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Biomedical subjects

H Collmann

Publications and source records attributed to H Collmann.

30 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Cefotaxime levels in ventricular cerebrospinal fluid, determined by bioassay and by high-performance liquid chromatography.

Five series of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples, obtained from external ventricular drains (EVD) of 4 neurosurgical patients with cefotaxime treatment were tested simultaneously by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and microbioassay using E. coli V 6311/65 as test organism. Higher cefotaxime (CTX) concentrations in CSF were measured by the microbioassay method in 4 of the 5 series, reflecting the microbioassay being influenced by increasing amounts of desacetyl-cefotaxime (DAC) during the post-application interval. Decrease of CTX levels in CSF was consistently faster in tests performed by HPLC than those using microbioassay. The clinical efficacy in gram-negative bacillary meningitis is to be explained by levels of the parent compound CTX in CSF which are several times higher than the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of most enterobacteriaceae.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Congenital hydrocephalus revealed in the inbred rat, LEW/Jms.

We studied the development of congenital hydrocephalus found in a colony of an inbred strain of Wistar-Lewis rats (LEW/Jms) at various intervals after birth. The disorder was transmitted as a simple recessive mendelian character. Hydrocephalic neonates were recognized 2 days after birth by stretching of the skin over the head. Death usually occurred between 10 and 20 days of age. The findings suggested the possibility of a disturbance of cerebrospinal fluid circulation resulting from primary occlusion of the 3rd or lateral ventricles during embryological development. In later phases, the hydrocephalus was aggravated by obliteration of the subarachnoid space and by stenosis of the aqueduct occurring secondary to compression of these structures from increased pressure within the brain. In some animals, external hydrocephalus occurred as a result of rupture of the occipital pole and the establishment of a direct communication between the lateral ventricles and the subdural space. We looked for antibodies against viruses that have been known to produce hydrocephalus in experimental animals and obtained entirely negative results.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Cefotaxime in treatment of meningitis and ventriculitis? Evaluation of drug concentrations in human cerebrospinal fluid.

In three groups of patients levels of cefotaxime in serumand cerebrospinal fluid were determined. Therapeutic value and efficacy are discussed in meningitis patients. Nine concentrations of cefotaxime in lumbar and ventricular CSF out of 19 in a group of seven neurosurgical patients with mild to moderate impairment of the blood-CSF-barrier were higher than 0.5 micrograms/ml. In seven determinations in a second group of six patients with no or very little dysfunction of the blood-cerebrospinal-fluid barrier only twice cefotaxime was not detectable in lumbar CSF. Concentrations of cefotaxime in 25 determinations of lumbar or ventricular CSF in six patients with bacterial meningitis ranged from 1.1 micrograms/ml to 19.2 micrograms/ml. Treatment with cefotaxime alone was successful in a patient with E. coli meningitis and ventriculitis after infection of a ventriculo-atrial shunt and in another patient with pneumococcal meningitis and penicillin allergy. The other four patients with bacterial meningitis were treated successfully by antibiotics including cefotaxime.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1982

[CSF levels of amikacin following systemic application in patients with slightly and severely impaired blood cerebrospinal barrier (author's transl)].

Levels of amikacin after systemic application of 350 mg were determined by the agar well diffusion method in 12 samples of CSF and serum of 7 patients with bacterial meningitis and in 2 samples of 2 patients with viral meningitis. Only in 2 samples of CSF drawn after the first systemic application of 350 mg i.m. no antibiotic activity was detectable. In 7 specimens of CSF levels of amikacin were greater than or equal to 3 microgram/ml. In 12 tests of CSF of neurosurgical patients with only slight impairment of the blood-CSF-barrier, taken for comparison reasons, only in 6 samples antibiotic activity was found. Only one test revealed CSF-concentration of amikacin higher then 3 microgram/ml.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Tobramycin levels in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with slightly and severely impaired blood-cerebrospinal barrier.

Concentrations of tobramycin in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum of neurosurgical and of meningitis patients were determined following systemic application of 80-mg doses. Tobramycin was detectable only in 8 tests out of 17 in CSF of 11 neurosurgical patients. The highest drug amount in CSF in these tests was 0.47 microgram/ml. In CSF of 7 meningitis patients with CSF cell counts ranging from 173/3 to 20,500/3 cells, tobramycin was detectable in all 11 determinations. However, the tobramycin level was above 1.0 microgram/ml in only one CSF sample. These results also confirm the poor penetrability of aminoglycosides through the blood-CSF barrier for tobramycin. In proven gram-negative bacillary meningitis and tobramycin treatment, additional intraventricular aminoglycoside application is necessary to obtain effective levels in CSF. An exception may be treatment of neonatal meningitis.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1975

[Quantitative determination of human bone marrow proliferation kinetics during three culture days].

In order to obtaon of human bone marrow cells, fresh bioptic material was homogenized and the cell suspensions were incubated for 72 hs in a fluid medium. After 24, 48 and 72 hs of incubation the total cell number of the culture was determined. At the same time differential counts of stained smears were performed. Both, erythrocytopoiesis and granulocytopoiesis showed regeneration, maturation, and an absolute increase of the number of precursors and of mature cells. The quantitative data obtained in vitro during 24 hs correspond with our data of kinetics obtained by observed mitotic duration and cell differential countings in vivo. However, after a longer cultivation time we found a diminution of divisible precursors, and an increase of mature erythroblasts as well as an excessibe survival of the PMNs.

Bone Marrow Cells↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Cefsulodin in the treatment of Pseudomonas meningitis].

Three patients with meningitis due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa (in one patient following a neurosurgical procedure and in two patients following severe head trauma with multiple skull bone fractures and liquorrhea) were treated with cefsulodin in combination with other antibiotics (aminoglycosides/acylureido penicillins). All of the patients were cured. Two patients received intraventricular administrations of aminoglycosides in addition to systemically applied antibiotics. After recurrence of pseudomonas meningitis in one patient in spite of the intraventricular application of an aminoglycoside, definite cure could only be obtained by additional intraventricular application of cefsulodin. The third patient was cured by systemic administration of cefsulodin and amikacin. The value of cefsulodin is discussed with reference to obtainable ventricular and lumbar CSF concentrations.

Adult↗