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Biomedical subjects

H Brunner

Publications and source records attributed to H Brunner.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Effect of urine metabolites from healthy and uremic subjects on gluconeogenesis in slices of rat kidney cortex and liver.

A high molecular weight fraction was obtained by extended dialysis of urine of healthy and uremic subjects. After addition to the incubation medium, this fraction inhibited gluconeogenesis by rat kidney cortex slices. From the six subfractions extracted by gel chromatography (Sephadex G 100) fraction IV caused a decrease of glucose formation. The activity of PEP-carboxykinase but not of pyruvate carboxylase was reduced, indicating a decreased formation of phosphoenol pyruvate. The total high molecular weight fraction stimulated glucose release by liver slices from fed but not from starved rats. In the absence of amino acids, urea formation was not stimulated. The activity of pyruvate carboxylase was reduced in both groups, PEP-carboxykinase activity was, however, only reduced in the starved group. The addition of uremic serum caused increased glucose release. Inhibition of PEP-carboxykinase activity by quinolinic acid (15 mM) resulted in inhibition of glucose formation by 35% in the uremic group and 54% in the control group in livers of 24 hr starved rats. Thus in uremia there may be incorporation of serine carbon skeletons into glucose via hydroxypyruvate, not via pyruvate. Chromatography on calibrated columns indicated that about 40% of the urinary fractions had molecular weights in the upper range of the "middle molecules" category. The positive correlation between toxicity and the total amount of high molecular weight substances excreted do not confirm the hypothesis of augmented retention of "toxins" in uremic patients. It must be appreciated that these results refer only to the undialyzable fraction of urine which contains only 0.5% by weight of the total urine solids.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

[Effect of higher molecular urine metabolites on lymphocyte transformation and autohemolysis (author's transl)].

Possible toxic effects of lyophilised not dialysable residue from urine of healthy persons obtained by 4 days dialysing against water were investigated. Therefore, the substance dissolved at a concentration of 2.22 mg/ml in Medium TC 199 respectively in physiological saline solution was added with increasing quantities (0.1 to 1.0 ml) to lymphocyte cultures (3 x 10(6) cells in 4 ml medium) and to erythrocytes (3 ml of blood after separation of granulocytes) from healthy persons. Spontaneous 3H-thymidine uptake of the lymphocytes ascertained 5 days after beginning of incubation was markedly depressed with dependence upon the doses up to 30.4% of the control value, whereas only 65.2% was reached after stimulation with 400 mug PHA. In both cases LDH activity in the supernatant culture medium measured as a parameter of cell destruction showed a dose-dependent increase with inverse trend as compared to 3H-thymidine uptake levels. This negative correlation may be due to impaired cell viability as the main cause for depressed lymphocyte transformation. The autohemolysis of the erythrocytes was diminished with dependence upon the doses until to 59.3% of the control value. Therefore, only cytotoxic effects of uremic serum on the lymphocytes may be due to higher molecular urine metabolites retained in uremia whereas increased autohemolysis will be induced by toxins of lower molecular weight.

Cell Survival↗
PubMed1975

Raman studies of the conformation of the basic pancreatic trypsin inhibitor.

The vibrational Raman spectra of the basic pancreatic trypsin inhibitor in aqueous solution, as lyophilized powder and in a single crystal and presented. The thermal stability of this protein is demonstrated by the fact that minor alterations in the spectrum, mainly in the amide III band near 1260 cm-1, occur in the solution spectrum only at temperatures above 75 degrees C. No significant spectral changes appear when the pH value of the solution is varied in the range from 1.5 to 8.7. The distinct differences of the powder spectrum compared to that of the solution, show that lyophilization causes appreciable conformational changes both in the main-chain and in the side-chains. A difference in main chain conformation of the basic pancreatic trypsin inhibitor in single crystal and in solution is suggested by different amide III frequencies.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1975

Secretin-induced bile secretion, bile acid output and blood supply to the liver in the dog.

Bile secretion and blood flow in the portal vein and the hepatic artery were determined in cholecystectomized anesthetized dogs before and during continuous infusion of varying doses of secretin. Secretin increases bile volume without alteration of bile acid output. Hepatic arterial flow was not altered by any dose. However, high doses of secretin increased portal venous blood flow significantly. It is concluded that secretin action on liver blood flow mirrors mainly superior mesenteric arterial vasodilation and seems to be a rather pharmacologic than a physiologic response. Bile secretion is not influenced by changes of hepatic blood flow in the physiologic range.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Immunological studies on the localization of phosphatidylglycerol in the membranes of Mycoplasma hominis.

Phosphatidylglycerol is the main component (87%) of the membrane phospholipids of Mycoplasma hominis. It is immunologically active. Antibodies directed against phosphatidylglycerol were detected in rabbits intravenously immunised with native M. hominis or isolated M. hominis membranes. The intravenous method of immunisation was chosen in order to select for a response to surface antigenic determinants. Anti-phosphatidylglycerol antibodies were induced in rabbits by intravenously injecting the flocculated complexes of methylated bovine serum albumin and a phosphatidylglycerol/phosphatidylcholine/cholesterol mixture. These antibodies were specifically bound to intact M. hominis, as shown by complement fixation and Coombs tests. Native M. hominis were not agglutinated by anti-phosphatidylglycerol antibodies; but after partial digestion of the membrane proteins with Pronase, the mycoplasmas were heavily agglutinated by the anti-phosphatidylglycerol antibodies. The same amount of anti-phosphatidylglycerol antibodies was bound to intact M. hominis, containing 600 mug of phosphatidylglycerol as to 6 mug of phosphatidylglycerol in the optimal configurational arrangement of a mixed phosphatidylglycerol/phosphatidylcholine/cholesterol micelle. It is concluded that the major part of the phosphatidylglycerol in native M. hominis membranes is masked, probably by membrane proteins, and is not accessible to the anti-phosphatidylglycerol antibodies.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1975

[Simultaneous determination of gastric emptying and bile and pancreatic enzyme secretion].

Intestinal perfusion methods with a nonabsorbable marker allow an exact quantitative determination of intestinal absorption and secretion provided that methodological pitfalls are avoided. A modified technique is applied to the simultaneous measurement of biliary and pancreatic secretion during and depending on emptying of a mixed test meal. A duodenal segment was perfused with an isotonic polyethyleneglycol solution (PEG). Reinjection of duodenal aspirates maintained a normal enterohepatic circulation of bile acids (interruption less than 10%). The perfusion was performed in healthy volonteers over a period of 12 to 24 hours, with three mixed formula meals containing 51CrCl3 as a marker ingested at conventional feeding hours. Influence of meal size was studied by means of a high caloric (40 Kcal/b. wt. per day) test meal. Patients with cholesterol gallstones and cirrhosis of the liver only received one formula test meal of 300 Kcal. Instead of concentrations output of trypsin, lipase, bile acids and cholesterol (the latter corrected for duodenal absorption) was calculated from the dilution of PEG in the duodenal juice and gastric emptying was determined by following quantitatively the flow of 51CrCl3. Gastric emptying can be expressed by a single exponential function over most of the time. Only the last 60-100 Kcals were expelled by the stomach at a faster rate. The daily biliary and pancreatic secretion depend indirectly on the amount of food ingested. But during the day light hours (with continuous meal flow), secretion was similar in high and low caloric subjects, while a significant difference became obvious during night hours corresponding to differences in gastric emptying time. Mean hourly output of bile acid, biliary cholesterol, trypsin and lipase is independent from meal size and secretion of pancreatic enzymes reaches the values close to those after maximal stimulation by i.v. CCK-PZ. Output of pancreatic enzymes does not differ in health and gallstone disease or cirrhosis of the liver respectively. Since during digestion in normals approximately one forth of the bile acid pool is secreted hourly into the gut, the number of daily enterohepatic cycles of bile acids can be calculated by 4-6. Patients with cholesterol gallstones maintain normal bile acid output by enhanced cycling of the small pool: An average of 50% of the pool passed the duodenum per hour. A decreased bile acid pool is also present in cases of advanced cirrhosis of the liver. However, hourly output of bile acids in these patients is significantly less than in mild cirrhosis (with normal bile acid pool) or normal controls. Therefore the hourly fraction of the pool secreted is similar to healthy subjects. These findings provide an important information to explain abnormalities in bile acid metabolism in cirrhosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

[Microtiter agglutination test for salmonella and brucella antibodies (author's transl)].

To compare the tube agglutination test and the microtiter plate agglutination procedure, 207 human sera were tested for agglutinins to Salmonella and 267 sera for agglutinins to Brucella by both methods. A positive reaction in the microtiter test was indicated by a smooth or irregular mat shape at the bottom of each well in the microtiter plate, whereas a negative reaction was shown by a settling of the antigen to a button shape. As can be seen in table 1, identical titer or only one dilution difference between both tests were found in more than 93% of the samples tested. The plate test was easier to perform and saved time, space, antigen and serum. The microtiter-agglutination technique can, therefore, be recommended for the routine laboratory for serology.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1975

[Kinetics of bile acid in jejuno-ileal bypass].

The influence of jejunoileal bypass on bile salt kinetics and lithogenity of bile was investigated in 9 German shephard dogs. Total bile acid pool decreased 92% from initial values, bile acid turnover rate was enhanced markedly. High relative biliary cholesterol concentration lead to an increase of lithogenity of the bile.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

[Effects of diet on bile secretion].

The effects of delayed gastric emptying or bran supplement to diet on the lithogenicity of bile were reviewed and their possible role in the prevention of recurrence of cholesterol gallstones after dissolution by chenodeoxycholic acid was discussed.

Bile↗