Biomedical subjects

H Borrman

Publications and source records attributed to H Borrman.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1998

Tooth wear and temporomandibular joint morphology in a skull material from the 17th century.

Skeletal remnants from the skulls of 69 subjects from the 17th century have been studied focusing on TMJ morphology and tooth wear. Several of the skulls were damaged and altogether 68 condyles and 28 temporal components of the TMJ, and 97 dentate jaws could be examined. Tooth wear was extensive and most of the first molars in both jaws had lost most of their occlusal morphology. This is remarkable with respect to the fact that the great majority of the subjects had died before the age of 35 years, according to the age determination performed. The TMJs showed frequent remodelling but only rarely deformative changes. The frequent observation of a broken up compact bone layer on the condyle was interpreted as a post-mortem artefact. The results indicate adaptive response of the TMJs to the probably heavy masticatory function but do not support the suggested relationship between tooth wear and TMJ osteoarthrosis.

Age Determination by Teeth↗

PubMed1996

Frequency of edentulism and identification marking of removable dentures in long-term care units.

There were two aims of this study. First, the frequency of edentulism and denture wearers among 464 residents in long-term units in Göteborg, Sweden, was evaluated. Second, the dentures were examined to determine whether they were marked correctly for identification. Of the subjects, 46% were edentulous in both jaws, and 13% in one jaw. Among complete denture wearers, 47% of the patients had at least one identification-marked denture. Removable partial dentures, worn by 26 subjects, were marked to a lesser extent (32%). Since there are many edentulous people among the elderly in most parts of the world we suggest that removable dentures are marked with the patient's name or identification number.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1996

Dental conditions and temporomandibular joints in an early mesolithic bog man.

In 1994 parts of a human skeleton were found in the county of Västergötland, Sweden. The remains were probably from a man and estimated according to 14C dating to be about 9800 years old, i.e. from the Early Mesolithic Period. As such old finds are rare and the skull was well preserved a more detailed description is presented in this paper. The facial skeleton was robust and the face shape was rectangular. The remaining teeth, one maxillary and 10 mandibular teeth, exhibited no caries but extensive occlusal wear which in some teeth had exposed the pulp and led to periapical osteitis. Besides these teeth the 4 maxillary incisors and the two canines and one incisor in the mandible had been lost post-mortem, probably because of severe marginal bone loss. Both temporomandibular joints showed remodelling, one also osteoarthrotic changes. The observations are discussed with respect to masticatory function and some background factors.

Alveolar Bone Loss↗

PubMed1995

Odontological identification of fire victims--potentialities and limitations.

A retrospective study was performed to analyse the power of odontological evidence in burn victims. The material comprised 292 single fire cases registered at 4 centers of forensic odontology in Scandinavia (DK: Aarhus, Copenhagen; N: Oslo; S: Goteborg) covering a 10-year period. Filed antemortem (am) and postmortem (pm) data were critically reviewed and registered. New systems for classification of the degree of injuries to the teeth and jaws and of the quality of dental records were developed. Matching dental am-pm units/features were recorded using the tooth as unit. Units were scored as either ordinary or extraordinary if the frequency of occurrence in a Danish reference population was > or = 10% or < 10%, respectively. The ID conclusion of a single case was classified into one of the categories: no conclusion, ID possible, ID probable or ID established, depending on the number of ordinary/extraordinary matching units. All age groups were represented. Most fatal burns occurred in house fires (62%) and there was a preponderance of males (71%). Detailed written records supplied by single or by systematic radiographs were available in 71% of cases. About 50% of burn victims were classified into the no-injury group and approximately 25% of cases showed injuries to the anterior teeth only. The number and complexity of dental restorations increased with age. The dental examination was a powerful tool in identification of burn victims. Thus, dental identity (ID) was established in 61% of burn victims and dental evidence assisted the identification in another 31% (ID possible 19%; ID probable 12%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗

PubMed1995

Quality evaluation of 10 years patient records in forensic odontology.

In forensic odontology, accurate detailed and complete recording of ante-mortem information is essential as the basis for odontological identification. Earlier studies on malpractice cases in Sweden indicated that the quality of the recording procedure was not always acceptable. Therefore, the aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the quality of ante-mortem records and its possible implications for identification work. All forensic odontology cases referred to the Department of Forensic Medicine in Göteborg between 1983 and 1992 were studied with regard to the instructions for dental records from the National Board of Health and Welfare. Information on dental characteristics, normal anatomical findings and restorative treatment was complete in 43 (68%) of the cases, incomplete in 17 (27%) and missing in 3 (5%). Registration of previous therapy was missing in about 75 (94%) of the records. It was possible to identify patient radiographs in only 16 of the 40 records where radiographs were available. In spite of this, the inaccuracies in the records did not seem to hamper the identification procedures in this study which could be explained by the character of the cases and the availability of medical and circumstantial information.

Dental Materials↗

PubMed1995

Inter-examiner variation in the assessment of age-related factors in teeth.

Inter-observer variations in the registration of dental age-related characteristics have not previously been studied. Examination and registration were made by 6 dentists with varying experience in age estimation. A total of 13 age-related dental characteristics in 30 teeth extracted from adults were assessed macroscopically, by stereomicroscope and from radiographs. The measurements were analysed in a microcomputer, using the SPSS/PC+ statistical package. The results showed that, except for the score on surface roughness, significant differences were found between some of the observers for all types of measurements, when a paired t-test analysis was made. The correlation coefficients between the observers varied and were rather weak for the surface roughness score. The study revealed systematic differences among the observers as well as differences in interpreting the definitions of the scores for the different parameters. Thus age estimation using statistical methods is seen to be dependent upon the experience of the individual observer and interpretation. Care should therefore be taken not to rely too much upon the results of an odontological age estimation. The possible implications of these results for forensic work are also discussed.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1995

The paradental cyst a clinicopathologic study of 26 cases.

This retrospective study describes the clinical, radiographic and histological features of 26 paradental cysts. These cysts comprised 0.9% of the 2700 cases of jaw cysts diagnosed in 9 years. The true incidence is, however, probably greater since many cases are misdiagnosed. The cysts occurred in relation to partly or fully erupted teeth and were all located in the mandible. An equal sex distribution was found and clinical symptoms in the form of swelling was the main finding especially for the paradental cysts located in the first and second molar area. The radiographic characteristics of the paradental cysts were found to be rather variable. The borders of the cysts adjacent and distal to the third molars were more distinct than the borders of the cysts in the first and second molar area. Histologically, all the cysts were lined by a nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium with edema and migration of neutrophils through the epithelium. In most cases, the epithelium was markedly hyperplastic. The connective tissue wall was infiltrated by neutrophils, lymphocytes and plasma cells.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1995

Artefacts caused by dental filling materials in MR imaging.

An investigation regarding possible artefacts from dental filling materials in MR imaging is presented including 9 types of such materials from various manufacturers. Freshly extracted teeth were prepared and the filling materials were handled according to manufacturers' instructions. The teeth were encapsulated into a gel phantom based on de-ionized water, Ni (NO3)2 and polysaccharide agarose powder. The investigation was performed with a standard head coil and a 1.5 T MR unit. Images acquired with various combinations of parameters from different sequences were visually analysed regarding possible artefacts. The investigation showed that only one of the materials caused significant artefacts. The gel phantom was found to be a valuable means for examination of artefacts from small samples, and can be recommended as a standard technique for this purpose.

Acrylic Resins↗

PubMed1995

Accuracy in identification of implant treated patients by use of intraoral radiographs.

This study aimed at investigating the accuracy of seven forensic odontologists (FO) and seven police officers (PO) in determining person identity using comparable intraoral radiographs from implant treated patients, and evaluating the different characteristics used for identification. The investigation was based on 34 edentulous patients, from 26 of whom a matched pair of radiographs was constructed in such a way that one, taken after insertion of an implant supported prosthesis in the anterior part of the mandible, was regarded as the antemortem radiograph, while another picture from a later follow-up examination served as the postmortem x-ray. From each of the remaining eight patients similar radiographs were selected so that four antemortem and four postmortem ones were obtained. These eight radiographs were also paired but did not match. There were thus 30 pairs of radiographs. A classification of the 26 matched pairs regarding degree of ease (easy, moderate, difficult) in combining the radiographs, using as parameters the design of the implants, shape of the abutments, shape of the bridges and bony anatomy of the jaws was established. The total number of errors made by the FO were higher (26) than those made by the PO (18) (one PO combined all 26 matching radiographs correctly) and 12 of the 26 matchable cases were correctly paired by all observers. The design of the fixed prostheses was the most often used characteristic in the exercise.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

Denture marking. Clinical and technical aspects.

The frequency of edentulousness has decreased in recent years due to the improvement in oral health. However, there is still a need to address the issue of denture marking for social and legal reasons because the oral status of populations varies in different countries and the wearing of complete dentures will be a fact for the foreseeable future. Given that only one marked denture can tell us the identity of a decreased when all other methods fail makes it a worthwhile exercise. The marking of dentures is not regulated by law in Sweden, but it is recommended by the Swedish Board of Health and Welfare (SOSFS[M]1986), that all patients should be offered the opportunity to have their dentures marked, which they may refuse. In Sweden, the dental laboratories report that they mark all dentures. The Swedish ID-Band has become the international standard and FDI accepted denture marking system, but recent research has indicated that this metal band is not resistant to very high temperatures. Since there is no international consensus regarding the matter we suggest that new materials should be explored.

Denture Identification Marking↗

PubMed1994

Medico-legal aspects of postmortem pink teeth.

While the phenomenon of pink teeth has been known since 1829, when it was first described by Bell, its application in forensic medicine has been limited. Recently, however, attention was again focused on pink teeth in legal cases. The medico-legal implication was the use of pink teeth as a possible means of evaluating the cause of death. Pink teeth can occur during life and postmortem. Except for very few and poorly documented exceptions, they develop earliest after 1 to 2 weeks postmortem. Their chemical analogy is seepage of hemoglobin or it's derivates into the dentinal tubules. Prerequisites are hyperemia/congestion and erythrocyte extravasation of the pulp capillaries, furthermore autolysis and a humid milieu. Therefore, they are most often associated with water immersion. The intensity of characteristics varies between different cases and also between different teeth in an individual case. Since the ante-mortem prerequisites are non-specific and can be replaced by certain postmortem conditions, there exist until now no specific correlation to the cause of death. The phenomenon is very often seen in victims of drowning where the head usually lies in a head-down position. From this it can be assumed that pink teeth even if not identical to postmortem lividity can, at least to some extent, be considered as analogous. Since, there is no obvious connection between the occurrence of pink teeth and the cause of death, it may be concluded that pink teeth are not pathognomonic for a specific cause of death and this is therefore an unspecific phenomenon.

Cause of Death↗

PubMed1994

Odontogenic myxoma--a radiographic study of 21 tumours.

Radiological features of 21 odontogenic myxomas found in 14 women and 7 men were analysed. Ten of the tumors were unilocular and 11 were multilocular. Unilocular lesions were mostly located in the anterior and multilocular in the posterior areas of the jaws. Intralesional trabeculation was seen in all multilocular but only in 3 unilocular lesions. Because radiological appearance of myxoma may be essentially similar with many other lesions of the jaws careful radiological examination is mandatory for planning of proper treatment.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1994

Quality assessment of lateral cephalograms amongst radiologists and orthodontists.

This study investigated technical errors in the production of lateral cephalograms necessitating a retake and the extent to which the retake, as ordered by the radiologist, actually produced a gain in quality as assessed by the orthodontist. All the rejected lateral cephalograms taken at the Department of Oral Radiology over a period of 1 year were saved, and 20 such radiographs and their approved counterparts were then studied. Ten orthodontists were asked to decide whether the radiographs were acceptable or not and to provide reasons for those judged unacceptable. Considerable variation was found between the 10 orthodontists in the rate of acceptance of the radiographs. One orthodontist accepted only 13, while another accepted 37 out of the 40 radiographs. The main cause for rejection by the orthodontists of the radiologically approved films was: patients positioning error, and for the rejected: poor (or no) intercuspation. The results show large discrepancies between the radiologists and the orthodontists in quality criteria for cephalometric radiographs, as well as large interindividual variations among the orthodontists. In half of the cases, the radiologists ordered retakes that, according to the orthodontists, were not necessary.

Artifacts↗

PubMed1994

Knowledge among Swedish dentists about rules for patient records.

Some Swedish dentists chosen at random answered a questionnaire in 1992. The aim was to find out if the knowledge among dentists as a whole about patient record matters is as bad as patient records in disciplinary cases imply. The knowledge was good and better than expected. Specialists have a better knowledge than private practitioners and they also more often have a secretary to handle the patient records. Time of licensation and the dentist's age were of no importance. If the standard of knowledge in a few formal matters corresponds to a high standard in the observance of the rules will be investigated in the second part of this investigation (Rasmusson et al 1994), which will scrutinize patient records from the same dentists who answered the questionnaire.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

Quality evaluation of patient records in Swedish dental care.

The purposes of this study were to evaluate systematically five patient records each from randomly selected dentists in different regions of Sweden in 1992, and to see whether the good knowledge of some record-keeping rules, noted earlier, was reflected in practical observance of the rules as a whole. Observance was generally poor: in nearly 40% of the variables investigated, the documentation did not follow the rules. Patient history, status, diagnosis, therapy plans and other important information were often missing among the records from the general practitioners. The specialists' records, however, were in general very accurate. As a whole, Swedish dental patient records constitute poor antemortem material for forensic odontology. The dentist's age is related to the quality of the records. The standard of the patient records must be improved.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

Accuracy of dental registrations in forensic odontology among dentists and dental students.

In forensic odontology, registration of dental characteristics is crucial in the identification procedure. It has been found that the most common errors made are incorrect registration of restorations and confusion about premolars and molars in both jaws. In an earlier study, dental students were observers and the charting was made without radiographs. However, in practical forensic work dentists make the registrations and radiographs are usually available. In this investigation eight dental students and eight dentists made registrations on ten excised macerated jaws with the aid of radiographs. The mean number of errors for each jaw for the students and the dentist was 4 and 3 respectively. The most common error among the dentists was incorrect registration of restorations, while errors on registrations of missing teeth were most common among the students. Even though the material in this study was limited, the results indicate the importance of re-examining of postmortem findings before the comparison with the antemortem data is done. Additionally, the forensic work should be performed by specialists.

Clinical Competence↗

PubMed1993

Denture marking. A study of temperature resistance of different metal bands for ID-marking.

Dentures are not always marked. In Sweden legislation now exists to enforce it. This study was undertaken to establish the frequency of marked dentures, the incidence of edentulousness and a temperature resistance test of three possible marking bands. Patients from two long-term units were included in the study (n = 58). Observation of the dental status included absence of teeth, some teeth present and influence of dentures, complete, partial, upper or lower. Marking of the dentures was also recorded. Three different types of steel bands (Jasch; Remanit; ID-band) were exposed to temperature levels of 1100, 1200 and 1300 degrees C. Of a total of 58 patients 64% were edentulous and only 17 of the patients could be identified by means of the denture markings. None of the metal bands had readable markings at 1200 and 1300 degrees C, but at 1100 degrees C the ID-band and the Jasch band were readable, but not the Remanit band.

Aged↗

PubMed1993

Accuracy among dentists experienced in forensic odontology in establishing identity.

The aim of this study was to investigate the accuracy of 17 forensic odontologists identifying individuals from two sets of radiographs, one regarded as ante- and the other as postmortem. Each case was observed twice and only one pair out of 31 did not match. The observers were asked to comment about each case, classifying it as easy, moderate or difficult. The results show that one observer was totally correct in the first analysis while four observers made no errors the second time. In the first evaluation 14 observers made between one and seven errors and two observers made 11 errors each. In the second evaluation 12 observers made between one and seven errors and one observer made 13 errors. At the first evaluation, the observers judged 18 of the cases as easy, eight as medium and five as difficult. At the second evaluation, the observers pronounced 13 of the cases as easy, 13 as medium and five as difficult. The corresponding values for the authors were 6, 12 and 13. Most of the mistakes were made on the cases with no restorations and the incorrect answers were found mostly among the difficult cases. In practical forensic work however additional dental chart information is usually available to the forensic odontologist.

Dentists↗