PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

H Cabral

Publications and source records attributed to H Cabral.

28 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Jitteriness in full-term neonates: prevalence and correlates.

The prevalence and correlates of jitteriness were evaluated in a sample of 936 healthy full-term infants. Jitteriness was seen in 44% of this sample: 23% were classified as mildly jittery, 8% as moderately jittery, and 13% as extremely jittery. Jitteriness was seen most commonly in infants who were sleepy or active and least commonly in infants who were quietly wakeful during the neonatal examination. Jittery infants were more likely to be difficult to console when crying (P less than .01) and less visually alert (P less than .001) than were nonjittery infants. Jitteriness was seen more commonly in slightly smaller (P less than .05) and shorter (P less than .001) infants, in those more than 12 hours old (P less than .01), and in those not exposed to general anesthesia (P less than .05). In an expanded sample of 1054 healthy and sick full-term infants, jitteriness was observed more commonly in neonates who had been exposed prenatally to maternal marijuana use (P less than .01), but not to cocaine use (P = .1), and whose mothers had a positive postpartum urine assay for marijuana (P less than .05) or cocaine (P = .06). The magnitude of these drug effects, however, was small. These findings have important implications for the early parent-infant relationship, pediatric practice, and future research.

Child Behavior↗
PubMed1989

Depressive symptoms during pregnancy: relationship to poor health behaviors.

Although depression is well studied in women, little information is available regarding depression during pregnancy. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlates of depressive symptoms as measured by the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale during pregnancy. Between 1984 and 1987, 1014 women, primarily poor and of minority status, who attended the prenatal clinic at Boston City Hospital were interviewed and were asked to furnish urine samples that were then assayed for marijuana and cocaine metabolites. Scores on the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale ranged from 0 to 57, with a median score of 16. Depressive symptoms during pregnancy were associated with increased life stress (p less than 0.001), decreased social support (p less than 0.001), poor weight gain (p less than 0.01), and the use of cigarettes (p less than 0.001), alcohol (p less than 0.001), and cocaine (p less than 0.05). These findings are important because these health behaviors have been demonstrated to have an an adverse effect on infant outcome. Interventions to change health behaviors during pregnancy should consider a woman's affective state, social context, and mental health.

Cannabinoids↗
PubMed1989

Drug use among adolescent mothers: profile of risk.

Adolescent pregnancy and adolescent drug use are important clinical and public health problems. Yet, few studies have systematically investigated the patterns of substance use among pregnant and parenting adolescents. Because adverse outcomes are not found uniformly for all adolescent mothers, use of illicit drugs may be a key factor in determining which mothers and their infants will have poor outcomes. In this study, the patterns of drug use are described and differences in the demographic and psychosocial profile among 253 pregnant adolescents are investigated. Results obtained from interviews and urine assay for marijuana and cocaine indicate that lifetime use was 84% for alcohol, 62% for marijuana, and 23% for cocaine, whereas use in the past year was 40% for marijuana and 17% for cocaine. Compared with nonusers, pregnant adolescent drug users were more likely to be North American black, have a history of elective abortion and venereal disease, report more negative life events and violence during pregnancy, and receive more support from the father of the baby who was more likely to use marijuana and cocaine (P less than .01). Furthermore, according to logistic regression analysis results after controlling for age and ethnicity, adolescents who used illicit substances in the past year were three times more likely to have a male partner who used marijuana or cocaine and were two times more likely to have a history of venereal disease compared with nonusers. The findings suggest that drug use, whether as a mechanism or a marker, is associated with social and medical characteristics that are likely to contribute to negative outcomes among adolescent mothers and their infants.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Cocaine use during pregnancy: prevalence and correlates.

Cocaine use during pregnancy was assessed by interviews and urine assays obtained prenatally and immediately postpartum from 679 urban women enrolled in prenatal care. Of these, 17% were found to have used cocaine at least once during pregnancy. Eight percent had urine assays positive for cocaine metabolites using the enzyme-mediated immunoassay technique with a cut-off of 300 ng/mL of benzoylecgonine. Of the cocaine users, 24% denied use at the time of the interview and were identified solely by urine assay. Cocaine users were significantly (P less than .01) less likely than nonusers to be married, Hispanic, or black born outside of the United States and were less well nourished. Users reported significantly (P less than .01) more sexually transmitted diseases, prior low birth weight infants, spontaneous and elective abortions, and greater use of alcohol, cigarettes, marijuana, opiates, and other illicit drugs during pregnancy. Because cocaine use is correlated with many potential risk factors, large sample sizes and multivariate statistical techniques are needed to determine whether cocaine use during pregnancy poses an independent risk for adverse neonatal outcomes.

Boston↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Is a general women's health promotion program as effective as an HIV-intensive prevention program in reducing HIV risk among Hispanic women?

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess whether participants in an HIV-intensive prevention program and participants in a general women's health promotion program reported greater HIV risk-reduction than participants in a wait-list control group immediately following program participation and at three-month follow-up. METHODS: The authors studied 162 Hispanic women ages 18 to 35 years, most of them immigrants. Three-fourths of the sample (74%) reported earning less than $800 a month, 29% did not have a high school degree, and 90% had children. Data were gathered through surveys at baseline, at intervention completion, and at three-month follow-up. Information was collected on sociodemographics, HIV risk factors, and risk behaviors. Crude and adjusted (for demographics and dose) logistic regression analyses were used to assess program effects on participants' risk reduction. RESULTS: Crude logistic regression analyses reveal that both programs resulted in increased condom use at post-test and follow-up. Only participants in the HIV-intensive prevention program reported increased safer sex negotiation at post-test and follow-up, however, and only participants in the women's health promotion program reported increased HIV testing at post-test. CONCLUSION: Both interventions increased condom use. The HIV-intensive prevention program appeared to be more effective in promoting safer sex negotiation, and the women's health promotion program appeared more effective in promoting HIV testing. The findings suggest that both approaches may be viable ways to package HIV prevention for short-term behavior change in this population.

AIDS Serodiagnosis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Percutaneous mitral commissurotomy with Inoue balloon. Short-term results. Initial experience at the Ignacio Chavez National Institute of Cardiology].

Percutaneous transvenous mitral commissurotomy (PTMC) using balloon catheters has emerged as an alternative to surgery for patients with mitral stenosis. This report details our recent experience of PTMC with the Inoue balloon in 20 consecutive patients with mitral stenosis from april 2 to july 27, 1991. Mean age was 35.6 +/- 9.5 years. Mitral valve area increased form 1.04 +/- 0.3 to 2.32 +/- 0.5 cm2 (p less than 0.0001). Mitral valve gradient decreased from 19.2 +/- 8.8 to 6.6 +/- 2.3 mmHg. (p less than 0.0001). Two patients developed mitral regurgitation greater than 2+/4 after the procedure. In none the residual left to right shunt was greater than 1.2L. There was no mortality. We conclude that in selected patients, excellent results are obtained PMTC with the Inoue balloon. Complications are minimal.

Adult↗