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Biomedical subjects

H Cooper

Publications and source records attributed to H Cooper.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Comparison of expression of a humanized monoclonal antibody in mouse NSO myeloma cells and Chinese hamster ovary cells.

We report a detailed comparison of two commonly used stable, amplifiable mammalian expression systems (Chinese Hamster Ovary cells/dihydrofolate reductase and Mouse NSO myeloma/glutamine synthetase) used to express a humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody. We compare copy number and steady state mRNA levels of both the selectable marker and heavy chain of the antibody throughout the selection and amplification process. In both cell lines, copy number and steady state levels of heavy chain and selectable marker increased during selection and were further increased during amplification. As expected, an increase in steady state mRNA levels of heavy chain correlated with an increase in expression of antibody whilst an increase in the steady state levels of mRNA of the selectable marker correlated with increased resistance to the selective agent. In NSO and CHO cells producing equivalent amounts of antibody, the copy number of the antibody genes and selectable marker was significantly higher in the CHO cells than in the NSO cells. However, the steady state mRNA levels of the heavy chain of the antibody were virtually identical. Rates of protein secretion in the two cell lines were also compared and found to be very similar. When the antibody purified from both systems was compared in a number of functional assays they behaved identically.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Retinal projection to the olfactory tubercle and basal telencephalon in primates.

The retinal projection to the basal telencephalon was studied in eight species of primates from the suborders Strepsirhini and Haplorhini, including one anthropoid primate, the gibbon. Animals received an intraocular injection of tritiated amino acids and the distribution of retinal fibers and terminals was demonstrated by autoradiographic techniques in horizontal and coronal sections. In all species a discrete group of labeled retinal fibers is observed to branch off from the dorsolateral aspect of the optic tract at the level of the suprachiasmatic nucleus. These fibers, destined to the basal telencephalon, are topographically distinct from the retinal fibers which innervate the suprachiasmatic nucleus and medial hypothalamic regions. The fibers of the retinotelencephalic tract course dorsally above the supraoptic nucleus through the lateral hypothalamic area and then proceed further rostrally and laterally below the diagonal band of Broca towards the olfactory tubercle. Within the olfactory tubercle, terminal distribution of label is observed in the mediocaudal region along the granular cell layer II. In the macaque this cellular layer shows a characteristic thickening in the region of retinal terminals which is evident in both coronal and horizontal section. In some species this labeled region is seen within the superficial bulge of the tubercle on the ventral aspect of basal telencephalon. In all primates the retinal projection to olfactory tubercle is bilateral. In prosimians label is predominantly contralateral to the injected eye, in New World monkeys label is equally distributed on both sides of the brain and in Old World monkeys label is mainly found ipsilaterally. Retinal fibers were also seen in the periamygdaloid region but never extended as far as piriform cortex. These results, in addition to previous studies in other mammalian orders, confirm that the basal telencephalon, and in particular the olfactory tubercle, constitutes a region of visual and olfactory convergence. This sensory integration may be related to photic and chemosensory modulation of reproductive physiology and behavior.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Immunogenicity of a hybrid Plasmodium falciparum malaria antigen.

A recombinant baculovirus-expressed hybrid protein containing epitopes for the C-terminal fragment of the Plasmodium falciparum precursor to the major merozoite surface antigens (PMMSA) and the tetrapeptide repeats of the circumsporozoite protein (CSP) was assessed for its immunogenicity. Murine MHC-II restriction of the antibody response to the CSP repeats was not overcome by the PMMSA component, the response to which showed no restriction. In an adjuvant trial the highest antibody titres in rabbits to both components of the hybrid were obtained using Freund's adjuvant. Lack of a boosting antibody response to the CSP repeats appeared to be linked to the conformation of the PMMSA component. Formulation of the hybrid protein into Iscoms gave antibody titres of only short duration to both components.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1993

Analysis of interferon-alpha 2 sequences in human genomic DNA.

We have analyzed the genomic DNA sequence corresponding to the human interferon-alpha 2 (IFN-alpha 2) gene locus. In human lymphoblastoid Namalwa cells, we have detected sequences corresponding to IFN-alpha 2b and -2c, while in human KG-1 cells both IFN-alpha 2a and -2b were present. However, in 100 independent IFN-alpha 2 clones derived from 20 unrelated Caucasian volunteers, we found only sequences corresponding to IFN-alpha 2b. Statistical analysis of this result suggests that the sequences corresponding to IFN-alpha 2a and -2c are either rare allelic variants of this gene, occurring in only a minority of the Caucasian population, or are restricted to transformed cell lines.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1993

Root canal treatment on patients with HIV infection.

Patients attending a dedicated dental clinic during the previous 24 months were assessed for the success of root canal treatment. Two groups, totalling 48 patients, had root canal treatment to 57 teeth performed by one operator. All treatment was carried out without antibiotic prophylaxis over two or more appointments. Patients with HIV infection had root canal treatment to 40 teeth. Sixteen patients in the control group had root canal treatment to 17 teeth. Short-term success was determined by follow-up appointments 1-3 months following obturation. No complications were experienced in either group, except with one HIV infected patient. The results of this clinical study indicate that root canal treatment can be carried out following standard procedures and without antibiotic prophylaxis.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Healing after dental extractions in men with HIV infection.

To determine the incidence of delayed healing after dental extractions in men with HIV infection, a retrospective audit was conducted of all extractions performed in a dedicated dental clinic over a 26-month period. The incidence of delayed healing in patients with HIV was compared with the incidence in those patients without HIV. Eighty men with HIV had 163 teeth extracted, which resulted in five dry sockets (3.01%). Thirty-six men thought not to have HIV had 70 extractions and three dry sockets (4.28%). All three dry sockets in the control group occurred in men who had tested negative for HIV antibodies in the year before their extraction. There were no other incidents of delayed healing. These findings contrast with other reports since they reveal no increase in delayed healing after extractions in men with HIV and do not support recommendations that prophylactic antimicrobials are required for extractions in this group of patients.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1992

Bonding Ni-Cr alloy to tooth structure with adhesive resin cements.

This study was to determine the shear bond strengths of Ni-Cr alloy to Ni-Cr alloy (Group I), Ni-Cr alloy to enamel (Group II), and Ni-Cr alloy to dentin (Group III) using Imperva Dual, DC Metabond, All-Bond, Geristore, and Panavia. All bonded specimens were thermocycled 2000 x (5 degrees C-55 degrees C) after 24 hours and subjected to shear bond testing on a Universal Instron Testing Machine. In all groups of the study, Imperva Dual and CB Metabond had significantly (p < .05) higher bond values than Panavia.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1990

Application of a LaserJet printer to plot the Farnsworth-Munsell 100-hue color test.

This paper presents a quick method of computing Farnsworth-Munsell (FM-100) scores and displaying these values on the polar coordinate scale usually associated with this test. The displayed results also present the clinician with a graph of the extended normalized score against cap number and a D-15 panel plot. The output is printed at high resolution on a Hewlett-Packard (HP) LaserJet or a similar printer compatible with or able to emulate the HP. The program is written and compiled in Microsoft-C 5.0. The code can be easily modified either to be customized, or to be moved across compilers.

Color Perception Tests↗
PubMed1990

Isolation of a new class of 'flat' revertants from ras-transformed NIH3T3 cells using cis-4-hydroxy-L-proline.

A new class of nontransformed revertant cells has been isolated from the ras-transformed cell line DT using cis-4-hydroxy-L-proline (CHP) as a selective agent. The new revertants, CHP 9CJ and CHP CB4, each contain two copies of the v-Ki-ras gene, elevated levels of phosphorylated p21ras protein, and rescuable transforming virus, indicating that the revertant phenotype observed in these cells does not result from inactivation of v-Ki-ras or inhibition of its expression. Both CHP 9CJ and CHP CB4 revertants show a greatly reduced ability to form colonies in soft agar and to produce tumors in syngeneic mice. CHP 9CJ cells are resistant to retransformation by ras and by additional oncogenes that do not encode tyrosine kinases. A comparison of oncogene resistance patterns in these CHP-derived revertants with those from our original ouabain-derived revertants fos C-11 and F-2 indicates that oncogenes may be divided into four general groups. Oncogenes that encode proteins structurally related to p21ras comprise the first group. The second group contains only tyrosine kinase-encoding oncogenes. The third group is composed of 'nuclear', e.g. fos, and 'cytoplasmic' serine-threonine-encoding oncogenes such as mos and raf. The fourth group contains the oncogenes sis and fms.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Minocycline levels in tears of patients with active trachoma.

We determined minocycline levels in human tears and plasma samples using high-performance liquid chromatography. In the first study, we determined the trough tear and plasma levels of minocycline in patients with active trachoma 24 hours after an oral dose. After a single dose of minocycline, the mean concentration of the drug in tear samples was 189 +/- 58 ng/mL and corresponding plasma levels were 578 +/- 290 ng/mL. In a second study, we monitored the pharmacokinetics of the drug in tear and plasma samples of healthy nonfasting adults. Tear and plasma samples were collected at 1 through 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours. The pharmacokinetics study revealed that 48 hours following a single 200-mg dose of minocycline, the mean tear level of minocycline was 68 ng/mL, which is above the in vitro minimal inhibitory concentration required for Chlamydia trachomatis and other susceptible organisms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Microleakage of three glass ionomer cement bases.

This study compared the marginal leakage in Class V restorations using three different GIC bases and a composite resin sandwich. The specimens were randomly divided into three equal groups, and the following GIC materials were used as bases: Group I: Ketac-Bond Aplicap; Group II: GC Dentin Cement; Group III: Shofu GlasIonomer Base. The results indicated less microleakage in restorations with a Shofu GlasIonomer Base while no statistical differences were noted between Ketac-Bond Aplicap and GC Dentin Cement.

Dental Cements↗