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Biomedical subjects

H Croft

Publications and source records attributed to H Croft.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

A placebo-controlled comparison of the antidepressant efficacy and effects on sexual functioning of sustained-release bupropion and sertraline.

Sexual dysfunction, a frequently reported side effect of many antidepressants, may result in patient dissatisfaction and noncompliance with treatment regimens. This paper describes the results of the first placebo-controlled comparison of the efficacy, safety, and effects on sexual functioning of sustained-release bupropion (bupropion SR) and the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor sertraline. This randomized, double-masked, double-dummy, parallel-group, multicenter trial enrolled 360 patients with moderate-to-severe recurrent major depression. Patients were treated with bupropion SR 150 to 400 mg/d, sertraline 50 to 200 mg/d, or placebo for up to 8 weeks. Patients' depression and sexual functioning were assessed at weekly or biweekly clinic visits; safety was assessed by regular monitoring of adverse events, vital signs, and body weight. Treatment groups were similar at baseline in terms of age, sex, and race, and most patients had a diagnosis of moderate uncomplicated depression. Patients treated with bupropion SR or sertraline showed similar improvements on all efficacy measures; both active treatments were superior to placebo in improving scores on all rating scales for depression at various time points. Significantly more patients treated with sertraline experienced orgasmic dysfunction throughout the study than did patients treated with bupropion SR or placebo (P < 0.001). Headache was the most frequently reported adverse event in all 3 treatment groups and occurred with similar frequency in each group (30% to 40%). Nausea (31%), diarrhea (26%), insomnia (18%), and somnolence (17%) occurred in significantly more patients in the sertraline group than in the bupropion SR group (18%, 7%, 13%, and 3%, respectively) and the placebo group (10%, 11%, 4%, and 6%, respectively). Dry mouth occurred more frequently with bupropion SR (19%) than with sertraline (14%) or placebo (12%), although the differences were not significant. Changes in vital signs were similar in all groups. Similar (small, but not statistically significant) decreases in mean body weight were seen in both the bupropion SR (-1.06 kg) and sertraline (-0.79 kg) groups, whereas the placebo group experienced a minor increase (0.21 kg). Although bupropion SR and sertraline were similarly well tolerated and effective in the treatment of depression, sertraline treatment was more often associated with sexual dysfunction and certain other adverse events compared with bupropion SR and placebo. Therefore, bupropion SR may be an appropriate choice as an antidepressant for the treatment of sexually active patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Randomized study of CODE versus alternating CAV/EP for extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer: an Intergroup Study of the National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group and the Southwest Oncology Group.

PURPOSE: To determine whether an intensive weekly chemotherapy regimen plus thoracic irradiation is superior to standard chemotherapy in the treatment of extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (ESCLC). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with ESCLC were considered eligible for the study if they were younger than 68 years, had a performance status of 0 to 2, and were free of brain metastases. Patients were randomized to receive cisplatin, vincristine, doxorubicin, and etoposide (CODE) or alternating cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine/etoposide and cisplatin (CAV/EP). Consolidative thoracic irradiation and prophylactic cranial irradiation were given to patients responding to CODE and according to investigator discretion on the CAV/EP arm. RESULTS: The fidelity of drug delivery on both drug regimens was equal, and more than 70% of all patients received the intended protocol chemotherapy. Although rates of neutropenic fever were similar, nine (8.2%) of 110 patients on the CODE arm died during chemotherapy, whereas one (0.9%) of 109 patients died on the CAV/EP arm. Response rates after chemotherapy were higher (P =.006) with CODE (87%) than with CAV/EP (70%). However, progression-free survival (median of 0.66 years on both arms) and overall survival (median, 0.98 years for CODE and 0. 91 years for CAV/EP) were not statistically different. CONCLUSION: The CODE regimen increased two-fold the received dose-intensity of four of the most active drugs in small-cell lung cancer compared with the standard CAV/EP regimen while maintaining an approximately equal total dose. Despite supportive care (but not routine prophylactic use of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor), there was excessive toxic mortality with the CODE regimen. The response rate with CODE was higher than that of CAV/EP, but progression-free and overall survival were not significantly improved. In view of increased toxicity and similar efficacy, the CODE chemotherapy regimen is not recommended for treatment of ESCLC.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1996

Rats' memory for serially presented novel flavours: evidence for non-spatial primacy effects.

Four experiments examined the effects of serially presenting a number of novel flavours to rats on their subsequent consumption of those flavours. In Experiments 1-4, rats were orally infused with 0.5 ml of flavour over 30 sec for each of five flavours in the exposure phase of the experiment. In these studies, primacy and recency effects emerged, the size of the primacy effect being related to the length of the retention interval, which varied from zero to twenty-four hours. Thus, both primacy and recency effects can be generated using non-spatial stimuli with rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

A short-term in vitro drug-screening assay for cancer chemotherapy.

In this short-term in vitro assay for detection of tumor cell sensitivity to drugs, we have replaced the traditional soft-agar colony-forming assay with the measurement of DNA synthesis, to determine the cell renewal capability of the tumor cell population. The tumor cells are treated with drugs and cultured for five days. During the last 12--18 h of culture the cells are pulsed with [3H]thymidine, then harvested for scintillation counting. The effects of drugs are expressed as the percentage of DNA synthesis as compared with that of the control. When the % DNA synthesis is less than 40%, the drug is considered to be effective. So far we have studied tumor cells from multiple myeloma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and carcinoma of lung, breast, ovary, stomach, and bladder. The overall negative predictive value is 1.0. The results are available within five days, compared with 21--28 days for completion of soft-agar assays; fewer cells are required; and the process is semiautomated.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Bupropion sustained release (SR) for the treatment of hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) in nondepressed women.

This article describes the results of the first report of bupropion sustained release (SR) in nondepressed females with hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD). Eligible females entered a 4-week, single-blind, placebo baseline phase. Subjects, all of whom did not respond to placebo, continued in a single-blind active treatment phase where they received bupropion SR for up to 8 additional weeks. We assessed HSDD by using investigator ratings of sexual desire and sexual functioning. Of the 51 evaluable subjects who entered the active treatment phase, 29% responded to treatment with bupropion SR. Bupropion SR was generally well tolerated. Pending the results of further study, bupropion SR may offer a treatment option for women with HSDD.

Adult↗