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Biomedical subjects

H Colstrup

Publications and source records attributed to H Colstrup.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Intracavernous self-injection for treatment of erectile dysfunction inpatients with spinal cord injuries].

Twelve patients (aged 18-70 years, average 41 years) with known spinal cord lesions with durations of 1-25 years and with levels of the lesions from C II incomplete to L III complete received intracavernous injection of papaverine with a commencing dose of 15 mg papaverine. Following this, nine patients could obtain usable erection lasting from 30 to 300 minutes with doses from 15-60 mg. In one patient, however, 60 mg papaverine was supplemented by 5 mg phentolamine. The patients were then trained in the technique of self-injection. On contact 1-37 months after the primary instruction, eight patients had performed a total of 40 self injections with the object of coitus, which was successful in all of the cases. Because he had no partner, one patient had no employed self-injection but would like to employ the method if the appropriate situation arose. Two patients did not want to continue self-injection. One of these considered that the method was too complicated to use and the other had had an episode of prolonged erection requiring treatment. No other side effects requiring treatment were observed. The relationship to possible partners and the experience of libido, "orgasm" and feeling of self esteem as compared to previous experiences were registered. Six out of nine patients had experienced improvement in at least one of these fields and none had experienced deterioration. A total of seven patients planned to employ the method in future. The authors conclude that self-injection of papaverine is a promising supplement in the treatment of erective dysfunction in patients with spinal cord lesions.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1990

A technique for the dynamic assessment of anal sphincter function.

A technique which renders continuous measurement of the cross-sectional area and pressure of the anal canal possible during distension and contraction of the anal sphincter has been developed. Electromyography of the external sphincter is measured simultaneously. With this technique a more detailed assessment of anal sphincter function is possible, including the opening and closing pressures of the sphincter at rest, anal compliance, anal hysteresis and the maximal closing pressure during squeeze. The results of in vitro measurements, measurements on 16 healthy subjects and 6 patients with faecal incontinence are presented.

Anal Canal↗
PubMed1990

Mechanical properties of the urethra in healthy and stress incontinent females: dynamic measurements in the resting urethra.

The relationship between pressure and cross-sectional area in the resting urethra during its inflation and deflation was examined in 30 healthy females and in 30 patients with genuine stress incontinence (GSI). Measurements were performed at the bladder neck, in the high-pressure zone and distally in the urethra. The mechanical properties of the urethra were found to vary significantly as a function of time after induction of a cross-sectional area (stress episode) in both groups of women. The pattern of response of the urethra showed significant differences between normals and GSI particularly during dynamic conditions. Our results indicate that mechanical laxity of the urethra at the bladder neck and midurethrally especially at dynamic events (stress episodes) is of pathophysiological importance in GSI.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Variations in urethral and bladder pressure during stress episodes in healthy women.

Pressure variations in the urethra and bladder during stress episodes and their time separations were investigated in 30 healthy female volunteers. The pressure was measured by means of a double microtip transducer catheter with the distal sensor in the bladder and the proximal sensor at the bladder neck, the mid-urethra and the distal urethra. In advance of the pressure spike during cough a pressure rise was demonstrated in the bladder and at all 3 sites of measurement in the urethra. The urethral pressure increments preceding and following the pressure spike were statistically significantly higher in the mid-urethra than the corresponding bladder pressures. This active urethral pressure generation in the mid-urethra and distal urethra was initiated 200 ms before the bladder pressure began to rise. The pressure in the urethral high pressure zone was higher than the bladder pressure in all cases. Passive pressure transmission to the urethral high pressure zone can take place only insignificantly due to a continuous higher pressure inside the urethra than in the bladder and due to the location of the high pressure zone in the demarcation of the abdominal cavity. It was concluded that the urethral pressure rise in the high pressure zone during stress episodes is mainly generated actively by intra- and/or peri-urethral structures.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Skin reactions to urine in patients with interstitial cystitis.

Eight of 11 patients with interstitial cystitis had positive skin reactions to patch tests with urine (delayed type IV or irritant reactions). The positive reactions were seen to tests with the patients' own urine, but also, although less frequently, to tests with foreign urine as well. Immediate reactions (type I reactions; prick tests, scratch patch tests, and 20-minute patch tests) were not observed. The clinical morphology and the histology of the positive patch tests suggest a toxic rather than an allergic reaction, although the latter could not be totally excluded. The positive skin reactions may be relevant in the pathogenesis of interstitial cystitis suggesting a mucosal hyperreactivity to some component of urine.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Spontaneous versus intubated flow in male patients.

The spontaneous flow rate was compared with the flow rate obtained during a pressure-flow study with two 5F catheters in the urethra, in 57 male patients with various lower urinary tract disorders. Intubation caused a median decrease in maximum flow rate of 1 mL/sec (95% confidence limits 0-2 mL/sec). In patients with infravesical obstruction a significant decrease in maximum and mean flow rates was found whereas the flow rate was unchanged in the group of patients without obstruction. It seems that changes in flow rate due to intubation of the urethra is of minor importance compared with other factors and intubation may actually provide diagnostic information in diagnosing mechanical obstruction. It is concluded that the transurethral technique for pressure-flow studies offers a simple and reliable method for obtaining simultaneous pressure-flow values. It can be performed without further invasion in conjunction with cystometry. Therefore this technique is recommended in the urodynamic testing of male patients with lower urinary tract disorders.

Humans↗
PubMed1986

Stereological estimates of nuclear volume correlated with histopathological grading and prognosis of bladder tumour.

The aim of this retrospective study is to provide morphometric data which make grading of urinary bladder tumours objective and reproducible by stereological estimation of nuclear volume using the principle of estimating of the volume of particles of arbitrary shape. The study includes 92 specimens: 12 from normal bladder mucosa, and 80 from bladder tumours (15 grade I, 45 grade II, 19 grade III and one grade IV according to Bergkvist et al. 1965). After standard fixation, embedding, sectioning and hematoxylin-eosin staining, an unbiased estimate of the mean volume of nuclei sampled with a change proportional to the volume: (Formula: see text) was calculated. Here l0 is the length of the intercept through a test point hitting a nucleus measured in a random direction through the test point. The weighted means of nuclear volume in bladder tumours are spread over a wide range and show a strong correlation with the Bergkvist grade. Moreover, the relationship between the weighted mean volume of nuclei in bladder tumours and the prognosis is very good. Only one of 35 patients with a mean nuclear volume below 300 micron 3 died of bladder cancer whereas 18 of 19 patients with a mean nuclear volume above 500 micron 3 developed invasives tumours or died of their disease. This simple and fast estimate of nuclear volume seems to provide objective data of high prognostic value.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Voluntary contractions in the female urethra.

The continence mechanism of the female urethra has been investigated by a method that makes possible simultaneous recording of an induced intraurethral pressure and the related cross-sectional area. Muscular work, power and velocity of contraction could be calculated on the basis of these recordings at rest and during voluntary contractions of the pelvic floor. With these parameters it was possible to demonstrate 2 different components in the continence function: one in the mid urethra that maintains the closure pressure at rest and another more proximally in the urethra that is capable of fast, powerful contractions.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Urethral sphincter electromyography with vaginal surface electrodes: a comparison with sphincter electromyography recorded via periurethral coaxial, anal sphincter needle and perianal surface electrodes.

Urethral sphincter electromyography recording via vaginal surface electrodes was compared to simultaneous sphincter electromyographic registrations obtained with a periurethral coaxial needle electrode and perianal surface or needle electrodes in 10 neurologically intact women. Qualitative similarity of the vaginal surface and periurethral needle electrode recordings was found. Based on this and our previous studies, we conclude that electromyographic recording with vaginal surface electrodes offers a simple and reliable technique to evaluate the striated urethral sphincter during routine urodynamic studies in women.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Bladder distension in the management of detrusor instability.

In a 10-year period, 15 patients were treated with bladder distension because of urinary symptoms associated with detrusor instability. All patients had failed to respond to previous drug therapy. Ten patients had previously undergone surgical procedures for urinary incontinence, also without success. Five patients had repeated bladder distensions performed because of lack of improvement after the first procedure. Follow-up cystometry was performed in 14 cases. In all cases the instability was unchanged. Only one patient reported improvement in voiding symptoms. No complications were seen. With a success-rate of 6% (1 out of 15 patients) we do not recommend bladder distension with the present procedure as therapy for detrusor instability.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Rigidity of the resting female urethra. Part I. Static measurements.

A new probe was used to examine 16 female volunteers. The probe makes possible recording of related values of induced increasing and decreasing urethral pressures, and cross-sectional area in the resting female urethra. From diagrams showing these relationships urethral rigidity, defined as the change in urethral pressure divided by the change in cross-sectional area, and urethral hysteresis can be calculated. The study demonstrates the quantities and the significance of urethral rigidity and hysteresis during pressure measurements in the urethra.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Rigidity of the resting female urethra. Part II. Dynamic measurements.

The relationship between pressure and cross-sectional area in the resting female urethra during its inflation and deflation was examined in 16 female volunteers. This relationship was found to depend on the degree of inflation and deflation, the velocity with which the pressure or cross-sectional area changes were induced and the duration of the inflation. Therefore, the return of intraurethral pressure and rigidity to the starting point after a stress episode depends on the rigidity and hysteresis of the urethra and, as has been demonstrated by the time dependency of these 2 parameters, on the velocity and duration of the stress episode.

Adult↗