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Biomedical subjects

H Binder

Publications and source records attributed to H Binder.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Behavioural and psychosocial sequelae of severe closed head injury and regional cerebral blood flow: a SPECT study.

Thirty six patients (31 male, 5 female) who had suffered severe closed head injury were re-examined at an average of 39.3 (SD 12.8, range 7-66) months after the injury. Behavioural symptoms were measured using the Giessen test. The relatives' reports were used for data analysis to ensure that results were valid. The neurophysical impairment subscale of the Glasgow assessment schedule was completed by two neurologists, and the number connection test was completed by each patient. The adjective mood scale was completed by each relative. All patients were investigated by single photon emission computerised tomography (SPECT). Exploratory factor analysis using the principal components method was carried out separately for SPECT results and psychological measures and correlations were sought between the resulting factors. Factor analysis of the data from the Giessen test identified social isolation, disinhibition, and aggressive behaviour as major components of post-traumatic personality changes; it indicates that these behavioural features are independent of the level of neurological and neuropsychological impairment, which loaded on a single independent factor. Relatives' psychic health seemed to be relatively resistant to physical and cognitive disability and was mainly affected by disinhibitive behaviour. The highest correlation was between frontal flow indices and disinhibitive behaviour (p less than 0.01): the severity of disinhibition increased with lower frontal flow rates. There was a significant but somewhat weaker correlation (p less than 0.05) between flow indices of the left cerebral hemisphere and social isolation. Low flow values of the right brain regions were related to aggressive behaviour (p less than 0.05). Neurological and cognitive impairment correlated negatively with the thalamus; worse neurological and cognitive performance indicate by raised scores on the neurophysical scale and on the number connection test was associated with low thalamic flow values. The results support the importance of lesion location in the production of post traumatic behavioural disorders.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Perspective in the incidence of Alzheimer's disease in Austria by the year 2050].

Population projections of the Austrian Central Statistical Office show a dramatic increase in the proportion of people of 65 years of age and over in Austria by the year 2050. Since this population group is at higher risk to develop Alzheimer's disease (AD/SDAT), it will be necessary to modify the currently available facilities for social and medical care to meet this increasing demand. Based on official demographic data and epidemiological findings of the "Eurodem" group, our computations show that the number of persons with AD/SDAT aged 65 or over will rise from 48,000 at present to over 113,500 in 2050 (1990: 614/100,000, 2050: 1505/100,000 persons of the total population), equivalent to an increase of 140%. By forecasting the number of persons affected, it should be possible to intensify (and in some areas introduce) long-term health planning with respect to the social, financial and medical care of aged, demented people in Austria.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

[Epidemiologic progression of dementia diseases in Austria until the year 2050].

Population projections of the Austrian Central Statistical Office show a dramatic increase of the proportion of people of 65 years of age and over in Austria until the year 2050. Since this population group is at higher risk to develop dementia, it will be necessary to suitably modify the presently available facilities for social and medical care to meet this increasing demand. Based on official demographic data and epidemiological findings of the "Eurodem"-group (12) our computations show that the number of demented persons, aged 65 or over, will rise from presently 80,000 to over 189,000 in 2050 (1990: 1,023/100,000, 2050: 2,509/100,000 persons of the total population), equivalent to an increase by 140%. By forecasting the number of persons affected, it should be possible to intensify (and in some areas introduce) long-term health planning in respect of aged people, dementia and social, financial and medical care in Austria.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

MRI in basal ganglia diseases.

76 patients suffering from different basal ganglia diseases (28 cases with M. Parkinson, secondary parkinsonism and Parkinson diseases; 5 cases with Chorea Huntington; 5 cases with Fahr disease and 38 cases with M. Wilson) MRI featured 2 characteristical patterns: 1. abnormal deposition of minerals, 2. focal atrophies of involved organs. Thus MRI provides with informations about: 1. differential diagnosis in clinically misleading courses, 2. stage and, as a consequence, prognosis of some diseases, 3. biochemical processes of diseases in vivo.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Depression, nonverbal intellectual impairment and quality of life following left-brain ischemic insult--results of a catamnestic study].

The purpose of the present study was to establish the relationship between persisting aphasia and the extent of overall disability in the long-term outcome following left hemisphere ischaemic stroke. 55 right-handed patients who had sustained an initial left-sided cerebral infarction, verified by CT scan, were investigated after a mean observation period of six years. 39 patients were categorized as being non-aphasic, and 16 as being aphasic (3 Global, 6 Broca's, 1 conduction, 1 transcortical motor and 5 anomic aphasics) at the end of the follow-up period. Regarding motor and sensory functions, a correlation between the presence of aphasia and the severity of deficits could be established at the end of the follow-up period. With respect to activities of daily living, a significantly larger number of aphasic stroke victims had to rely on help by others. Furthermore, the persistence of aphasia also negatively influenced the subsequent occupational capacity. With regard to social participation and leisure activities, a significant reduction was found in aphasic long-term stroke survivors as compared to non-aphasics. Concerning quality of life, both groups reported a marked decline at the end of the observation period; the presence of aphasia had an additional negative effect. However, as regards the long-term non-verbal cognitive impairment, statistical analysis revealed no significant differences between both groups. In addition, aphasic stroke survivors did not demonstrate a higher incidence of depressive states than those without language deficit. On the basis of our results it is concluded that the presence of aphasia in left-hemispheric ischaemic stroke survivors indicates a more severe stroke, resulting in greater physical disability and social handicap in the long-term outcome.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1990

Interaction of Triton X-100 and octyl glucoside with liposomal membranes at sublytic and lytic concentrations. Spectroscopic studies.

The molecular mechanism of the solubilisation of phospholipid bilayers by nonionic detergents was studied by turbidity changes, carboxyfluorescein fluorescence dequenching, steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy of DPH, lifetime measurements, ANS binding and 31P-NMR. Particular attention has been paid to the effective detergent-to-lipid ratio in the lipid phase. The disturbance of the bilayer arrangement varies considerably for various detergents depending on the hydrophilic and lipophilic parts of the molecule. Small amounts of detergents with low CMC (e.g. Triton X-100) can even induce an optimisation of packing of the lipid molecules.

1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine↗
PubMed1990

Rehabilitation of children and infants with osteogenesis imperfecta. A program for ambulation.

Management of children and infants with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) poses difficult decisions for pediatricians, orthopedists, and physiatrists. These children are frequently frail with disabling bone and joint deformities and fractures. In an eight-year cumulative management of 12 children with OI, a comprehensive program included strengthening exercises to the pelvic girdle and lower extremity muscles, in addition to pool exercises and molded seating to support upright posture. Long leg braces were fitted when the children were able to sit unsupported. All 12 were fitted with braces; nine were functional ambulators, and three were home ambulators. Six children required femoral plating or rodding, two of whom subsequently had the metal removed. Lower extremity fractures averaged one and one-half per year prior to bracing for nine children who had fractures. There was 0.83 fracture per year for the ten children who had fractures after bracing. The degree of femoral bowing increased in four, decreased in four, and remained unchanged in four, while the degree of tibial bowing increased in two, decreased in nine, and remained unchanged in one during the observation period. A comprehensive rehabilitation program and long leg bracing with surgical operations on the femur result in a high level of functional activity for children with OI with an acceptable level of risk for fracture.

Braces↗
PubMed1990

Spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage. Prognostic factors for social readjustment.

Sixty-seven patients surviving spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) have been followed up for 2-12 years (mean: 7 years) in order to determine prognostic factors concerning the long-term disability in familial and social functioning. A correlation was found between the severity of the neurological deficit at the time of admission and the degree of familial and social disability at the end of the observation period. In addition, the Barthel-Index on discharge was shown to be of prognostic value for readjustment for social--but not for familial--functioning. Other clinical variables in the acute stage, however, including source of bleeding, sex, age, interval between SAH and admission, level of consciousness, cognitive functions, as well as initial Hunt and Hess grading and Glasgow Coma Scale scoring, did not influence the long-term social prognosis. Furthermore, residual neurological signs, cognitive dysfunctions, and the Glasgow Outcome score on discharge were not related to the extent of social handicap in the long-term outcome. At the end of the observation period, significant correlations were found between the presence of persisting neurological and cognitive deficits but also disability in ADL functions and occupational capacity and the decline in familial and social functioning.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Synthesis of different nucleoside 5'-diphospho-sulfoquinovoses and their use for studies on sulfolipid biosynthesis in chloroplasts.

6-Sulfo-alpha-D-quinovopyranosyl phosphate was reacted with different nucleoside monophosphate morpholidates to form ADP-, CDP-, GDP- and UDP-sulfoquinovose. Analytical and preparative HPLC of these nucleotides was performed on reversed-phase columns using volatile buffer systems as eluant. The isolated compounds were characterized by NMR spectroscopy (except the CDP derivative) and used for an investigation of sulfolipid biosynthesis by chloroplasts. For this purpose intact spinach chloroplasts were biosynthetically preloaded with radioactive diacylglycerol to provide a sulfoquinovosyl acceptor. When sulfosugar nucleotides were added to such prelabelled intact organelles, the background levels of sulfolipid biosynthesis did not rise. On the other hand, after osmotic shock of prelabelled chloroplasts sulfolipid labelling was significantly increased by the addition of UDP- or GDP-sulfoquinovose. The same stimulation was observed with isolated envelope membranes, and UDP-sulfoquinovose proved to be twice as active as the GDP derivative. From these results it was concluded that the final step in sulfolipid biosynthesis is catalyzed by a UDP-sulfoquinovose: 1,2-diacylglycerol 3-O-alpha-D-sulfoquinovosyltransferase. This chloroplast enzyme cannot use exogenously supplied sulfosugar nucleotides, which as membrane-impermeable compounds are expected to be formed in vivo within chloroplasts.

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMed1989

[Prognostic factors for long-term mortality and risk of stroke in patients with transient ischemic attacks].

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the natural course of patients with transient ischaemic attacks and to determine prognostic factors concerning long-term mortality and the incidence of stroke. 159 patients, who were hospitalized after transient ischaemic attacks at the Neurological University Department Vienna during the years 1976 to 1985, were asked about the further course of their illness using questionnaires. 22 patients had moved to unknown addresses and the return rate of the remaining questionnaires was 73.0%. Thus, the results of 100 patients were included in the present study. The follow-up period was 71 +/- 32 months (x +/- s; range: 19-135 months). During the follow-up period, 11 patients had died and 25 had eventually incurred full-blown cerebral infarction. The following variables were analyzed for their prognostic relevance with respect to long-term mortality and stroke occurrence: sex, age, vessel territority involved clinically, number of vessel territories involved clinically, number of strokes, and severity of clinical symptoms. The clinical symptoms (motor deficits, sensory deficits, speech disorders, visual field defects and organic mental syndrome) were graded semiquantitatively and added up to a "total score". Age had a significant influence on survival, but not on stroke occurrence. All other variables had no significant impact on long-term mortality and stroke occurrence. It is concluded that transient ischaemic attacks are warning symptoms of an impending stroke. However, prognostic assumptions cannot be made of the basis of clinical features in this subacute stage. Thus, all patients suffering from transient ischaemic attacks should have a comprehensive and thorough vascular investigation as soon as possible.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Rehabilitation management of children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy.

Spastic diplegia has been recognized as the type of cerebral palsy most frequently associated with prematurity. Due to constantly improving neonatal care in developed countries, more and smaller premature infants are surviving, and the number of spastic diplegic children can be expected to increase. This paper reviews the incidence, pathophysiology, and associated handicaps of patients with this type of cerebral palsy. The role of the physiatrist and aspects of traditional management are discussed. Recent advances in treatment of spasticity and lower extremity bracing are stressed as they seem to be particularly suitable to spastic diplegic patients.

Cerebral Palsy↗
PubMed1989

Pediatric rehabilitation. 1. General principles and special considerations.

This self-directed learning module addresses core concepts in the assessment of any child with disability, including physical growth and development, evolution of reflexes, and cognitive and personality development. It is a section of the chapter on pediatric rehabilitation for the Self-Directed Medical Knowledge Program Study Guide for practitioners and trainees in physical medicine and rehabilitation. The rehabilitation perspective is emphasized, especially as it changes to accommodate the developing child, with a focus on specific chronic disorders such as respiratory disease, congenital heart disease, and malignancy. These types of disorders serve as a model for the management of problems that require special medical, rehabilitative, and psychosocial consideration.

Child↗
PubMed1989

Pediatric rehabilitation. 2. Brain damage causing disability.

This self-directed learning module addresses rehabilitation issues in the child with brain damage. It is a section of the chapter on pediatric rehabilitation for the Self-Directed Medical Knowledge Program Study Guide for practitioners and trainees in physical medicine and rehabilitation. In addition to the motor manifestations, intellectual, social, and emotional impairment are addressed. Problems vary with developmental stage. Emphasis is on the etiology, severity, and combination of deficits in order to develop a plan of management, including physical, occupational, and speech therapy, recreational and social milieu, and family and community resources.

Brain Damage, Chronic↗
PubMed1989

Pediatric rehabilitation. 3. Disorders of the spinal cord: spinal cord injury, myelodysplasia.

This self-directed learning module provides review and references for the basic concepts of, and highlights new advances in, disorders of the spinal cord in children. It is a section of the chapter on pediatric rehabilitation for the Self-Directed Medical Knowledge Program Study Guide for practitioners and trainees in physical medicine and rehabilitation. For spinal cord injury, only data pertinent to the pediatric age group are discussed. Myelodysplasia is presented in detail to include genetic implications, early intervention, long-term management planning, psychosocial impact, and quality-of-life considerations.

Child↗
PubMed1989

Pediatric rehabilitation. 4. Disorders of the motor unit.

This self-directed learning module addresses diagnostic and rehabilitation issues in children with the most common disorders of the motor unit. It is a section of the chapter on pediatric rehabilitation for the Self-Directed Medical Knowledge Program Study Guide for practitioners and trainees in physical medicine and rehabilitation. Conditions occurring only in infancy or childhood and differences in diagnostic and rehabilitation approaches as compared with those used in adults are highlighted.

Child↗
PubMed1989

Pediatric rehabilitation. 5. Joint and connective tissue diseases.

This self-directed learning module presents pertinent information about rehabilitation management of specific joint and connective tissue diseases affecting children. This section highlights juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, Lyme disease, rheumatic fever, hemophilia, dermatomyositis, polymyositis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and other forms of arthritis. It is a section of the chapter of pediatric rehabilitation for the Self-Directed Medical Knowledge Program Study Guide for practitioners and trainees in physical medicine and rehabilitation.

Child↗
PubMed1989

Pediatric rehabilitation. 6. Musculoskeletal and soft tissue disorders.

This self-directed learning module highlights advances in evaluation and treatment of congenital and acquired musculoskeletal disorders in the child. It is a section of the chapter on pediatric rehabilitation for the Self-Directed Medical Knowledge Program Study Guide for practitioners and trainees in physical medicine and rehabilitation. This section contains information on alterations of limb structure and gait, scoliosis, torticollis, sports injuries and overuse syndromes, and unexplained pain in children.

Arm Injuries↗