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Biomedical subjects

H Brunner

Publications and source records attributed to H Brunner.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

[After care in colorectal cancer].

The poor results of nonsurgical cancer therapy in locally recurring colorectal carcinoma and its metastases urge for an early diagnosis of these complications. Serial CEA-levels are the most promising tool to detect even preclinical tumour-growth. Because the incidence of tumor recurrence or metastases is highest in the first and second year after surgery the follow-up of the patients should be as close as possible during this time.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1988

Muscarinic inhibitory effect in the guinea pig dentate gyrus in vitro.

Various drugs known to affect synaptic transmission were tested for their effects on extracellular field potentials evoked in the dentate granule cell layer of guinea pig hippocampal slices. Presumptive commissural (CF) and perforant path (PP) fibers were stimulated electrically by two separate pairs of stimulating electrodes. CF stimulation elicited a field potential with a current sink and PP stimulation with a current source in the cell layer. Bath-applied carbachol (0.5-10 microM), in an atropine sensitive manner, depressed the CF-evoked field potential, but left the PP-evoked field potential unchanged. Further pharmacological testing revealed that this effect is likely to be mediated by inhibitory neurons in the dentate hilus.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Deposition of cocaine in tissue after lethal and repeated sublethal administration to sheep.

The deposition of cocaine in tissue after lethal administration to sheep was investigated. In addition, the presence of cocaine in tissue obtained from sheep treated for 30 days with a sublethal dose (2.4 mg/kg b.wt.) after 1-day, 1-week, or 1-month withdrawal was studied. The determination of cocaine was performed by radioimmunoassay. The concentrations measured represent the sum of cocaine and its metabolites. The presence of cocaine was also qualitatively proven by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. After a lethal dose administration cocaine was found in all investigated organs. The highest concentrations were present in liver, bile, and kidney. In tissue obtained from the sheep treated daily with a sublethal dose and killed after 1-week withdrawal, the concentrations found were significantly lower. After 1-month withdrawal, cocaine was not to be discovered in tissue.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Tight linkage between myotonic dystrophy and apolipoprotein E genes revealed with allele-specific oligonucleotides.

In 16 families with myotonic dystrophy (DM) a novel approach based on use of allele-specific oligonucleotides has been employed to study the linkage relationship between the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene and DM. Synthetic oligonucleotides, designed to discriminate between APOE alleles epsilon 3 and epsilon 4, enabled us to distinguish heterozygous carriers in a hybridization assay. In a subset of families, the relevant segment of the APOE gene was enzymatically amplified to increase the sensitivity of the method. For DM and APOE, a maximum lod score (zmax of 7.47 was obtained at a recombination frequency (theta) of 0.047 (male theta = female theta). No recombination (maximum lod score of 5.61 at theta = 0.0) was found between APOE and the apolipoprotein CII (APOC2) gene. These results suggest that, in addition to APOC2, APOE is a useful marker for presymptomatic DM diagnosis.

Alleles↗
PubMed1988

Localization of the gene for X-linked Alport's syndrome.

X-chromosomal DNA probes defining various polymorphic DNA markers were used to study genetic linkage in three families with Alport's syndrome. With the DXS17 marker, only a single cross-over was observed in 26 informative meioses, and evidence for linkage was also obtained with the DXS11 marker. These data localize the gene for the X-linked form of Alport's syndrome to the middle of the long arm of the X chromosome.

DNA Probes↗
PubMed1988

Effect of ganglion blockade with pentolinium on circulating neuropeptide Y levels in conscious rats.

The vasoconstrictor peptide, neuropeptide Y (NPY), is present in perivascular noradrenergic neurons of all mammals studied and may be important in the regulation of blood pressure. High plasma levels of NPY have been measured in the rat. To investigate partially the source and factors controlling the release of the circulating peptide, the effect of pentolinium tartrate administration has been studied in conscious rats. Pentolinium given as a bolus (5 mg/kg) followed by an infusion of a further 5 mg/kg/30 min produced a highly significant reduction in blood pressure of more than 40 mm Hg, when compared to either basal values or control animals treated with saline. Pentolinium treatment resulted in significantly lower plasma neuropeptide Y levels (31.0 +/- 6.7 fmol/ml) compared with those of control animals (78.6 +/- 8.2 fmol/ml). Circulating catecholamines were also significantly reduced in those animals receiving pentolinium. These results are compatible with circulating NPY arising from the sympathetic nervous system, with release being controlled by the mechanisms already established for catecholamines.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Oral ciprofloxacin treatment for Salmonella typhimurium infection of normal and immunocompromised mice.

Oral treatment of Salmonella typhimurium infection with ciprofloxacin was compared with conventional chemotherapy with ampicillin or chloramphenicol in normal (CFW1) and immunocompromised (C57BL/6) mice. Administration of the antibiotics for 12 days reduced the number of bacteria in livers and the mortality of C57BL/6 mice significantly. Ciprofloxacin was considerably more effective than ampicillin in prolongation of the mean survival time of these mice. Similar to conventional chemotherapeutic agents, ciprofloxacin did not prevent fatal disease in most C57BL/6 mice when the treatment lasted 12 days only. On the other hand, ciprofloxacin cured lethal S. typhimurium illness in immunocompromised mice after long-term oral chemotherapy for 26 days at a dosage of 100 mg/kg twice a day. This was not achieved by either ampicillin or chloramphenicol. In normal mice, 12 days of therapy with ciprofloxacin was sufficient for a significant decrease in both the number of viable bacteria in livers and the mortality of lethally infected mice. The results provide a basis for an alternative antibiotic treatment by the oral route in immunocompromised hosts with systemic infections.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1988

Increased response of brachial artery diameter to norepinephrine in hypertensive patients.

The hyperresponsiveness of small arteries to norepinephrine is well documented in essential hypertensive patients. Our objective was to investigate in situ the reactivity to norepinephrine of the diameter of large arteries, which are involved in the arterial disease of hypertension as well as small arteries. Brachial artery diameter, blood flow velocity, local volumic blood flow, and local vascular resistances were determined noninvasively with a pulsed Doppler system in 19 patients with essential hypertension and 9 normotensive subjects, before and after the administration of placebo (glucose) or increasing doses of norepinephrine (10, 20, and 40 ng.kg-1.min-1 iv) given in a single-blind fashion. In hypertensive patients, norepinephrine (40 ng.kg-1.min-1) induced 1) a significant decrease in brachial artery diameter, local blood velocity, volumic flow, and conductance and 2) a small increase in mean arterial pressure. These hemodynamic changes did not occur in the placebo group and were significantly greater in hypertensive patients than in normotensive subjects, although plasma norepinephrine increased to the same extent in both groups. We conclude that in hypertensive patients the increase in vascular reactivity to norepinephrine involves not only the resistive vessels but also the large arteries thus decreasing their conducting and buffering function.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Improved early diagnosis of adult polycystic kidney disease with flanking DNA markers.

A new polymorphic DNA marker for the diagnosis of autosomal dominant adult polycystic kidney disease (APKD) has been identified. The new marker, 24-1, flanks the APKD gene on the side opposite to the alpha globin on the short arm of chromosome 16. When both DNA polymorphisms bracketing the gene are informative the reliability of prenatal and presymptom diagnosis of polycystic kidney disease in non-recombinants (92% of cases) is more than 99%.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Positive diagnosis of irritable colon: a scored chart or standardized anamnesis?].

The diagnostic score of Kruis to diagnose the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) has recently gained widespread application. We therefore evaluated the case histories of 373 patients attending the gastroenterological outpatient department retrospectively using the questionnaire of these authors. In contrast to Kruis et al's findings, by applying their discriminating score the diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome was made in only 51% of the patients who underwent complete gastrointestinal survey without pathological findings. However, the group of IBS was significantly separable from malignant or inflammatory disease. We therefore conclude that the diagnosis of IBS should only be made by ruling out organic disease (except in the case of young people with normal physical and laboratory check up findings and a good response to treatment). For these patients we simplified the questionnaire, omitting calculations.

Colonic Diseases, Functional↗