Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to H D Schmidt.
The microsatellite systems TH01 and VWA31 have been typed and analyzed for three populations from Albania (city population of Tirana, and Aromuns from a small-sized village, named Andon Poci, near Gjirokaster) and Romania (city population of Constanta). The genetic data have been compared with other, particularly South-Eastern European population.
This study quantifies the effect of afterload and preload changes and of temperature on interbeat interval variability of the intact isolated heart. Ventricular pressure pulse records were obtained from isolated working rat hearts. The variability of interbeat intervals (BIs) was quantified by C90, the central 90% range of the BIs during 10 min periods; predominant frequencies were searched for by power spectral analysis. At 37 degrees C the BI lengths oscillated pseudo-randomly with BI variability C90< or =4 ms. Alternating signs of consecutive BI differences were predominant, and no peaks. were seen in the power spectra. Changes in end-diastolic and aortic pressure had little effect. From 37 degrees C down to 27 degrees C the variability increased about sevenfold, run phase length became randomly distributed, and individual, time-variant peaks occurred in the power spectra. BI variability vanished during atrial pacing. We conclude that: (1) effective mutual synchronization with minimal fluctuation happens within the sino-atrial node of intact rat hearts at body temperature, and synchronization is not affected even by extreme changes in pre- and afterload, (2) the sino-atrial node is the sole source of BI variability in the intact isolated rat heart, (3) low temperature hampers this functional organization which can be reestablished by sinus node accelerating agents (isoprenaline, theophylline), (4) decreasing frequency by N6-Cyclopentyladenosine at normothermia also increases BI variability but less pronouncedly than hypothermia does.
In order to ascertain the current clinical concepts in treating acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP), an inquiry was made covering 28 anesthesiologic, medical and surgical departments. Problems of particular concern were antibiotics, indication for mandatory ventilation, estimation of ERCP and needle biopsy, methods of treating intestinal stasis, criteria for surgical intervention, estimation of hemofiltration and estimation of mortality and hospital stay in survivors. Twenty-three affiliations participated in the study. Opinions varied significantly concerning antibiotic treatment, value of ERCP and needle biopsy, treatment of intestinal stasis and estimation of clinical course and outcome. Most participants were in agreement regarding the management of mechanical ventilation, nutritional support and surgical intervention. Eleven participants did not prefer a special medical discipline for the treatment of ANP but stressed the importance of efficient teamwork.
In isolated ejecting rat and guinea pig hearts, the sensitivity of the time constant tau of left ventricular isovolumic pressure fall, the maximum pressure fall velocity min LVdP/dt, and the relaxation time to different hemodynamic conditions, temperature, and isoprenaline were investigated. Tau was obtained by fitting the isovolumic pressure fall three-parametrically to the exponential p(t) = p infinity + (p0-p infinity) exp (-t/tau) which was found to be superior to semilogarithmic estimation. The influence of different working conditions on the relaxation parameters was tested by a rank correlation test and quantified by calculating standardized regression coefficients. Hemodynamic conditions were altered by changing left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (increasing inflow to the heart) and peak pressure (max LVP, varying aortic outflow resistance), and by atrial pacing (variation of interbeat interval). Lusitropic sensitivity was investigated by changing temperature and by applying isoprenaline. All regression parameters were only moderately sensitive to changes in end-diastolic pressure, max LVP, or heart rate, with the exception of a considerable afterload dependence of min LVdP/dt in rat hearts. This dependence, however, can be overcome to a large extent by dividing min LVdP/dt by mean aortic pressure. Isoprenaline strongly influenced all relaxation parameters, and so did temperature, except for relaxation time in guinea pig hearts. We conclude that tau serves as a reliable relaxation parameter, also in the hearts of small animals with heart rates up to 450 beats/min. In isolated hearts, min LVdP/dt, corrected for afterload dependence, is also suitable as a complementary index of the early relaxation phase.
High infant mortality, regional differences, and the remaining likewise differences over a long time period were already known in the last century. Multifactorial models were discussed to explain this phenomenon and great importance was given to social factors in these societies. We analysed two populations from the same region in South Germany with a high infant mortality in the 19th century. The environment (e.g. climate, rural regions) was similar, the two villages had small differences in population size. Since the end of the 16th century the two villages have belonged to different denominations, one village is catholic, the other protestant, and there are no marriages between them (until today). All data we analysed, came from parochial registers. The results show that in all decades of the last century the infant mortality was higher in the catholic population (about 450) than in the protestant population (ca. 350). We can find these differences on the microlevel, too. The comparison of families (marriages concluded 1840-1849 and 1850-1859) show the same effect. The analysis of the influences on the number of children per family and the age of the mother at birth of their children to infant mortality confirm the hypothesis that social factors, strongly influenced by the denomination, are the main factors to explain the differences.
In a sample of 410 Families eight body characteristics were examined concerning the appearance of heterosis effects in newborns. Distance between the parents' birthplaces, ABO blood groups and morphological typology were used as measures for the genetic differences of the parents. The t-test was applied to test differences between newborns of different distance groups of homogenic and heterogenic parents. Differences were scarcely seen. The best criteria for classification proved to be the categorization by morphological typology of the parents.
The genetic change in small populations which immigrated into Rumania have been considered with selected examples from three populations: Caraşova, Lindenfeld and Sumiţa, all of which have settled down in the geographical area of Banat and have remained cultural isolates over hundreds of years in their new territory. The population of Caraşova is of Serbo-Croatian origin (Kosovo and North-Albania) and immigrated into Rumania in the 14th century. The village of Lindenfeld was populated by groups of German descent who came from Bohemia after 1830. But, Sumiţa is inhabited by Czech groups of Bohemian origin which arrived in the Banat around the same period. The present paper compares these relatively small, cultural isolates with Cornereva, an area of an old Rumanian stock as well as with ethnohistorically or geographically related peoples. Allele frequencies of 7 genetic marker systems (AB0, MN, RH, P, KM, HPA, TF) were used for the calculation of the genetic similarity and distance between these Rumanian isolates and related peoples. High genetic similarity is encountered between Lindenfeld and Sumiţa which is, apparently, due to their common Bohemian origin. Both of these populations and that of Caraşova show a relatively low genetic similarity with Cornereva, the former endemic Rumanian population. These genetic findings are in good accordance with the ethnohistory of the populations compared.
Typing of 23 blood groups, serum protein and red cell enzyme polymorphism was performed on two samples from Baden-Württemberg, Germany. One random sample comes from the city of Ulm and its surroundings and the other from a small isolate located in Upper Swabia. While the Ulm sample displayed allele and haplotype frequencies similar to those of other German populations, the sample from the isolate turned out to be different.
Starting from the basic ideas of sociobiology we prove that Schopenhauer, in his "Metaphysics of Sexual Love", has to pass for a precursor of sociobiological thinking. Several consequences of this parallel are discussed: The quest for strategic principles of organismic growth and evolution as a positive characteristic of both approaches--the hypothesis of a dominant genetic determination of human behaviour as an outcome of a typical bourgeois view of mankind connecting Schopenhauer and sociobiologists--the necessity of taking into consideration biological predispositions of flexible (learned) behaviour as elements of sociobiological models enjoying the same rights as genetical ones--the utility of Schopenhauer's natural philosophy for the purpose of complementing historical knowledge of many disciplines (also psychology).
This is a report on an intra-abdominally fixed T-drain. Surgical removal was avoided without complications by detaching it with a ring stripper.
Age plays a considerable role in assortative mating. As regards this criterion we can distinguish a "rural, more traditional model" with high values of the coefficients of correlation, and an "urban model" with significantly lower values. Concerning eye and hair colour we find both these models as well as transitional forms. In contrast to this there are no important differences in assortative mating between the rural and urban populations regarding the physical traits. Size of population and length of marriage can strongly influence the values of these correlations. They decrease as the size of the population decreases, in which a person chooses his/her partner. Increasing age of the couples also results in a decrease of these correlations.
L-Sparteine sulfate (sparteine, 3 mg/kg) was injected intravenously over 3 min in 12 anaesthetized dogs in order to evaluate the inotropic effect of this antiarrhythmic drug on the heart in intact organisms. There was a discrete decline in left ventricular dP/dtmax which was transient within 9 min. No influence could be detected on right ventricular pressure rise velocity. Aortic pressure increased by about 15% and a parallel increase in left ventricular enddiastolic pressure was observed. Heart rate was slightly diminished. Pharmacological blockade of cardiac autonomic nerves did not influence considerably the effect of sparteine. Pretreatment with captopril and phentolamine did not abolish the vasoconstrictive property which was also present in a reserpine pretreated dog. Sparteine shows no pronounced inotropic effect in the heart in situ. It increases arterial blood pressure by direct vascular constriction.
Seriously ill patients with acute postoperative cholecystitis are at high risk from emergency cholecystectomy. A case is presented which shows that non-operative percutaneous cholecystostomy may improve the patient's condition. With continuous percutaneous drainage of the infected bile and selective antibiotic treatment, the patient's condition can be stabilized so that all the necessary preparations for elective cholecystectomy can be made.
In acute biliary pancreatitis it is the acute inflammatory pancreatitis rather than the cholelithiasis which dominates. Among 2161 patients with cholelithiasis seen from 1972 to 1983, 21% were found to have choledochal stones at operation. A total of 121 patients (5.6%) had "associated pancreatitis" according to the history as well as clinical and intra-operative findings. Frequency and site of cholelithiasis, as well as treatment and its results were compared with those in a group of patients with "acute pancreatitis of biliary origin" (145 of 447 patients from 1972 to 1983). Choledocholithiasis occurred equally often in both groups (36-39%). Impacted papillary concrements were found in 2.9% of patients with acute biliary pancreatitis, in 7.4% of those with "associated pancreatitis". Early intervention is practised only in case of impacted papillary stones, preferably by endoscopic papillotomy. Otherwise the timing of any operative procedure will be determined entirely by the severity and course of the acute pancreatitis.
Within seven years 23 patients were treated postoperatively by percutaneous bile stone extraction. This procedure was successful in 18 patients. Although an interval of 5-7 weeks between choledochotomy and percutaneous extraction is recommended, the procedure was done 11 to 31 days after surgery with no negative effects. In six cases the stones had to be dislodged into a more favorable position with a Fogarty-type balloon catheter. The papilla of Vater was dilated in two cases. With the development of newer techniques trans-T-tube extraction remains the treatment of choice in retained intra- and extrahepatic bile duct stones.
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Attempts at percutaneous removal have been made in 13 patients with solitary and multiple intra- and extra-hepatic biliary duct stones measuring 5 to 30 mm. The stones were fragmented with a Dormia basket and the fragments removed transhepatically. In ten patients the procedure was successful, including one patient with multiple intra-hepatic stones. The procedure can be recommended for cases of calculous obstruction of biliary anastomoses or of stones which could not be removed by endoscopy, or where there is already biliary drainage being carried out, or in patients with a high operative risk. In two patients, dilatation of the papilla was also carried out, in four patients a stenosis was dilated and in a further two patients, dilated and in a further two patients, electro-incision of a stenosis was performed.