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Biomedical subjects

H Doi

Publications and source records attributed to H Doi.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Structure of the gene for human transglutaminase 1.

Transglutaminase 1 (TG1) is an enzyme that is expressed and activated during terminal differentiation of keratinocytes and synthesizes cornified envelope by a cross-linking reaction. The gene encoding human TG1 was isolated from human genomic DNA and characterized. It spans 14.3 kilobase pairs and is composed of 15 exons. All exon-intron junctional sequences conformed to the canonical GT-AG rule. The translation start was located in the second exon. The active site Cys residue of the enzyme was in exon 7. The coding sequence for human TG1 was comprised of 2454 nucleotides identical with the published human TG1-cDNA sequence (Yamanishi, K., Liew, F.-M., Konishi, K., Yasuno, H., Doi, H., Hirano, J., and Fukushima, S. (1991) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 175, 906-913). The sizes of exons from 3 to 14 were markedly conserved between the genes for the human TG1 and factor XIIIa, another member of the transglutaminase family. The one major and two minor transcription initiation sites of the TG1 gene were determined by primer extension. The 5'-flanking region of the human TG1 gene showed features of a housekeeping gene and contained potential regulatory motifs, including elements found in keratinocyte-related genes. The chromosome sublocalization of the TG1 gene was assigned to 14q11.2.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1992

Accessory bile duct draining into the stomach: case report and review.

Accessory bile duct with ectopic drainage into the gastrointestinal tract is an extremely rare congenital anomaly, and only 55 cases have been reported in the literature. We present another case of accessory bile duct draining into the stomach. Barium meal study of the stomach first revealed the accessory bile duct, and the diagnosis was confirmed by gastrofiberscopy, ultrasonography, hepatobiliary scintigraphy, computed tomography (CT), and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP).

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Hepatocellular carcinoma with extrahepatic primary neoplasms.

We experienced seven cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with extrahepatic primary malignant neoplasms (PMNs), which accounted for 7.5% of 93 HCC cases in our department during a 5.5-year investigation period. No common characteristics of the seven patients with extrahepatic PMNs in terms of age, sex, computed tomographic (CT) features of hepatocellular carcinoma, or presence of liver cirrhosis were evident. One of the seven cases had triple PMNs. Extrahepatic PMNs were found in various organs: stomach, colon, kidney, lung, larynx, and esophagus. Attention to extrahepatic organs should be undertaken in the management of HCC. Two patients in hepatic coma died 4 and 6 months after the diagnosis of HCC due to the advanced HCC, and accompanying extrahepatic malignancies were not the primary cause of death.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Maternal transmission of HTLV-1 other than through breast milk: discrepancy between the polymerase chain reaction positivity of cord blood samples for HTLV-1 and the subsequent seropositivity of individuals.

We used a nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to diagnose HTLV-1 carriers. The DNA isolated from the nuclear extract obtained from frozen whole blood was found appropriate for PCR study both qualitatively and quantitatively. The use of freshly frozen whole blood made the field work much easier, and the use of a nuclear extraction procedure allowed DNA isolation in just 4 microcentrifuge tubes. We could not attain sufficient sensitivity to detect a single molecule with single-step PCR, but nested PCR was confirmed to detect a single molecule/reaction. All samples of the seropositive group including 94 blood donors, 66 mothers, and 13 children were positive in the nested PCR, while none of the seronegative group, including 198 blood donors and 285 children, was positive. Although 18/717 (2.5%) cord blood samples obtained from babies born to carrier mothers were PCR-positive, none of 5 formula-fed children tested who had been PCR-positive in the cord blood gave evidence of infection later on. Furthermore, all of 4 seropositive infected children who were formula-fed had been PCR-negative in their cord blood. The results are not consistent with intrauterine infection, but suggest the presence of a perinatal or postnatal infection route other than through breast milk.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1992

Continuous negative extrathoracic pressure ventilation, lung water volume, and central blood volume. Studies in dogs with pulmonary edema induced by oleic acid.

The effect of continuous positive-pressure ventilation (CPPV) on extravascular lung water volume has been investigated, but there is only one report which studied the effect of continuous negative extrathoracic pressure ventilation (CNETPV). The effect of CNETPV on central blood volume (CBV) has not been studied. Changes in intrathoracic pressure by CNETPV may alter lung water volume and CBV. In this study the effects of CNETPV on lung water volume and CBV were compared with those of intermittent positive-pressure ventilation (IPPV) and CPPV in dogs with pulmonary edema induced by oleic acid. Nine mongrel dogs were anesthetized and given oleic acid at 0.06 ml/kg intravenously to induce pulmonary edema; CNETPV was applied with a cuirass and a negative thoracic pressure ventilator (Kimura OKT-100) for 1 h. Extravascular lung water volume (as extravascular thermal volume [EVTV]) and CBV were estimated with the double-indicator dilution method using thermal-sodium; PEEP and continuous negative extrathoracic pressure were matched to produce the same increments in FRC. The EVTV increased during CNETPV but did not change during CPPV. The CBV decreased during CPPV but did not change during CNETPV. An increase of transmural pulmonary microvascular pressure was thought to be one of the reasons for the increase in EVTV with CNETPV.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Rupture of hepatocellular carcinoma: predictive value of CT findings.

To assess the value of CT in predicting spontaneous rupture of hepatocellular carcinoma, we reviewed CT scans obtained within 3 months before the rupture of hepatocellular carcinoma in 23 patients (rupture group) and within 3 months before death of any cause other than rupture of hepatocellular carcinoma in 20 patients with tumor contacting or protruding out of the liver margins (nonrupture group). All the carcinomas in the rupture group were located in the periphery of the liver. They protruded out of the liver margins in 18 cases and contacted the liver margins without protrusion in five cases. For the rupture and nonrupture groups, respectively, mean numbers of involved liver segments were 4.2 +/- 2.3 and 2.3 +/- 1.3 (p less than .01); mean maximal tumor areas were 102.0 +/- 57.0 cm2 and 57.7 +/- 50.9 cm2 (p less than .05); frequencies of tumor protrusion was 78% and 50% (NS); mean maximal lengths of protruded margins of the tumor were 188.1 +/- 81.4 mm and 77.2 +/- 50.3 mm (p less than .01); frequencies of extrahepatic invasion of the tumor were 44% and 20% (NS); and frequencies of ascites were 78% and 50% (NS). No significant differences in age or sex of the patients and clinical stage of the cancer were evident between the two groups. Multiple regression analysis (p less than .005, r2 = .428) indicated that, of the CT findings, maximal length of protrusion correlated best (p less than .05) with subsequent rupture. We conclude that increased tumor size and extent of extrahepatic protrusion are associated with an increased risk for rupture of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Super-elasticity and thermal behavior of Ni-Ti alloy orthodontic arch wires.

Bending properties and thermal behavior of twenty commercial Ni-Ti alloy orthodontic arch wires were investigated quantitatively to characterize their suitability for clinical use. There was substantial difference among the load-deflection curves obtained by a three-point bending test. Some wires exhibited super-elasticity; load decreased little with decreasing deflection. Others showed good spring-back properties only; load was nearly proportional to deflection. Thermal behavior due to phase transformation of the alloy was examined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Some of the wires did not have the correct transformation temperatures to exhibit super-elasticity at body temperature. Moreover, thermal behavior was closely related to super-elasticity. There were clear thermal peaks in the DSC curves of the super-elastic wires. However, wires without super-elasticity had no peak in the DSC curves.

Dental Alloys↗
PubMed1992

Influence of composition and purity on tensile properties of Ni-Ti alloy castings.

The influence of composition and purity of titanium on the mechanical properties and the transformation temperatures of Ni-Ti alloy dental castings was investigated by tensile testing and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The compositions of the ingots were 49.0-49.2 at% of titanium content. Three grades of titanium of relatively high purity were used as starting materials. The result showed Ni-49.0Ti to be a somewhat brittle property, and Ni-49.2Ti to have low apparent proof strength and large elongation. Residual strain increased with increasing titanium content. Even small reductions of titanium purity influenced the tensile properties and the transformation temperatures, causing high apparent proof strength, low residual strain and low elongation because of the reduction in transformation temperatures.

Dental Alloys↗
PubMed1991

Importance of purine and pyrimidine content of local nucleotide sequences (six bases long) for evolution of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1.

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 evolves rapidly, and random base change is thought to act as a major factor in this evolution. However, segments of the viral genome differ in their variability: there is the highly variable env gene, particularly hypervariable regions located within env, and, in contrast, the conservative gag and pol genes. Computer analysis of the nucleotide sequences of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates reveals that base substitution in this virus is nonrandom and affected by local nucleotide sequences. Certain local sequences 6 base pairs long are excessively frequent in the hypervariable regions. These sequences exhibit base-substitution hotspots at specific positions in their 6 bases. The hotspots tend to be nonsilent letters of codons in the hypervariable regions--thus leading to marked amino acid substitutions there. Conversely, in the conservative gag and pol genes the hotspots tend to be silent letters because of a difference in codon frame from the hypervariable regions. Furthermore, base substitutions in the local sequences that frequently appear in the conservative genes occurred at a low level, even within the variable env. Thus, despite the high variability of this virus, the conservative genes and their products could be conserved. These may be some of the strategies evolved in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 to allow for positive-selection pressures, such as the host immune system, and negative-selection pressures on the conservative gene products.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1991

Molecular cloning of human epidermal transglutaminase cDNA from keratinocytes in culture.

We have isolated a cDNA encoding human epidermal transglutaminase, a key enzyme of terminal differentiation of keratinocytes. A cDNA library from cultured human keratinocytes was screened by a PCR-amplified partial cDNA fragment of the enzyme with oligonucleotide primers based on the homology of the transglutaminase family. The cDNA is 2734 bp coding a protein of 817 amino acids. The several regions including the active site cysteine residue are highly conserved among the transglutaminase family. However, the charged N-terminal domain is unique to the epidermal transglutaminse, suggesting that the region is involved in the function of the enzyme in keratinocytes.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1991

Murine thymic nurse cell clone supports the growth of fetal thymocytes in the presence of interleukin 2.

To investigate the role of thymic nurse cells (TNC) in activation and differentiation of fetal CD4-CD8- (double-negative) thymocytes, we have co-cultured murine fetal thymocytes (14-15 days of gestation) with an established murine TNC clone. We show here that TNC induced the growth of the fetal double-negative thymocytes in the presence of recombinant interleukin 2 (rIL2). Activated fetal thymocytes markedly formed lymphocyte-TNC complexes and proliferated extensively after 5 days in the co-culture. The activated fetal thymocytes in this co-culture condition remained double negative after 10 days in culture. None of them gave rise to phenotypically and functionally competent lymphocytes during this period. TNC alone and the supernatant of TNC had no effect on activation. The presence of both TNC and rIL2 was necessary for the growth of fetal thymocytes in our system. The proliferation of fetal thymocytes was inhibited by a monoclonal antibody against mouse IL2 receptors (IL2R). The fetal thymocytes could be maintained further in this co-culture condition. The prolonged cultivation of fetal thymocytes resulted in the establishment of the fetal thymocyte line and its several clones. CD4 single-positive cells of activated fetal thymocytes first appeared 14 days after the onset of culture and their number increased, whereas CD8+ cells or CD4CD8 double-positive cells were not observed. These results indicate that fetal CD4-CD8- thymocytes underwent phenotypic change after long periods of culture. All established clones of fetal thymocytes are CD4 single positive showing lymphocyte-TNC interactions but do not express CD3 complex. Northern blot analysis detected mRNA for the gamma T cell receptor, but no messages for the delta, alpha or beta T cell receptor. Chemical cross-linking of 125I-labelled IL2 revealed that the 90-kDa band (presumably considered to be the IL2R beta chain) was clearly present in IL2-responsive fetal clones, whereas freshly isolated day 14-15 fetal thymocytes lacked the band. Taken together, TNC might be involved in the differentiation and/or expansion of murine fetal thymocytes by inducing IL2R beta chain, which forms the functional IL2R together with IL2R alpha chain and CD4, one of the T cell accessory molecules, on the cell surface through direct cell-cell interaction.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Leiomyosarcoma of the duodenum.

Leiomyosarcoma of the duodenum is a rare disease and its characteristics have been described previously in the literature. We present a case of duodenal leiomyosarcoma, which was diagnosed by several imaging techniques prior to operation. Findings of computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasonography, and angiography in this case are discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Agenesis of the right lobe of the liver: case report.

Agenesis of the right liver lobe is extremely rare, and only 30 cases of agenesis or hypogenesis of the right hepatic lobe have been reported in the literature. Another case of agenesis of the right lobe of liver is presented herein. Diagnosis was established by computed tomography (CT), liver scintigraphy, and angiography. The radiological findings and differential diagnosis are reviewed.

Congenital Abnormalities↗
PubMed1991

[Serotypes and antibiotic sensitivity of hemolytic streptococci isolated from clinical specimens in Hiroshima Prefecture, 1987-1989].

The grouping, the typing and the drug-sensibility of hemolytic streptococci isolated from the clinical specimens taken from 4 medical centers in Hiroshima Prefecture have been examined and reviewed during the past 3 years 1987-1989. The results were summarized in this report. 1. Of 1572 strains of hemolytic streptococci, 844 strains (53.7%) were group A; 539 strains (34.3%), group B; 14 strains (0.9%), group C; 82 strains (5.2%), group G; and 93 strains (5.9%), the others. We found that group A and group B were predominant, and the incidence rate of group B was higher than it used to be. 2. The prevalent types were T-4 (37.9%), T-1 (13.6%), T-12 (12.0%), and T-28 (10.7%) in group A, while Ia (26.2%), M9 (provisional type 18.4%), and III (14.5%) in group B. 3. As far as the detection data of each month is concluded, during the summer season we could hardly detect group A which peak of occurrence during the winter season. These findings were really consistent with the occurrence pattern of those patients who suffered from streptococcal infectious disease. But this occurrence pattern couldn't be found in group B. 4. In our study, the positive frequency was throat swab greater than urine greater than sputum greater than vaginal swab greater than pus greater than ear secretion in order. Group A was mainly isolated from throat swab, while group B, from several specimens including urine. 5. We found that there was a high drug-sensibility to the beta-lactam drugs in all strains except for 3 strains of group B which were resistant to CEX.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1991

Alternating chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide/adriamycin/vincristine (CAV) and cisplatin/etoposide (PVP) against small cell lung cancer. Eastern Shikoku Lung Cancer Chemotherapy Group.

Seventy-four confirmed small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients received alternating combination chemotherapy with CAV and PVP. The CAV comprised of cyclophosphamide 800 mg/m2 on day 1, adriamycin 50 mg/m2 on day 1 and vincristine 1.4 mg/m2 on day 1, administered every 3-4 weeks. The PVP comprised cisplatin 80 mg/m2 on day 1 and etoposide 75 mg/m2 on day 1-5 administered every 3-4 weeks. Of these 74 patients, 63 (85.1%) achieved complete or partial responses with 16 (21.6%) obtaining a complete response. The median survival time was 13.2 months: 10.4 months in patients with extensive disease (ED), 16.3 months in those with limited disease (LD). A three-year disease-free period was achieved in eight patients (11.2%: 4.8% with ED, 16.8% with LD). The median duration of response was 28.3 weeks: 20.1 weeks with ED and 44.0 weeks with LD. The most commonly encountered side effects were nausea, vomiting, alopecia and myelosuppression but all were tolerable. We consider CAV-PVP to be an effective combination regimen for treating SCLC.

Adult↗