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H C Heitkamp

Publications and source records attributed to H C Heitkamp.

29 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Normal values of isokinetic maximum strength, the strength/velocity curve, and the angle at peak torque of all degrees of freedom in the shoulder.

Many acute and chronic complaints in the shoulder joint are due to a reduced active stabilization capacity. Procedures to measure isokinetic strength are used to objectify the muscle deficits and imbalances of various muscle groups. In this study, standard values and reference ranges were determined for peak torque (PT), strength/velocity curve, and range of motion (ROM) at peak torque in the shoulder in 19 untrained women and 32 men. Differentiation was made by the individual degrees of freedom of the shoulder joint and the various types of work (concentric, isometric, eccentric). Moreover, the influence of height, body weight, and body mass index on isokinetic maximum strength development was investigated. It was found that it is necessary to distinguish between the various movements and types of work in development of peak torque. A decrease in maximum strength is observed in the sequence extension, adduction/flexion, abduction/internal rotation, external rotation. The maximum strength of men was determined to be higher than that in women. ROM shows a wide fluctuation and does not possess high validity. Height, as well as body weight and body mass index have only slight influence on the isokinetic maximum strength in the shoulder of untrained men and women.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Beta-endorphin and adrenocorticotropic hormone production during marathon and incremental exercise.

To evaluate the increases in concentration of beta-endorphin and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) 16 healthy athletes, well-trained for endurance exercise, volunteered for an exhausting incremental graded treadmill exercise and a marathon run. Maximum oxygen uptake was determined during the treadmill exercise. Venous blood samples were drawn before and after exercise, and at 30, 60 and 120 min during the recovery phase. For the marathon race venous blood was collected before, after 1 and 2 h of running and at the end, as well as at 0.5, 1, 2 and 24 h during the recovery phase. Lactate concentration, heart rate and perceived exertion were also determined at all points of blood collection. Both types of exercise led to significant increases in concentration of beta-endorphin and ACTH of similar magnitude, with beta-endorphin tending to be higher after the marathon run. The decrease of both was slower during the recovery from the marathon than after the incremental test. Concentrations of both hormones increased exponentially during the marathon run. Positive correlations between beta-endorphin and ACTH concentrations were determined at the end of both runs. It was found that incremental exhausting and prolonged exhausting endurance exercise such as marathon running induced an increase of similar magnitude in both beta-endorphin and ACTH concentration.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1991

[Long-term results of group therapy in heart patients. A retrospective analysis].

Thirty-four patients with coronary heart disease who had regularly participated 1.5 +/- 0.5 times a week in an exercise group were analyzed spiroergometrically on a treadmill and on a bicycle ergometer after an average of 1, 2.5 and 4.5 years; 20 patients were also examined after 6.5 years. The maximum performance and tolerance to exercise were recorded. After one year, an increase in performance and exercise tolerance of 9% was noted. In the subsequent years, performance on the bicycle ergometer stabilized on an elevated level. In the case of treadmill ergometry, no further changes were observed after 1 year of treatment. After an initial increase, the aerobic capacity remained virtually constant over the entire follow-up period. Group exercise in ambulatory coronary patients reveals a training effect in particular in the first year of participation, and stabilization of performance at a high level running counter to the effects of ageing.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

[Fitness for swimming after myocardial infarct].

Standardized telemetry during swimming and blood pressure monitoring were performed on 25 consecutive patients (22 men and 3 women: mean age 59 +/- 7 years) after myocardial infarction, sustained on average 28 +/- 26 months ago. Mean exercise tolerance, as judged by symptoms during bicycle ergometry, was 1.31 +/- 0.5 W/kg (pulse limit 117 +/- 21 beats/min). The swimming test had to be discontinued in six patients because of severe arrhythmias, in two because of severe angina. Seven patients completed the full swimming distance, but were also considered unsuitable for swimming because of moderate angina and dyspnoea. Ten patients proved to be fit for swimming. Their average ergometrically determined exercise tolerance (1.27 +/- 0.51 W/kg, pulse limit 114 +/- 16 beats/min) was not different from that of unfit patients (1.34 +/- 0.50 W/kg; 119 +/- 24 beats/min). During swimming the unfit patients had a significantly higher heart rate and blood pressure rise than the fit ones. Only in the unfit patients the exercise tolerance limit determined by bicycle ergometry was exceeded during swimming. This indicates that postinfarction patients should undergo swimming telemetry before declared fit for swimming.

Angina Pectoris↗
PubMed1991

Eccentric and posteccentric contractile behaviour of skeletal muscle: a comparative study in frog single fibres and in humans.

Eccentric and posteccentric force behaviour in human skeletal muscle and in isolated frog muscle fibres was studied by imposing stretch-and-hold loading conditions during contractions with maximal voluntary effort or under tetanic stimulation in the isolated preparations. The investigations on human muscle were made on the forearm flexors of a group of kayak racers (n = 16; age: 17-22 years) and of schoolgirls (n = 15; age: 17-18 years) with both groups participating in a strength-training programme over 4 (kayak racers) or 3 (girls) months. Half of the training regime consisted of eccentric elements. In the isolated muscle fibres, it could be shown that in the posteccentric hold phase the enhanced force decayed exponentially to the original isometric value with a mean time-constant of 0.35 s (10 degrees C) and of 0.23 (20 degrees C). In the forearm flexor of human subjects similar results were obtained not only qualitatively but even quantitatively (time constant of posteccentric force decay: 0.25-0.37 s). Strength training in both groups did not lead to an enhancement in maximal isometric force alone [mean increase in force 17 (SD 10)%], a well-known and generally accepted fact, but also to a parallel shift in eccentric [21 (SD 10)%] and posteccentric force level. The close similarity between the findings in isolated muscle fibres and in human muscle in situ suggests that the eccentric and posteccentric behaviour must be primarily ascribed to the contractile properties of the muscle fibres themselves. A three-element muscle model with variable visco-elastic properties would appear to be most suitable for simulating the experimental findings.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

The reproducibility of the 4 mmol/l lactate threshold in trained and untrained women.

Lactate threshold measurements are part of the routine testing done for training and diagnostic purposes. The reproducibility of the 4 mmol.l-1 threshold has, however, rarely been investigated. Twenty-seven untrained and 10 endurance-trained females each performed two incremental spiroergometric treadmill tests at 5% grade, with three-minute speed increase intervals. Running speed at the threshold increased from 1.9 to 2.1 m.sec-1 in the untrained and remained constant at 3.4 m.sec-1 in the trained group. Heart frequency and oxygen uptake did not change significantly in either group. The variability of changes between untrained individuals expressed by correlation coefficients was r = 0.63 for oxygen uptake, 0.55 for running speed and 0.42 for heart frequency. These figures for the trained persons were r = 0.61; 0.92 and 0.88 respectively. The higher reproducibility of the anaerobic threshold in trained women supports the high value attached to the anaerobic threshold in training guidance. For untrained women, training recommendations of the basis of treadmill tests must consider treadmill running speed to be 0.14m.sec-1 higher than initially achieved during the first test because of coordination problems. Training-guidance-based heart frequency must take into account a higher variability for untrained than for trained females.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Comparison of lisinopril and captopril in treatment of severe heart failure (NYHA III-IV) in high risk patients. Preliminary results of the trial].

We present preliminary data of a study comparing captopril, a short acting, with lisinopril, a long acting ACE-inhibitor in 8 of 12 projected patients with severe chronic heart failure (NYHA III-IV) and one additional risk factor (e.g. diabetes mellitus, renal failure). The 8 patients were treated in a cross over design for 12 weeks with either drug. While lisinopril improved NYHA-class in all patients, captopril reached this goal in only 3. Renal function was stable in all patients. Captopril influenced hormones (renin, aldosterone, norepinephrine, epinephrine) and microalbuminuria less than lisinopril. The number of adverse reactions was smaller in lisinopril treated patients. These preliminary data demonstrate at least an equal efficacy of lisinopril compared to captopril in high risk patients with severe chronic heart failure.

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors↗
PubMed1989

[Secondary prevention in heart groups from the viewpoint of the established physician. An empirical study].

Internists and general practitioners of a district were sent questionnaires bearing 14 questions relative to cardiac group therapy. The aim was to establish how well-known outpatient cardiac group therapy is, and also its value within the spectrum of therapeutic possibilities available. This form of therapy was considered useful by 85% of the doctors, although 57% (40% of the internists and 67% of the general practitioners) considered themselves to be insufficiently informed. Doctors with patients participating in such group programs were better informed. There were considerable differences with respect to the frequency of follow-up ergometric studies. To meet the considerable requirement for information, in particular among the general practitioners, special continuing educational courses should be provided.

Adult↗