[A mysterious enlarged liver (or, when the inferior vena cava strikes back...)].
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to H Deramond.
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Destructive spondyloarthropathy is a recently described complication of chronic hemodialysis. Three patients presenting spondyloarthropathy with destructive discovertebral lesions of the cervical or lumbar sections of the spine underwent surgery due to neurologic complications: persistent radiculalgia (two cases), regressive tetraparesis (one case). Discal lesions were associated with dislocation of the posterior intervertebral articulations and slipping of vertebrae. These patients had been receiving chronic hemodialysis for more than ten years; two presented hyperparathyroidism and blood aluminum was markedly increased in all cases. Two patients had undergone surgery for bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome. Anatomopathological examination of surgical specimens demonstrated the presence of amyloid deposits in the intervertebral disc. This suggests that amyloidosis, which is frequently seen with carpal tunnel syndrome in patients receiving prolonged hemodialysis, also plays a role in the development of spondyloarthropathy.
Lumbar phlebology satisfies the three essential criteria for pre-operative investigation: 1) it confirms and defines the extent and morphological type of N.L.C. according to several characteristic signs (progressive approaching of the L.E.P., absence of injection of the L.E.P., reduced opacification of the L.E.P.). 2) it enables measurement of the degree of constraint of the vascular and nervous tissues in the spinal canal by studying the emissary veins. 3) it can detect any vertebral disc lesion present, by studying the L.E.P. This additional clinical investigation, which the authors found to be quite safe, complements conventional radiological examinations, tomography, and sacroradiculography with Dimer X, during pre-operative investigational procedures.
The authors using high resolution (8 MHz) real-time echotomography have explored 100 patients. They certify that the presence of little hypoechogenic spicules at the periphery of a mass is strongly in relation with a parathyroid. They found in 17 patients signs of hypertrophic parathyroid; 8 of these had surgery with very good results for echotomography in 7 cases. Localizing parathyroid masses before surgery did not shorter time of exploration in these 8 cases. Ultrasonography, if positive, may relate biological troubles to a parathyroid etiology. It appears, that echotomography is a method of choice to survey chronic hemodialysis.
A theoretical plan for scanographic study of the femoropatellar space is proposed, based on the examination of 60 normal knees. The investigation is conducted at 15 degrees and is adapted to the morphology of the femoropatellar space, with the assistance of a "Scout view". Patellar rolling is evaluated before and after quadriceps contraction during indifferent and external rotation. The spatial resolution of the new apparatuses and the adaptation of the plane of the section should permit valid study of the femoropatellar articular cartilages. The operative decision should be based on both the results of scanography and clinical examinations.
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Bone radiological signs in six cases of systemic mastocytosis are described: lesions may be diffuse or circumscribed and of the condensation and/or rarefaction type. In most cases, however, the lesions are of the mixed type. Bone mastocytosis may occur without any cutaneous lesions and this emphasizes the value, from the diagnostic point of view, of radiological examinations of the skeleton. Diagnosis is defined and confirmed by three features: the association of condensing lesions and bone rarefactions in different regions of the skeleton; the presence of mastocytic proliferation in stained biopsy specimens from the posterior iliac bone which is not decalcified; fixation of 99m tc pyrophosphate in the axial skeleton on scintigraphy.
In this article clinical and neuroradiological features from a cohort of 48 immunocompetent patients who have a histologically proved primary cerebral lymphoma are considered. Our series consisted of 27 men and 21 women with an average age of 59. The clinical results gave 73% patients with a focal deficit, 46% with deterioration of vigilance, 35% intracranial hypertension, and only 8% with epilepsy, which was never revealing. We observed 4 uveitis of which 3 revealed, and preceded by several months, the neuroradiological manifestations. Histological classification using the criterias of the Working Formulation showed that 92% of our patients had a large cell lymphoma (class G or H). Precise analysis of computed tomography features of 40 patients revealed 46 lesions (most of them were isodense) before contrast medium administration. In all the cases, the lesion enhancement was intense and homogeneous. In 50% of the cases, there were multiple lesions. Sixty lesions were of the supra tentorial compartment, lobar in 32 cases, deep in 28 cases. Fifteen were infratentorial. From our experience, we can put forward the following suggestions: 1) Neuroradiological aspects suggesting primary cerebral lymphomas exist but none of them are specific. 2) Research of an uveitis is important, as this makes the histological diagnosis more simple. 3)The prescription of corticosteroids should be delayed until the histological diagnosis is certain because the primary cerebral lymphoma, which is very corticosensitive, is likely to disappear with this treatment and then change the biopsy results.