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Biomedical subjects

H Chaney

Publications and source records attributed to H Chaney.

4 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

A comparison of bronchial drainage treatments in cystic fibrosis.

We compared standard chest physical therapy and postural drainage (CPT/PD) with a new airway clearance therapy called high-frequency chest wall oscillation (HFCWO) in a group of stable cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. In this crossover trial, 29 CF patients (15 males, 14 females), aged 7-47 years that met the inclusion criteria were randomly assigned to alternate CPT/PD and HFCWO, on a daily basis, over a 4 day period. Each patient received 2 days of each form of therapy; treatment frequency and the length of treatment were the same for both techniques. Expectorated secretions were collected during each 30 minute therapy session and for 15 minutes following treatment. The wet and dry weights of collected secretions were determined gravimetrically, and the therapy methods were compared. Significantly more sputum was expectorated during HFCWO than during CPT/PD as determined by both the wet (P < 0.001) and the dry (P < 0.01) measurements. This study suggests that HFCWO is at least as effective as manual CPT/PD in clearing secretions from the airways in patients with cystic fibrosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Longitudinal changes in lung function during the first three years of premature infants with moderate to severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease of prematurely born infants following prolonged mechanical ventilation and oxygen therapy. Developmental changes in pulmonary function of children with BPD during their early years have been difficult to study. We longitudinally studied maximal expiratory flow-volume curves by the forced deflation technique in 11 infants who had previous tracheostomy with moderate to severe BPD. Patients were classified into: those who were mechanically ventilated for less than 5 months (Group A), and those who were ventilated for 10 or more months (Group B). At 6 months of age, forced vital capacity (FVC) was 28.1 and 25.5 mL/kg in Group A and B, respectively, significantly less than normal (41.8 mL/kg). The maximum expiratory flow at 25% FVC (MEF25) at 6 months of age was 6.9 and 8.1 mL.kg-1.s-1 in Group A and B, respectively, (predicted value, 39.2 mL.kg-1.s-1). FVC reached the normal range by 12 months of age in Group A, but remained lower until 36 months of age in Group B. MEF25 gradually increased in Group A, reaching 18.0 mL.kg-1.s-1 at 36 months of age, whereas in Group B it was severely decreased at the same age (3.5 mL.kg-1.s-1). More than 75% of the patients had airway hyperreactivity at all ages. We have demonstrated that in patients with moderate to severe BPD, vital capacity is moderately decreased, but catches up to normal levels by 36 months of age. In contrast, severe lower airway obstruction persists in all infants, although in those with moderate BPD gradual improvement is seen. These findings suggest that in BPD neither obstruction of the smaller intrathoracic airways nor bronchial hyperreactivity resolves during the first 3 years of life.

Bronchial Hyperreactivity↗
PubMed1989

Cystic fibrosis in blacks in Washington, DC: fifteen years' experience.

Controversies exist regarding the clinical presentation and characteristics of cystic fibrosis (CF) in American blacks. Between 1971 and 1986, 188 patients with CF (165 whites, 20 blacks, and 3 others) seen at Children's Hospital National Medical Center, Washington, DC, were evaluated for age at diagnosis, duration of symptoms prior to diagnosis, clinical presentations, initial sputum culture results, and weight and height at diagnosis. Comparisons between black and white patients revealed no statistically significant differences in average age at diagnosis, average duration of symptoms prior to diagnosis, average sweat electrolyte concentrations, or sputum culture results. A breakdown of presenting symptoms by race showed some points of disparity. About twice as many black patients as white patients (40% v 22%) presented with only pulmonary symptoms, whereas slightly more whites presented with only gastrointestinal symptoms (46% v 35%). Those patients presenting with a combination of symptomatology were equally distributed by race (25% black, 21% white). At diagnosis, age-adjusted weight percentiles were significantly lower for black patients than for white patients (chi 2 = 9.60, P less than or equal to 0.05). Although the authors agree that CF is relatively rare among blacks, a high index of suspicion is essential for early diagnosis.

Black People↗