, 14 reacted with the nucleocapsid (NP) protein, 11 with the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) glycoprotein, 6 with the fusion (F) glycoprotein, and 19 with the matrix (M) protein. With the aid of the PIV-4A and PIV-2 specific MAbs showing cross-reactivity with PIV-4B, the structural proteins of PIV-4B were identified. gp72, p65, gp65, gp55, p53, and p40 of PIV-4B were assigned to HN, NP, Fo, F1, P, and M proteins, respectively. Based on the results, specificities of the MAbs against PIV-4B were determined. Of 30 hybridoma clones against PIV-4B, 13 clones were found to produce antibodies against the NP protein, 7 against the HN protein, and 10 against the F protein. Epitope mapping of these MAbs was performed with competitive binding assays in ELISA. According to their biological activities, the MAbs against the HN protein of either PIV-4A or 4B could be divided into three groups. The first group showed high hemagglutination inhibition (HI), hemolysis inhibition (HLI), and neutralizing (NT) activities. The second group showed high NT activity, but could not block hemagglutination. The final group showed a lower level of all activities. The MAbs against the F protein of PIV-4A and against PIV-4B were divided into two groups. Some MAbs against the F protein had high titer of NT, suggesting that the F protein had neutralizing-related epitopes. Antigenicity of the NP protein was highly conserved among subtypes of PIV-4. On the other hand, the MAbs against the HN and the F proteins showed high reactivity with the homologous subtype viruses, but low reactivity with the heterologous subtype viruses, indicating that the external glycoproteins exhibited antigenic variations between two subtypes of PIV-4. When the immunological interrelationship among various paramyxoviruses was analyzed. PIV-4 was found to be antigenically related to PIV-2, SV 5, and mumps virus.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Extensive antigenic diversity among human parainfluenza type 2 virus isolates and immunological relationships among paramyxoviruses revealed by monoclonal antibodies.

A panel of 128 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) directed against hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN), fusion (F), matrix (M), and polymerase (P) proteins, and nucleoprotein (NP) of the Toshiba strain of human parainfluenza type 2 virus (PIV2) was prepared to examine the antigenic relationships among clinical isolates of PIV2 and among paramyxoviruses by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The HN proteins of 18 clinical isolates of PIV2 showed extensive antigenic diversity: 23 of 33 anti-HN MAbs showed no or limited reactivity to many isolates, while other structural proteins were antigenically well conserved. Some anti-HN MAbs recognizing conserved epitopes of the isolates exhibited two types of neutralizing activity, that is, these antibodies inhibited viral infectivity through attachment inhibition or fusion inhibition. This result also showed the presence of a potential third function of the HN protein which might affect the fusing activity of the F protein besides the hemagglutinating and neuraminidase activities. Many of the anti-NP and anti-P MAbs reacted with simian virus 41 (SV41) and simian virus 5 (SV5), whereas a few reacted with mumps virus or PIV4. Two of 6 anti-F MAbs reacted with SV41. None of the 128 MAbs showed reactivity with PIV1, PIV3, Newcastle disease virus (NDV), and measles virus. This result confirmed antigenic proximity of SV5 and SV41 to PIV2 and revealed comparatively restricted immunological relatedness among PIV2, PIV4, and mumps virus.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1989

Virus-specific polypeptides of human parainfluenza virus type 4 and their synthesis in infected cells.

We have studied the structural components of human parainfluenza virus type 4A (PIV-4A) and identified some virus-specific polypeptides by immunoprecipitation with polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies followed by one- or two-dimensional SDS-PAGE. HN polypeptides existed as monomer, disulfide-linked dimer, and disulfide-linked larger oligomer in cells infected with PIV-4A. Interestingly, the nonreduced NP, the nonreduced fusion, and the reduced F1 proteins migrated as doublets. Two F1 polypeptides were derived from different F1 + 2 proteins which migrated separately under nonreducing condition. In Vero cells infected with two strains of PIV-4A, two lower-molecular-weight proteins related to NP were detected. Oligopeptide patterns of the lower-molecular-weight protein were similar to those of NP protein synthesized in primary monkey kidney cells. The NP-related low-molecular-weight protein(s) was immunoprecipitated by 1 of 11 monoclonal antibodies against mumps virus NP protein. The MAb also reacted with NP proteins of PIV-2 and SV5. Thus, the epitope recognized by the MAb was common among PIV-2, PIV-4, mumps virus, and SV5, suggesting that the epitope might have an important biological function. However, the MAb did not react with the intact NP protein from cells infected with PIV-4, indicating that the epitope of PIV-4A was presented only when NP was cleaved. Phosphorylation was demonstrated for NP and P proteins.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Immunological response of monkeys infected intranasally with human parainfluenza virus type 4.

This report describes our attempt to establish an experimental animal model for human parainfluenza virus type 4A (HPIV-4A) and 4B (HPIV-4B) infection, which was used to study the immune response to the viruses. Monkeys were inoculated intranasally with the viruses, and at 10 weeks post-infection they were re-infected with homologous subtype viruses. Virus-specific IgM and IgG serum antibodies were measured by ELISA. A small peak of IgM antibody was detected in the monkeys re-infected with HPIV-4B, whereas this response was not detected after re-infection with HPIV-4A. Virus-specific IgA and IgE antibodies were not detected in sera following infection and re-infection with HPIV-4. However virus-specific IgA and IgE antibodies were found in the saliva and nasal exudates of monkeys infected with either HPIV-4A or -4B. Re-infection of monkeys with HPIV-4B also stimulated an IgA and IgE response. To our knowledge this is the first description of an experimental animal. The kinetics of haemagglutinin-inhibition and neutralization (NT) antibodies were similar to that of virus-specific IgG antibodies. The NT titres of sera from HPIV-4A-infected monkeys were enhanced by the addition of complement, whereas complement did not affect the NT activity of sera obtained from HPIV-4B-infected animals. Antigenic specificities of IgG antibody induced by HPIV-4 infection were analysed with radioimmunoprecipitation followed by SDS-PAGE. Anti-NP, -HN and -F antibodies appeared 2 weeks after infection, and the highest titres were found 2 weeks after re-infection. Anti-F antibody production followed a biphasic pattern previously observed in mumps virus infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Evaluation of hypothalamic-pituitary function in a combination of tests with four hypothalamic releasing hormones and L-dopa in normal subjects and in patients with hypothalamic and/or pituitary disorders.

Hypothalamic-pituitary function was evaluated in a combination of tests with four hypothalamic releasing hormones (4RHs) and L-dopa in normal subjects and in patients with hypothalamic and/or pituitary disorders. Plasma concentrations of anterior pituitary hormones (GH, ACTH, TSH, PRL, LH and FSH) were measured before and after simultaneous iv administration of GHRH, CRH, TRH and LHRH. In addition, changes in the plasma levels of GHRH and GH were investigated before and after oral administration of L-dopa. Normal subjects showed appreciable responses to both tests. In five patients with hypothalamic disorders, the response of plasma anterior pituitary hormones varied, but plasma GHRH and GH did not respond to L-dopa. Patients with idiopathic and postpartum hypopituitarism showed low response to 4RHs or none at all, but L-dopa evoked a normal GHRH response in 2 of the 4 cases having no GH response. In the patients with hypopituitarism due to resection of a pituitary tumor, the response of anterior pituitary hormones to 4RHs was low, and L-dopa administration induced a normal GHRH and low GH response in 5 out of the 7 cases. After 4RHs administration, the patients with ACTH deficiency syndrome showed different patterns of impaired ACTH secretion, and isolated, combined or limited ACTH reserve. Seven patients with anorexia nervosa showed exaggerated GH, delayed TSH and FSH, low ACTH and LH, that is, normal PRL response to 4RHs, but no response of plasma GHRH or GH to L-dopa, suggesting the presence of hypothalamic dysfunction. These results indicate that the combination of the 4RHs test and L-dopa test is a simple and useful means for evaluating hypothalamic-pituitary function by measuring the response of plasma GHRH and six anterior pituitary hormones in the patients with endocrine disorders.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Establishment of clinically healthy gingiva in Macaca irus].

UNLABELLED: The purpose of this study was to assess the methods of establishing of clinically (experimental) healthy gingiva and to evaluate the status of healthy gingiva in Macaca irus. Three monkeys (2 males and 1 female) were used. After preliminary feeding with hard food for 6 months, plaque control procedures (scrubbing method, modified Stillman method, and flossing) were started. Frequency of plaque removal was three times per week under KETALAR (SANKYO, Co. Tokyo), dissociative anesthesia. We also monitored clinical data. RESULTS: 1. Forty-nine days later, clinically healthy gingiva were achieved. During this period, no side effects and no tolerance occurred using 12.5 mg/kg of KETALAR, and effective time to perform the procedure was 21.8 minutes. 2. Depending on the plaque control procedure, plaque index (P11), gingival index (GI), and probing depth (PD) were reduced (especially in the first week). However, the level of marginal gingiva (LMG) did not change. 3. Initially and throughout the experiment, PII, GI, PD were lower value in lower jaws, but by the end of experiment there were no differences between the two jaws in PII and PD. However, GI was still lower in the lower jaw at this time. There were no differences between the data for the right and left sides of the jaws at any time throughout the experiment. 4. At the end of experiment, the clinically (experimental) healthy gingiva yielded the following data: PII, 1.7 +/- 0.61; GI, 0.1 +/- 0.60; PD, 1.3 +/- 0.53. No individual differences were found in any of the monkeys at the end of experiment.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[A case of traumatic subclavian steal syndrome].

A 44-year-old man who had sustained injuries to the chest and left upper extremity was admitted to our hospital. The radial pulse was not palpated at the left wrist. Angiography showed occlusion of the left subclavian artery with mediastinal hematoma. The left vertebral artery filled in a retrograde direction and the distal left subclavian artery could be visualized by filling from the left vertebral artery. He had no ischemic neurological symptom but was immediately operated on to prevent hemorrhage. Through a median sternotomy the injured portion of the left subclavian artery was removed and replaced by a dacron prosthesis. The specimen represented that the artery was completely divided and occluded with thrombus. Recovery was uneventful. This was the seventh case of traumatic subclavian steal syndrome. Vascular repair should be made soon in traumatic subclavian steal syndrome because collateral circulation is poor compared with that in arteriosclerotic obstruction.

Adult↗