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Biomedical subjects

H Buchanan

Publications and source records attributed to H Buchanan.

17 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Development of a computerised dental anxiety scale for children: validation and reliability.

OBJECTIVE: To provide reliability and validity data on a computerised dental anxiety scale (the Smiley Faces Program or SFP) for children using faces as a response set. SETTING: Five schools across Derby, Newcastle-upon-Tyne and Shropshire. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: The SFP was completed by 464 children (mean age 10.8 years). For validity purposes, 241 children also completed two other children's dental anxiety measures (the Modified Child Dental Anxiety Scale and the Dental Fear Survey). For test-retest purposes 100 of the children completed the SFP two weeks later. RESULTS: The SFP demonstrated good internal consistency (alpha = 0.8), test-retest reliability was good and significant correlations were found between the SFP and the other measures. The children rated the local anaesthetic and drill as the most anxiety-provoking items. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that the SFP is a valid and reliable measure for assessing children's trait dental anxiety and may help encourage dentists to formally assess dental anxiety.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Self-report treatment techniques used by dentists to treat dentally anxious children: a preliminary investigation.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the extent to which dentists report their encouragement to dentally anxious children to blunt (distract from the procedure) or monitor (give information about the procedure) during treatment. SETTING: British Society of Paediatric Dentistry conference. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: One hundred and two of 155 delegates (66% response rate) completed a Monitor Blunter Treatment Checklist (MBTC), which was included in their conference pack. Participants were asked to tick all of the 10 statements (five monitoring and five blunting) that reflected how, in general, they would treat a dentally anxious child. RESULTS: Dentists chose significantly more monitoring than blunting statements. Treatment strategies relating to explaining procedures were endorsed by the majority of dentists, while distraction was chosen by less than a third. CONCLUSION: Dentists tend to use monitoring strategies that adhere generally to the principles of the Tell-Show-Do technique. This may have implications if the anxious child has a 'blunting' coping style.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2002

Validation of a Facial Image Scale to assess child dental anxiety.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the validity of a scale that uses faces as an indicator of children's dental anxiety. SETTING: Department of Child Dental Health waiting room, Newcastle Dental Hospital. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: 100 children (aged 3-18 years) completed the Facial Image Scale (FIS) and the Venham Picture Test (VPT) in the dental hospital waiting room. RESULTS: A strong correlation (0.7) was found between the two scales, indicating good validity for the FIS. Findings also showed that a small, but significant, number of children are anxious in the dental context. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that the FIS is a valid means of assessing child dental anxiety status in a clinical context.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Site of action for the inhibition by gold sodium thiomalate of rabbit platelet activation.

The inhibitory action of the gold-based drug gold sodium thiomalate was investigated in rabbit platelets. Gold sodium thiomalate at concentrations of 0.25-13 x 10(-4) M inhibits collagen-, ADP-, and 9,11,dideoxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-epoxymethanoprostaglandin F2 alpha (U46619)-induced aggregation as well as collagen- and U46619-induced serotonin release. This inhibition occurs in both Tyrodes-albumin or Tyrodes-gelatin buffer systems. Preincubation of gold sodium thiomalate with platelets resulted in less inhibition as the time of preincubation increased. The inhibitory effect of gold sodium thiomalate could be removed by washing the platelets. Other sulfhydryl-reacting compounds, such as D-penicillamine, thiomalic acid, 5,5'-dithiobis-2-nitrobenzoic acid, and 6,6'-dithiodinicotinic acid, were all capable of inhibiting collagen-induced aggregation and serotonin release. Evidence is presented that gold sodium thiomalate interferes with the activation of rabbit platelets by several activators, that this action of gold sodium thiomalate is similar to the action of other sulfhydryl-reacting agents, that this inhibition is likely occurring at the membrane, and that the action of the drug is not dependent on the presence of albumin.

Animals↗
PubMed1970

The mobilization of free fatty acids in relation to adipose tissue triglyceride fatty acids in the rat.

Three diets, consisting respectively of formulations high in oleic and stearic acid, linolenic acid, and lauric acid, were fed to rats until the adipose tissue TGFA largely reflected the dietary pattern of fatty acids. The composition of the serum FFA under basal conditions and following noradrenaline-stimulated lipolysis, were examined in relation to the respective adipose tissue TGFA. It was found in both in vivo and in vitro studies that lauric acid appeared to be less easily mobilized than longer chain acids. The in vitro studies indicated that this could not be explained either by positional preference of the shorter chain acids for the alpha-position of esterification or by increased reesterification of the shorter chain acids. The possibility remains that the difference is due to some specificity of tissue lipases for certain ester linkages.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1969

Short-term effect of nicotinic acid on plasma level and turnover of free fatty acids in sheep and man.

The effects of nicotinic acid on plasma free fatty acid levels and turnover and on plasma glycerol levels were studied in the first few hours after administration to man and the sheep. In both species a fall in all parameters studied was followed by a rise above basal level, interpreted as due to an increase in lipolysis above resting level. The significance of the findings is discussed.

Animals↗