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Biomedical subjects

H D Moore

Publications and source records attributed to H D Moore.

16 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

The culture of human epididymal epithelium and in vitro maturation of epididymal spermatozoa.

OBJECTIVE: To promote human sperm maturation in vitro. DESIGN: Spermatozoa from the proximal epididymis were coincubated with epididymal epithelial fragments. SETTING: Hospital and research institute. PATIENTS, PARTICIPANTS: Tissue samples were obtained from men undergoing epididymovasostomy procedures or vasectomy. INTERVENTIONS: Fragments of epididymal epithelium formed everted epithelial spheres that in the presence of androgen maintained cell integrity. Coincubation for up to 48 hours of caput epididymal spermatozoa with 3-day-old epithelial cultures from the cauda epididymis was undertaken. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Morphology of epididymal epithelium was assessed by light and electron microscopy. Pulse labeling of tissue in vitro with 35S-methionine was performed with analysis by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis technique and fluorography. Spermatozoa were assessed for progressive motility and their capacity to bind to salt-stored human zona pellucidae. RESULTS: Epididymal fragments formed everted epithelial spheres that maintained cell integrity and functional morphology for 5 to 7 days. Specific proteins were synthesized in culture, in particular, proteins of 20, 22, 40, and 66 kd. Coincubation of caput epididymal spermatozoa with cultures from the cauda epididymis induced a significant increase in progressive sperm motility and sperm binding to salt-stored human zona pellucidae compared with control cultures of epithelium incubated in the absence of androgens or overgrown with fibroblasts. CONCLUSIONS: Aspects of human sperm maturation processes can be mimicked in vitro using coculture techniques with epididymal epithelium. This method may be valuable for improving the fertilizing capacity of human spermatozoa retrieved from the proximal region of the excurrent ducts.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1991

Differential expression of the mouse U1a and U1b SnRNA genes is not dependent on sequence differences in the octamer motif.

The mouse U1b SnRNA gene is expressed in only a limited range of cell types, whereas the U1a SnRNA gene is expressed in all cells. These two genes differ in the sequence of the octamer motif, which plays a critical role in SnRNA gene regulation. We show that the U1b octamer binds the octamer-binding protein Oct-1 with higher affinity than does the U1a octamer in both U1b-expressing and -non-expressing cell lines and tissues. Moreover, the U1b octamer can direct a higher level of gene expression than the U1a octamer when linked to a heterologous promoter and introduced into a non-U1b-expressing cell line. Hence the tissue-specific expression of the U1b gene is not determined by the failure of its octamer motif to bind Oct-1 or the weak affinity of this binding.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Short-term effects of androgen withdrawal on the structure of different epithelial cells in the rat epididymis.

Rat spermatozoa are highly dependent on the milieu of the normal epididymis for their maturation and survival, and die within a few days after androgenic support of the epididymal epithelium is withdrawn. The immediate changes in the ultrastructural organization of the epithelial cells of the rat epididymis, 2, 4, 6 and 14 days following castration have been monitored by morphometric analysis of localized regions of the caput and cauda epididymidis. While castration results in greater endocytosis by principal cells (Moore and Bedford, '79), many of their early structural changes following androgen withdrawal (disappearance of vesicles from the cell apex, reduction in rough endoplasmic reticulum, a drop in the volume of the Golgi cisternae and increase in lysosome content) seem indicative of inhibition of a secretory function. By contrast with the regressive response of the principal cell, the ultrastructure of clear cells in the cauda and of apical cells in the caput region appeared unchanged up to 14 days after castration. The implications of this evidence for specialized functions, and the suggestion of a differential androgen dependence among major cell types of the epididymal epithelium, are discussed briefly.

Androgens↗
PubMed1979

The differential absorptive activity of epithelial cells of the rat epididymus before and after castration.

Horseradish peroxidase introduced into the lumen of the rat epididymis was taken up by the columnar cells of the epithelium by five minutes and more so after longer periods. The apical cells and particularly the clear cells in the caput and cauda epididymis, respectively, showed significantly greater endocytotic activity than the principal cell in both locations. Within 14 days after castration, however, such differences in absorptive activity among the various cell types were essentially obscured because of increased endocytosis by the androgen-deficient principal cells. The results are discussed briefly in terms of the function of different epithelial cell types and secretory/absorptive activity in the epididymis.

Absorption↗
PubMed1977

The results of treatment for complete prolapse of the rectum in the adult patient.

A method of anterior fixation of the bowel in complete prolapse of the rectum is described. The treatment is based on the concept that abdominal pressure should be directed on the bowel against the pubis rather than directly onto the perineum. The results have been universally successful, without mortality and with excellent functional results.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

The binding of labelled basic proteins by boar spermatozoa.

Seminal plasma basic proteins were labelled with 131I. The efficiency of the labelling was studied by superimposing protein density traces on a radioactive fractionation plot. These labelled proteins were incubated with spermatozoa and shown to bind more readily to spermatozoa from boars after the removal of the vesicular glands than to spermatozoa obtained from their normal litter mates. Most of the labelled protein became bound to the membranes which were isolated by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. The membranes were separated into two bands which equilibrated at the relative densities of 1-150 and 1-165. These fractions consisted of membrane vesicles of different size; the smaller band on the gradient, which equilibrated at 1-165, consisted of denser membrane material.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Seminal plasma proteins and the reaction of spermatozoa from intact boars and from boars without seminal vesicles to cooling.

Spermatozoa from intact boars and from boars without seminal vesicles were resuspected in diluent and cooled at different rates to 0 degrees C. Glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and lactate dehydrogenase activities were greater in the diluents which had contained spermatozoa from intact boars than in those which contained spermatozoa from animals without seminal vesicles. The incubation of seminal plasma from an intact boar with spermatozoa from a vesiculectomized animal before cooling also increased the enzyme activity in the diluent. The factors responsible for this effect were associated with the basic protein fractions of boar seminal plasma, in particular the proteins with haemagglutinating activity which may have been adsorbed onto the spermatozoa. Spermatozoa were exposed to colloidal Fe(OH)2+ to determine by electron microscopy the charge on the surface of the plasma membrane of washed epididymal spermatozoa and ejaculated spermatozoa from intact and vesiculectomized boars. Epididymal spermatozoa bound the positively charged particles more readily than the ejaculated spermatozoa from the intact boars, due to the absence of membrane-bound protein.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

The removal of the seminal vesicles from the boar and the effects on the semen characteristics.

A technique is described for the removal of the seminal vesicles from the boar. The operation was carried out on twelve animals and six of the animals were subsequently trained for semen collection. The seminal plasma from the boars after surgery compared with normal litter mates had a more watery consistency and did not form the characteristic gelduring ejaculation. The sperm concentration was 49% lower while the total reduction of sperm number ejaculate was 78% in the experimental animals, but the ratio of living to dead spermatozoa remained unchanged. The concentrations of citrate and protein were significantly depressed in the seminal plasma of the animals after surgery and the pH increased; the osmolarity remained unchanged. In semination of gilts with the semen from experimental boars revealed no significant loss of fertility compared with the normal controls. Animals slaughtered up to 17 months after surgery showed no regeneration of the seminal vesicles.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Isoelectric focusing of boar spermatozoa.

The isoelectric points of washed spermatozoa from intact boars and from boars after removal of the seminal vesicles were determined using isoelectric focusing on natural pH gradients. Normal boar spermatozoa focused at a higher pH than spermatozoa from boars without seminal vesicles. The isoelectric point of the latter was increased to a value approaching normal by preincubation in normal seminal plasma. This indicates that seminal plasma alters the membrane surface charge of boar spermatozoa on ejaculation.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Abdominal aortic aneurysms.

The dangers of any abdominal aortic aneurysm are discussed, and the disastrous combination of an aneurysm and abdominal pain emphasised. These anerysms can be divided into 4 groups. The presentation and operative mortality for each group is discussed, as is the long term survival, state of the peripheral circulation and general health after operation. How results can be improved is considered. It is concluded that all such aneyrysms should be operated upon because of the good immediate and long term results in comparison with those not operated upon.

Aorta, Abdominal↗