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Biomedical subjects

H C Seftel

Publications and source records attributed to H C Seftel.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Pathogenesis of nonketotic hyperosmolar diabetic coma.

Two concepts are advanced to explain some fo the puzzling biochemical features found in nonketotic hyperosmolar diabetic coma. It is firstly suggested that an insulinised liver (reflecting residual beta-cell secretory activity) coexists with a diabetic periphery, thereby inactivating intrahepatic oxidation of incoming free fatty acids, which are directed largly along nonketogenic metabolic pathways such as triglyceride synthesis. This could account for the lack of hyperketonaemia. Secondly, it is hypothesised that within the liver enhanced neoglucogenesis occurs, due to the prevailing portal-vein into ratio of glucagon to insulin, and is mainly responsible for the development of massive hyperglycaemia.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Insulin, glucose and triglyceride relationships in obese African subjects.

Aspects of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism were studied in 50 nondiabetic African subjects living in Johannesburg. Twenty-six of them were overweight, invariably associated with a high-carbohydrate intake. In general, the obese group demonstrated significantly raised serum insulin levels, normal glucose tolerance, normal fasting serum triglycerides, and significantly elevated serum cholesterol concentrations. However, the degree of obesity was not significantly correlated with any of these metabolic variables--notably basal or stimulated insulin levels. This suggests that the obese state, per se, was not the major cause of the hyperinsulinemia, and that other factors influenced individual insulin responses or sensitivity. Inconsistently excessive dietary carbohydrate ingestion and an unusual degree of physical activity may have been important. A striking correlation emerged between fasting serum triglycerides and insulin concentrations (both basal and stimulated); the possibility that this reflects acceleration of hepatic triglyceride synthesis by insulin is discussed. The concept of obesity invariably producing insulin resistance and progressive compensatory hyperinsulinism may not apply in all environmental conditions.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Hormonal responses in ethanol-induced hypoglycemia.

Seven patients with clinical alcoholic hypoglycemia showed suppressed pretreatment plasma insulin levels and raised concentrations of somatotropin, hydrocortisone and pancreatic glucagon. A prolonged intravenous glucose infusion failed to elicit adequate insulin output and marked hyperglycemia supervened.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1975

Capillaries of South African diabetics. IV. Relation to retinopathy.

The muscle capillaries of diabetic subjects, with and without retinopathy, have been measured. The groups with retinopathy had significantly thicker laminae than those without the fundal changes. No significant difference was found between the group with proliferative retinopathy and the group with nonproliferative retinopathy. The focal and segmental nature of the basal lamina thickening was confirmed by the increasing standard deviation of the measurements within and among capillaries. This study also confirms the fact that, at least for muscle capillaries, an apparent relationship exists between the thickness of the basal lamina of these vessels and the presence of clinical retinopathy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Pituitary responsiveness to luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

Impaired fertility and menstrual disturbances are common in diabetes mellitus. In order to study the effect of diabetes on gonadotropin secretion by the pituitary gland, twenty premenopausal diabetic females and seven diabetic males were investigated using luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH). Although the gonadotropes responded to LH-RH in the patients studied, a relative impairment was apparent when compared to normal matched control groups. In the female diabetic patients there was no difference in the gonadotropin responses obtained in those with oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea when compared to those with normal menses. A significant inverse relationship was found between the maximum rise in plasma luteinizing hormone and the fasting plasma glucose. These findings suggest an influence of glucose metabolism on pitiutary gonadotropin function. However, the reduced gonadotropin response is unlikely to be the sole cause of the abnormal gynecologic function.

Adolescent↗