Biomedical subjects

H D Stowe

Publications and source records attributed to H D Stowe.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed1983

Effect of dietary zinc levels on health and productivity of gilts and sows through two parities.

The influence of 0, 50, 500 or 5,000 ppm supplemental Zn on productive characteristics, weight change, and serum and organ mineral concentrations of 60 crossbred and purebred Yorkshire gilts was evaluated. Gilts were fed their respective treatment from 30 kg body weight until the completion of two parities. Sows fed 5,000 ppm supplemental Zn weighed significantly less than sows from the other treatments when killed. Serum alkaline phosphatase activity was higher for the sows fed the highest level of Zn in all replications at 10 and 14 mo of age than for sows from the other treatments. Sows fed 0, 50 or 500 ppm had lower serum Zn and higher serum Cu concentrations than sows fed 5,000 ppm Zn at 10 and 14 mo of age. The number of pigs farrowed (total and live) and birth weight were not affected by dam's dietary treatment. However, sows receiving no additional Zn had a higher number of abnormal pigs/litter than sows on the other treatments. Sows fed 5,000 ppm additional Zn weaned fewer pigs that weighed less at weaning than sows on the other treatments. The concentration of Zn in the sow's liver increased significantly and liver Cu decreased as dietary level of Zn increased. Sows receiving 5,000 ppm Zn had lower hepatic Fe stores compared with sows receiving 500 ppm Zn. Elevated renal Cu and Zn concentrations were found in sows fed the highest level of Zn supplementation. The Zn concentration was higher and the Cu concentration lower in the aorta of sows fed 5,000 ppm Zn compared with sows fed 0 or 50 ppm additional Zn. Incidence of osteochondrosis was higher in sows supplemented with 5,000 ppm Zn than for sows from the other treatments.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗

PubMed1982

Vitamin A profiles of equine serum and milk.

Serum and milk samples from mares and serum samples from their foals were taken at parturition and on d 1, 2, 4, 7, 14 and 21 postpartum. The samples were assayed for retinyl (r.) palmitate, r. acetate and retinol by high performance liquid chromatography. Peak vitamin A activity in milk occurred 1 d postpartum and preceded by 3 d the maximum vitamin A activity in foal serum and the lowest vitamin A activity in the mare serum. Mare serum contained approximately a 65:35 ratio of retinol:r. palmitate and less than 1% r. acetate. Retinyl palmitate was the predominant form of vitamin A in milk until 2 to 3 d postpartum, when r. acetate became and remained the predominant form. Retinol represented less than 1% of the milk vitamin A. A significant quantity of r. acetate was present in the foal sera at 4 d of age, but thereafter serum r. acetate appeared unaffected by the increasing r. acetate levels in the mare milk.

Animals↗

PubMed1982

Number and distribution of IgM cells and IgA cells in colonic tissue of conditioned sex- and breed-matched dogs.

Colonic tissue from 3 male and 3 female Beagle dogs was stained for immunoglobulin (Ig)A and IgM cells. The colonic mucosa was divided vertically into 3 zones with an ocular reticule. The mean numbers of IgA and IgM cells and the mean percentages of the total number of the IgA or IgM cells were determined for each zone. (A comparison of IgM cell counts obtained by 2 investigators gave evidence that the results were consistent between different counters.) Comparison of the data from males with data from females showed that there was no difference for IgM cells, but that young, male dogs had more IgA cells that did old, female dogs in that portion of the colonic mucosa that was closest to the colonic lumen. The number and pattern of IgA cells were similar to those found in a previous study of IgA cells which used male, mixed-breed dogs, ie, there were fewer IgA cells in the lamina propria closest to the colonic lumen than in the deeper lamina propria. The distribution of IgM cells showed a similar nonuniform trend. Finally, there were fewer IgM cells than IgA cells in the deeper lamina propria; however, the percentages of the total number of IgA and IgM cells found in each zone were equivalent.

Animals↗

PubMed1980

Influence of supplemental dietary vitamin A on the reproductive performance of iodine-toxic rats.

Several indications of metabolic interactions between vitamin A and iodine prompted this experiment to determine if oral vitamin A supplementation would alleviate the effects of iodine toxicity using aspects of reproductive performance of rats as criteria. Sprague-Dawley female rats were acclimated to a purified diet and assigned, at breeding time, to 2 X 3 factorial experiments (n = 60) to test the effects of 600 and 12,000 IU vitamin A (experiment 1) and 12,000 and 480,000 IU vitamin A (experiment 2) as retinyl palmitate per kilogram diet, on the reproductive performance of rats fed 0.2, 500 and 1,000 ppm iodine. At these dietary levels of iodine, the daily iodine intake of the rats during gestatin in both experiments was 0.003, 8.8 and 17 mg, respectively, and was not affected by vitamin A intake. The iodine intakes correlated positively with the percentage of stillborn pups per litter, negatively with packed cell volumes of the whelping dams and negatively with the survival rates of their liveborn pups. Most pup deaths occurred within 24 hours postpartum and were attributed to the iodine-induced anemia and/or agalactia. Vitamin A supplementation did not significantly reduce the effects of iodine toxicity on the parameters measured, although there was a tendency for vitamin A to reduce the percent of stillbirths in litters of dams fed 1,000 ppm iodine, to increase the number of weaned pups per litter of dams fed 500 or 1,000 ppm iodine and to maintain relative liver size of the iodine-toxic dams during lactation.

Animals↗

PubMed1980

Immunologic effects of experimental iodine toxicosis in young cattle.

A study was designed to evaluate effects of 4 dosage levels (0, 50, 250, or 1,250 mg) of daily iodine supplementation on cell-mediated and humoral immune mechanisms in 40 calves, 10 per group, for a 6-month period. Immune and inflammatory responses were measured by titers to brucella, leptospira, and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus vaccinations, by stimulation of lymphocyte mitoses with poke-weed, phytohemagglutinin (PHA), and conconavalin A mitogens, by intradermal PHA responses, by in vitro phagocytosis of Candida albicans by WBC, and by total WBC counts. Calves given 1,250 mg of iodine daily had significant (P = less than 0.05) decreases in persistence of antibody titers to brucella and leptospira organisms, in lymphocyte mitotic activity, in PHA injection induration, in phagocytosis by WBC, and in WBC counts. Calves fed iodine at 50 or 250 mg daily tended to have decreased leptospiral titers, lymphocyte mitoses, PHA injection induration, and in vitro phagocytosis by WBC compared with responses of controls. Seemingly, large amounts of dietary iodine interfere with titer maintenance to some antigens, with lymphocyte DNA synthesis, and with phagocytic activity of WBC.

Animals↗

PubMed1980

Effects of copper pretreatment upon toxicity of selenium in ponies.

Thirty-four adult ponies were used to determine the effects of single oral doses of copper (Cu) supplements (0, 20, and 40 mg of Cu/kg of body weight) on the toxicity of oral doses of selenium (Se) supplements (0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 mg of Se/kg of body weight) administered 24 hours after the copper was given. Signs of Se toxicosis-sweating, diarrhea, tachycardia, tachypnea, mild pyrexia, lethargy, and colic-developed in ponies given 6 and 8 mg of Se/kg of body weight without Cu pretreatment. Two of 4 ponies given 6 mg of Se/kg and both ponies given 8 mg of Se/kg without Cu pretreatment died within 36 hours after being given the Se. All ponies given either 20 or 40 mg of Cu/kg were unaffected by the subsequent Se supplement, regardless of dosage. The Cu pretreatment did not seem to inhibit absorption of Se, based on serum Se concentrations, but hastened the disappearance of the Se from the serum.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1980

Influence of exercise on serum selenium and peroxide reduction system of racing Standardbreds.

Blood samples were obtained from 45 racing Standardbred horses immediately before and immediately after a training jog at a commercial race track to establish reference values for serum selenium and related values of the peroxide reduction system of racing horses. Hemoglobin, hematocrit, and serum selenium increased significantly (P < 0.001), whereas RBC-reduced glutathione decreased significantly (P < 0.01) immediately after exercise. Glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase were not altered by exercise. Serum copper and magnesium were significantly increased (P < 0.01) after exercise.

Animals↗

PubMed1979

Lead-induced encephalopathy in dogs fed high fat, low calcium diets.

Growing, mongrel dogs were fed high fat (22%), low calcium (.1%) semipurified and purified diets with and without 77 ppm lead as lead acetate to experimentally induce the seizures and lead encephalopathy historically associated with accidental canine lead toxicity. Seizures were observed in 44% of the lead toxic dogs and microscopic encephalopathy was observed in 89% of the lead toxic dogs. The encephalopathy was characterized by bilaterally symmetrical areas of vacuole formation involving the neuropile especially in a laminar pattern at the tips of the gyri of the cerebral cortex. The spongy state was accompanied by capillary activation and gliosis. These lesions are similar to those reported in accidental lead toxicoses in other species but previous efforts to experimentally induce these lesions in young dogs fed low-calcium, normal-fat (16%) purified diets have been unsuccessful.

Animals↗

PubMed1976

Biliary excretion of cadmium by rats: effects of zinc, cadmium, and selenium pretreatments.

The significance of bile as an excretory route for cadmium (Cd) was studied in anesthetized, bile-duct-cannulated Sprague-Dawley rats during a 6-hr collection period. Observations were made on bile flow rates, the concentrations of Cd in bile following dietary and parenteral Cd exposure, and the influences of zinc (Zn), selenium (Se), and Cd pretreatments upon the biliary excretion of subsequently administered Cd. The bile flow rates ranged between 1.96 and 2.89 mg/g rat-hr (22 +/- 3 ppb Cd) for normal rats and between 2.68 and 4.09 mg/g rat-hr (58 +/- 6 ppb Cd) for rats fed 100 ppm Cd. Less than 0.1% of the Cd administered subcutaneously at rates ranging from 0.25 to 40 mg/kg rat could be accounted for in bile collected during the 5-hr period following the parenteral Cd injections. Subcutaneous administration of 8 mg Zn/kg rat or 0.5 mg Cd/kg rat on days 1 and 6, respectively, before the postcannulation administration of 1 mg Cd/kg rat caused a significant reduction in the biliary excretion of Cd during the bile collection period. Administering 2 mg Se/kg rat 3 days prior to the postcannulation administration of 1 mg Cd/kg rat caused a significant increase in the biliary excretion of Cd during the bile collection period. The biochemical bases for these observations are believed associated with the type of metal-binding protein induced by the respective pretreatments.

Animals↗

PubMed1974