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Biomedical subjects

H Cannell

Publications and source records attributed to H Cannell.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Failure of two macrolide antibiotics to prevent post-extraction bacteraemia.

Two macrolide antibiotics, erythromycin and josamycin, were compared in a double-blind trial to examine their efficacy in the prevention of post-dental extraction bacteraemia in a group of healthy patients. An in vitro blood culture system was used. Isolates of streptococci were identified to species level. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of erythromycin and of josamycin for each isolate were estimated by an agar dilution technique, with controls. Levels of drug in the serum of volunteers and of patients were assayed after oral doses of the macrolide antibiotics. Levels found achieved early peaks and satisfactory concentrations for activity against streptococci. Within the specified parameters, the results demonstrated that the antibiotics failed to prevent survival in blood culture of various strains of streptococci for up to 24 hours following collection of the blood. It is recommended that an alternative antibiotic to either erythromycin or to josamycin be used to achieve prophylaxis against streptococci in infective endocarditis risk patients who are allergic to penicillin.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Comparative efficacy and tolerance of erythromycin and josamycin in the prevention of bacteraemia following dental extraction.

The tolerance and pharmacokinetics of erythromycin stearate and josamycin base were compared in healthy dental students. The efficacy and tolerance of the two antibiotics were compared in the prevention of bacteraemia following dental extraction. Erythromycin achieved higher serum levels at the time of extraction in dental patients than did josamycin. Erythromycin was rapidly and better absorbed than josamycin in the student volunteers, but josamycin caused less gastrointestinal side effects than erythromycin. Both antibiotics were only marginally more effective than placebo in preventing bacteraemia following dental extraction.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Predominance of resistant oral streptococci in saliva and the effect of a single course of josamycin or erythromycin.

We have investigated the influence of the macrolides erythromycin and josamycin on the selection of resistant oral streptococci by sampling saliva of volunteers before and after oral administration of 1.5 g of either agent followed by a further 0.5 g of the same drug after 6 h, as in routine prophylaxis for oral or dental procedures. The small proportion of resistant organisms present before antibiotic administration increased substantially 48 h after the macrolides were given. After antibiotic administration mean counts of oral streptococci resistant to 1, 4 and 64 mg/l erythromycin were 23%, 17% and 6%, respectively, of the total numbers of streptococci isolated; after josamycin, the values were 13%, 6% and 4% respectively. The proportion of resistant streptococci then declined gradually but remained above pre-antibiotic levels three months later. Streptococci isolated on media containing 64 mg/l of macrolides were mainly Streptococcus sanguis and S. mitis with one isolate of S. salivarius; the majority were resistant to 256 mg/l erythromycin, josamycin, all other macrolides tested and clindamycin. Amoxycillin and pristinamycin were the only compounds tested that were inhibitory to these organisms at therapeutically attainable concentrations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

The management of maxillo-facial injuries in vagrant alcoholics.

12 cases of serious complications of mandibular fractures in 16 vagrant alcohol-dependent patients are described. Psycho-social and metabolic factors contributed to the high frequency of infections, including osteomyelitis. The severe difficulties encountered in the treatment of patients with mandibular fractures and alcoholism are discussed.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1985

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the maxilla. Case report and review of the literature.

A case of malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) occurring in the maxilla is presented. Although MFH is now recognised as the most common soft tissue sarcoma of late adult life, it rarely occurs in bone and then more usually in the long bones. Presentation affecting the facial bones and skull is extremely rare, but should be considered in the differential diagnosis of bone tumours affecting the maxilla. Skeletal lesions appear more aggressive than those in soft tissues. Early radical excision is the treatment of choice although radiotherapy for inoperable tumours may lead to regression, as in the case presented here.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Head and facial injuries after low-speed motor-cycle accidents.

In the United Kingdom there appears to be little available information concerning the prevalence and the patterns of head and of facial injuries sustained in road traffic accidents by motorcyclists wearing protective helmets. The present preliminary survey was of 56 accidents in urban traffic. 50 per cent of surviving motor-cyclists incurred head injuries. Soft tissue facial wounds were sustained by 38 per cent and fractures of facial bone and teeth by 11 per cent of the injured. The majority of the accidents occurred at speeds of 30 m.p.h. or less to riders of machines of small cubic capacity. Motor-cyclists wearing open-face style helmets had more facial damage after accidents than those wearing full-face style helmets. The results of the survey suggest the need for research into the degree of protection against head and facial injuries offered by the various helmet styles and their constituent materials.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1979

Experimental intra-oral carcinoma.

Fundamental studies of tumour host relationships in oral cancer cases would be assisted if a suitable animal model could be found. Current concepts in the use of animal models for the study of intra-oral carcinoma are reviewed and the development of a unique transplantable tumour system which had been induced and maintained only in syngeneic animals, is recorded.

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗