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Biomedical subjects

H Brunner

Publications and source records attributed to H Brunner.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Interferon production in cocultures between mouse spleen cells and tumor cells: possible role of mycoplasmas in interferon induction.

Interferon production was measured in the murine mixed lymphocyte tumor cell interaction (MLTI) using spleen cells of three inbred mouse strains and a number of in vitro grown lymphoma cells. No difference in interferon production was observed when syngeneic or allogeneic combinations were compared. Interferon was not detectable during the first 6 h of culture and reached its maximum after 12--24 h. In contrast, natural killer cell activity of spleen cells against one of these lymphoma lines (YAC-1) was already high after 4h. A cell line that was not susceptible to natural killing (MDAY-D2) induced the same amount of interferon as YAC-1. These findings suggest that natural killer cell activity and interferon induction in the MLTI are not correlated. Several lymphoma cell lines induced interferon in the MLTI whereas some others did not. All lines that were inductive were found to contain mycoplasmas. Furthermore, even the cell-free supernatants of inducing lines contained mycoplasmas and induced interferon. Purified mycoplasmas and membranes thereof were able to induce interferon production in mouse spleen cells. Our data strongly suggest that interferon production in the MLTI is caused by mycoplasmas. This artifact is the relevance for three reasons. First, cocultures between lymphoma cells and lymphocytes are widely studied in immunology. Secondly, contamination with mycoplasmas is extremely common and often goes unnoticed in immunological laboratories. Thirdly, interferon is known to affect profoundly a number of in vitro functions of immunocompetent cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Fatigue fracture of bone plates.

Of all the possible causes of bone plate failure, by far the most common is failure by fatigue. The effect of the environment and loading regime on the fatigue life is discussed. The use of the corrosion potential for the evaluation of fatigue experiments and the detection of fatigue cracks in explanted plates is described. The authors demonstrate that the surface finish and the possibility of a loss in fatigue strength after plate remodelling are factors that should not be ignored when testing bone plates.

Bone Plates↗
PubMed1980

Quantitative culture of ureaplasma urealyticum in patients with chronic prostatitis or prostatosis.

We studied 187 men with symptoms and signs of chronic prostatitis or prostatosis and 108 healthy controls. Ureaplasma urealyticum was isolated from 103 (55.1 per cent) of the patients and from 24 (22.2 per cent) of the controls. When quantitative culture of Ureaplasma urealyticum is considered a typical histogram of prostatitis was evident in 36 patients (19.3 per cent) using the Stamey localization technique. In 20 of the 36 patients the etiology was uncertain for various reasons. Evidence was provided that Ureaplasma urealyticum could be considered as the etiologic agent of the disease in at least 16 (8.6 per cent) of the 187 patients with chronic prostatitis studied.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

[The diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (author's transl)].

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is etiologically closely connected to the Epstein Barr virus. NPC is the only carcinoma in man that can be diagnosed serologically. In the serum of patients with NPC characteristic antibody titres of certain viral antigens can be demonstrated during the disease. Conclusions regarding the success of treatment and on possible relapse can be deduced from these antibody titres. Criteria of histological differention for NPC prognosis are described, and the possible mode of infection is discussed. Since the disease also occurs in adolescents the treatment of a typical case of NPC is described.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[Mexiletin for treatment of ventricular ectopic rhythm in patients with acute myocardial infarction (author's transl)].

In a controlled investigation on 84 patients with acute myocardial infarction, the effect of mexiletine on ectopic ventricular rhythms was tested with respect to mexiletine serum concentration. Malignant ventricular arrhythmias were observed 10 times in the control group and 5 times in the treated group. In the latter patients, mexiletine serum concentrations were below or at the lower therapeutical range (0.5 microgram/ml). During the second day of treatment, ventricular ectopic beats were significantly suppressed in the treated group with effective mexiletine serum concentration between 0.5 and 2.0 microgram/ml. As a side effect, vomiting was noticed in some patients in coincidence with an initial intravenous dosis of 2 mg per kg bodyweight; however, in no case it was necessary to interrupt treatment. There were no significant alterations in hemodynamical data, derived from Swan-Ganz catheter measurements, with mean maximal serum concentrations, on the second day, of approximately 1.15 microgram/ml.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1980

[Expert judgement of pancreatic disease (author's transl)].

Pain, exocrine insufficiency and diabetes mellitus are the main symptoms which may lead to physical unfitness for work in patients with pancreatic disease. A diagnostic program is described apt to support an expert judgement about the status of the pancreas. Ultrasonic examination of the pancreas and measuring of stool fat are the main procedures of this program.

Diabetes Complications↗
PubMed1980

[Clinical study of viloxazine (author's transl)].

An open study of viloxazine has been achieved in a psychiatric unit. The drug has been prescribed to 36 patients, all comers, half of them aged 60. Out of them 28 are affected by a psychotic depression, six by a neurotic depression. In terms of the importance of the depressive signs, medium posologies (300 mg a day) or strong ones (600 mg a day) are used. The total result is excellent or good in 65% of the cases: it becomes evident in more than one case out of two during the first week. To get it the treatment must absolutely be extended and process to higher posologies may be necessary. Involutional melancholia and the depressive phase of chronic psychosis constitute the best terms of viloxazine. Hypnotics have to be associated but systematic prescription of anxiety relieving is to be avoided. Tolerance is satisfactory in three cases out of four and the drug is free from the clinical counter-indications belonging to anti-depressants. This allows us to prescribe it to old age in high posologies without any harm.

Depression↗
PubMed1980

Giant cell formation in Acholeplasma laidlawii, strain JA1.

Striking alterations, which looked like blebs, were observed in colonies of Acholeplasma laidlawii, strain JA 1. "Craters" were seen on the surface of these colonies by scanning electron microscopy. In addition, giant cells of acholeplasma, up to 14 microns in diameter, i.e. approximately 20 times the size of a normal A. laidlawii cell, were visible in the colonies. The large forms were surrounded by a unit membrane. After infection with group 1 and group 2 mycoplasma-viruses, the proportion of altered colonies and the number of large cells within these colonies increased. A strain of A. laidlawii, which was not susceptible to infection with the three known acholeplasma-viruses did not exhibit comparable morphological changes. The development of the giant cells can be explained either by cell fusion or by a lag of cell division behind genome replication. Blebs and "craters" may result from the destruction of mycoplasma organisms within the complex structure of the colony. There is also suggestive evidence that strain JA 1 carries a virus in some cryptic form.

Acholeplasma laidlawii↗
PubMed1979

[The treatment of acute pancreatitis in Austria: results of a questionnaire].

The treatment of acute pancreatitis as currently practised in Austria was evaluated by means of a questionnaire mailed to all medical and surgical departments in Austrian hospitals. Fasting, analgesics and parenteral fluid therapy are applied routinely and proteinase inhibitors are used in nearly all hospitals. The efficacy of placing the pancreas at rest by withdrawal of oral fluids, nasogastric suction or antacids is variably assessed. Pharmacological inhibition of pancreatic secretion is achieved mainly by anticholinergics, whilst less often glucagon is prescribed. Antibiotic prophylaxis is widely applied. The main indications for surgery are complications and pre-existing biliary tract disease. These results are compared with the literature.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1979

[Significance of Ureaplasma urealyticum in the sperm of fertility patients].

U. urealyticum was found in the semen of 12.9% of the patients, who attended a fertility clinic. Ureaplasma counts of more than 1,000 CFU/ml were demonstrated in 8.6% of cases. Non-specific genital infection caused by U. urealyticum was rarely diagnosed, and there was no correlation of the ureaplasma counts and the spermatological findings in cases without inflammation.

Humans↗
PubMed1979

Electron microscopic studies on the attachment of Mycoplasma pneumoniae to guinea pig erythrocytes.

A mechanism of pathogenicity of Mycoplasma pneumoniae is its ability to attach to the surface of mammalian cells. It has previously been demonstrated by others that M. pneumoniae adheres with a specialized terminal structure, the "tip," to ciliated epithelial cells of the respiratory tract. In this report we show by electron microscopy that M. pneumoniae adsorbs with membrane sites other than the tip to guinea pig erythrocytes.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Complement components (C1, C2, C3, C4) in bronchial secretions after intranasal infection of guinea pigs with Mycoplasma pneumoniae: dissociation of unspecific and specific defense mechanisms.

Shortly after intranasal infection of guinea pigs with Mycoplasma pneumoniae, the titers of the complement components increased significantly in bronchial secretions by the folllowing amounts, compared with the titer of a control group: C1, about 2-fold; C2, 1.6-fold; C3, 17-fold; and C4, 942-fold. Histopathological signs of inflammation were not apparent at this time. At 2 weeks after infection, when the titers of complement components in the bronchial secretions were at the level of control values or lower, the serum antibody titer increased, and it reached the highest level at 6 weeks after infection. Therefore, one can distinguish two phases of reaction of the macroorganism to intranasal inoculation. The increase in complement components shortly after infection may represent an earlyunspecific defense mechanism of the host before the specific immune response becomes effective, since the complement system can be activated by M. pneumoniae via the classical as well as the alternative pathway in the absence of antibodies.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1979

Serological cross-reactions between Acinetobacter calcoaceticus and chlamydiae.

A cross-reaction between Acinetobacter calcoaceticus and chlamydiae is described. A water-soluble, heat stable, non-dialyzable antigen was extracted from Acinetobacter species by boiling. This antigen fixed complement in the presence of homologous hyperimmune sera from rabbits or guinea pigs and in the presence of heterologous human or hyperimmunized animal sera containing chlamydial antibodies. Hyperimmune antisera to the extracted antigen, or to suspensions of live acinetobacters, also reacted in complement fixation with a group-specific antigen.

Acinetobacter↗