Biomedical subjects
H C Benöhr
Publications and source records attributed to H C Benöhr.
[Polymyalgia rheumatica with Horton's temporal arteritis].
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[Non-Hodgkin lymphoma with gastrointestinal manifestations].
The gastrointestinal tract is one of the most frequent places of manifestation of an extranodal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. We have collected the dates of 27 patients--14 men and 13 women--with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the gastrointestinal tract. The age of the patients varied widely, the 7th decade being the most represented one. The stomach was the most frequent place of manifestation. In 2 cases the lymphoma spread over the whole gastrointestinal tract. At the time of diagnosis 12 patients had already reached stage IV. The histologic examination according to the Kiel-classification showed 11 lymphomas of low malignancy and 6 lymphomas of high malignancy. The prognosis was essentially determined by the stage, less by the histologic type of the lymphoma. Finally the possibilities of therapy are discussed.
[Long-term survival of adults with acute leukemia [author's transl)].
Seven patients with acute leukemia, 20 to 49 years old, survived 4 years or more. Three patients are in complete remission after 9 1/2, 5 1/2, and 4 10/12 years. One patient has been in second complete remission for 20 months after the first remission lasting almost 12 years. One patient relapsed after 37 months duration of complete remission, two other patients died after 6 3/4 and 4 1/4 years survival. All patients demonstrated at the beginning of leukemia aleukemic courses, normal or slightly decreased platelet counts, small tumor masses, and were free of severe infections. Cytochemical findings, blast counts in bone marrow and peripheral blood, drug programs, and duration of induction treatments, however, were no prognostic parameters for longterm remission.
[Effect of BCNU on glutathione metabolism in human blood cells].
BCNU (1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea) at therapeutical doses inhibits almost completely glutathione reductase of the patients' red cells and paltelets. Red cell glutathione reduction is diminished simultaneously. These changes are fully reversible in red cells and platelets derived in the following days after application of BCNU. Clinical signs of red cell perturbation after BCNU treatment have not been demonstrated. In vitro incubation of normal red cells with BCNU produces the same changes as i.v. injection of BCNU to the patients, but no reversibility is seen.
[Osmotic fragility in subfractions of leucocytes in hematological diseases (author's transl)].
Leucocytes of normal persons and patients with acute and chronic granulocytic leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma were separated into subfractions by centrifugation in discontinuous Ficoll density gradient. Osmotic resistance was examined in hypotonic NaCl solutions with decreasing concentration and by determining LDH activity in the supernatant. Suspensions of myelocytes, polymorphnuclear granulocytes, and lymphocytes of normal persons and patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia demonstrated the same osmotic resistance. Only myeloblasts were osmotically less fragile, and tumor cells of non-Hodgkin lymphoma more fragile.
[Enzyme deficiencies of blood cells in bone marrow insufficiency (author's transl].
Numerous enzyme defects-deficiency of pyruvate kinase, phosphofructo-kinase, glocosephosphate isomerase, adenylate kinase, 2,3-diphosphoglycerate mutase and glutathione reductase--in red blood cells have been described to be connected with dyserythropoietic or refractory anemias and panmyelopathies of different origin. These enzyme deficiencies also have been demonstrated in red cells of patients with acute leukemia. Most likely the enzyme deficiencies are acquired and are not important for the origin of anemia or bone marrow insufficiency. Partial derepression of fetal genes, qualitative and quantitative perturbations of genetic expression, and posttranslational variations of the enzyme protein by low molecular factors from plasma, erythrocytes or leukemic cells have been discussed as a reason of enzyme deficiency. The decrease of glutathione reductase deficiency is dependent of FAD deficiency.
[Alcohol-related disturbances in haematopoiesis (author's transl)].
Alcohol-related disturbances are seen against the three blood cell systems. They appear after important alcohol consumption within few days and are independent from the existence of liver cirrhosis with splenomegaly. They are promptly and completely reversible after interruption of alcohol supply. Disturbances in erythropoiesis are manifested in bone marrow with megaloblasts, ring sideroblasts, and vacuoles in cytoplasma and nucleus of nucleated red cells. They are caused by folate deficiency and by perturbations of iron utilization, which is perhaps connected with impaired heme synthesis following pyridoxal phosphate deficiency. Serum iron generally increases during alcohol consumption and decreases in the following alcohol-free period. The anemia may be macrocytic and normochromic or dimorphic with hypochromic microcytes. Anemias of hard alcohol drinkers are observed also as consequence of bleeding or hemolysis of different causes. The lability against infections of drinkers is associated with changes in granulopoiesis. The most important findings are granulocytopenia, vacuoles in the immature marrow cells, perturbations in granulopoietic maturation, and decrease of marrow response. Frequently, alcohol drinkers demonstrate thrombocytopenia which is caused by ineffective thrombopoiesis and by shortened life span of platelets as direct effect of ethanol. Functional impairments of thrombocytes have been published, too.
[Enzyme activities in platelets of different specific gravity in thrombocytosis of various etiology (author's transl)].
Platelets of patients with thrombocytosis following splenectomy, in chronic granulocytic leukaemia and in polycythaemia vera were separated into five fractions by centrifugation in discontinuous Ficoll density gradient. Platelet volume, content of protein and enzyme activities of lactic dehydrogenase, phosphoglycerate kinase and glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase were distinctly higher for the three groups in the heavy fraction IV compared with the light fraction I. With regard to the platelet volume, however, these differences were compensated almost completely like in the normal persons.
[Anemia in acute attacks of chronic polyarthritis].
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[On the mechanism of ascorbic acid induced methemoglobin reduction of human erythrocytes (author's transl)].
Ascorbic acid and dehydroascorbic acid penetrate the human erythrocyte membrane. In vitro methemoglobin is reduced nonenzymatically by both substances in concentrations of 10(-2) M to 10(-3) M. Dehydroascorbic acid is reduced nonenzymatically to ascorbic acid by GSH, even with low GSH-content of erythrocytes. Under physiological conditions ascorbic acid induced methemoglobin reduction is far less important than reduction by the NADH dependent methemoglobin reductase system. In methemoglobinemic conditions caused by toxic effects or by congenital methemoglobin reductase deficiency treatment with ascorbic acid is possible. However, critically increased methemoglobin content of the blood higher than 30% makes therapy with methylene blue necessary.
[Enzyme activities in normal platelets of different specific gravity (author's transl)].
Platelets of normal persons were separated into five fractions by centrifugation in discontinuous Ficoll density gradients. Enzyme activities of lactic dehydrogenase, phosphoglycerate kinase, glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase, pyruvate kinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and content of protein were constantly higher in the heavy fraction IV compared with the light fraction I. With regard to the platelet volume, however, these differences were compensated almost completely.
[Enzyme deficiencies in glycolysis and nucleotide metabolism of red blood cells in nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia (author's transl)].
The detection of enzyme deficiencies in glycolytic and nucleotide metabolism of human red blood cells has enriched the pathophysiological knowledge on the origin of nonspherocytic hemolytic anemias (NSHA). So far for 11 of 13 glycolytic enzymes deficiencies have been described which are connected with alterations of biochemical enzymatic properties. The most frequent enzyme deficiencies are those of GPI and PK. By performance of special electrophoretic techniques genetic studies allow the demonstration of homozygote and double heterozygote defect carriers. Up to now only adenylate kinase and pyrimidine 5' nucleotidase deficiencies have been detected as genetically determined in altered nucleotide metabolism. The metabolic alterations of several enzymopathies have been characterized so well, that the pathophysiological relations between enzyme deficiency and NSHA probably have been found to be a sufficient explanation.
Structural and functional characteristics of Hb Tübingen: beta 106 (G 8) Leu leads to Gln.
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[Hairy cell leukaemia. I. Clinical features, cytochemistry, phagocytosis, establishment of permanent growing cell lines (author's transl)].
In seven patients the diagnosis of hair cell leukaemia (leukaemic reticuloendotheliosis) was confirmed cytochemically and histologically. Splenectomy, in six patients, apparently favourably influenced the course. Isoenzyme 5 of the acid phosphatase was demonstrated in the hairy cells of all patients. Reaction of alpha-naphthylacetate esterase was moderately positive in the hairy cells. Phagocytosis of latex and India-ink particles was demonstrated especially in tartrate-resistant cells of one patient. In two patients eight permanently growing cell lines were demonstrated from leucocytes and defined cytochemically. Capacity for phagocytosis of hairy cells and positive reaction of alpha-naphthylacetate esterase in the hairy cells suggest properties of monocytes. But it is not possible definitively to classify the hairy cells among B-cells or monocytes.
[Reduced glutathione and enzyme activities in erythrocytes of various again myeloproliferative diseases].
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[Enzyme activities in thrombocytes of various density in subjects with normal and elevated thrombocyte count].
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[Glutathione (author's transl)].
Glutathione plays an important role in biology and medicine. Most cells of plants and animals contain high concentrations of reduced glutathione and a much smaller amount of oxidised glutathione. GSH is important for several metabolic functions of live cells, e.g. the protection of oxidative stress by peroxides, mediation of enzyme reactions, regulation of metabolic events, transport of amino acids across cell membranes via the gamma-glutamyl cycle, elimination of foreign compounds by GSH-conjugation, release of neurotransmitter substances. Irreversible perturbations of the glutathione metabolism may be the reason for severe clinical symptoms of hemolytic anemia or, perhaps, of central nervous disease.