Biomedical subjects

H Domon

Publications and source records attributed to H Domon.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

Balance of inflammatory response in stable gingivitis and progressive periodontitis lesions.

The balance between inflammatory mediators and their counter-regulatory molecules may be crucial for determining the outcome of immune pathology of periodontal diseases. Based on clinical and immunological findings, the immune response in stable gingivitis lesion is supposed to be in balance, whereas the response is skewed towards the predominance of proinflammatory reactivity in progressive periodontitis lesion. However, this hypothesis has not been verified. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the gene expression profile of inflammatory mediators including proinflammatory cytokines and other inflammatory molecules, and anti-inflammatory cytokines by using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in gingivitis and periodontitis lesions showing distinct clinical entities. For inflammatory mediators, interleukin (IL)-1beta, interferon (IFN)-gamma and receptor activator of nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB ligand tended to be higher in periodontitis, whereas tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and IL-12 p40 showed no difference. Heat-shock protein 60 (HSP60) expression was up-regulated significantly in periodontitis. For anti-inflammatory cytokines, transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 expression tended to be higher in periodontitis compared with gingivitis, whereas no difference was observed for IL-10 and IL-4. These findings support further our previous finding that autoimmune response to HSP60 may exert in periodontitis lesion, and suggest that perhaps subtle differences in the balance of cytokines may result in different disease expression.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Gene expression analysis of the CD4+ T-cell clones derived from gingival tissues of periodontitis patients.

The function of T cells infiltrating periodontitis lesions is complex and has not been fully elucidated. Here, we established T-cell clones from the gingival tissues of periodontitis patients and examined their gene expression. A total of 57 and 101 T-cell clones were established by means of immobilized anti-CD3 antibody and IL-2 from gingival tissues and peripheral blood, respectively. The gingival T-cell clones were derived from three patients, and the peripheral blood T-cell clones from two of these patients and a further patient whose gingival T-cell clones were not established. Gingival tissues were also obtained from a further 19 periodontitis patients. The expression of cytokines and molecules related to both regulatory function and tissue destruction were examined by means of reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. All the gingival T-cell clones expressed mRNA for TGF-beta1, CTLA-4, and CD25, and all the T-cell clones from peripheral blood expressed IFN-gamma and TGF-beta1 mRNAs. Most but not all the T-cell clones from gingival tissues and peripheral blood expressed mRNA for IFN-gamma and, CD25 and CTLA-4, respectively. The frequency of T-cell clones and gingival tissues expressing FOXP3, a possible master gene for mouse CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells, was very high (97%, 93%, and 100% for gingival T-cell clones, peripheral blood T-cell clones, and gingival tissues, respectively). Whereas the frequency of IL-4-expressing T-cell clones was lower for gingival T-cell clones (70% vs. 87%), the frequency of the gingival T-cell clones expressing IL-10 and IL-17 was higher than peripheral blood T-cell clones (75% vs. 62% for IL-10, 51% vs. 11% for IL-17). A similar expression profile was observed for gingival T-cell clones compared with gingival tissue samples with the exception of IL-4 expression, where the frequency of positive samples was lower in the gingival tissues (70% vs. 11%). These results suggest that the individual T cells infiltrating gingival lesions can express mRNA for both Th1 and Th2 cytokines as well as regulatory cytokines simultaneously.

Antigens, CD↗

PubMed2001

The in vivo activity of olamufloxacin (HSR-903) in systemic and urinary tract infections in mice.

The in vivo activity of olamufloxacin (HSR-903), a new fluoroquinolone, was evaluated and compared with ciprofloxacin, sparfloxacin and levofloxacin. Olamufloxacin was active against systemic infection in mice inoculated with both Gram-positive and -negative bacteria. Olamufloxacin had equal efficacy for experimental urinary tract infections in mice caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Animals↗

PubMed1999

Partial purification and characterization of the active entity responsible for inducing interleukin-6 production by human gingival fibroblasts from Mycoplasma salivarium cells.

The active entity responsible for inducing interleukin-6 production by human gingival fibroblasts was partially purified by ion-exchange chromatography from the water-soluble fraction of Mycoplasma salivarium cells. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the final preparation revealed one densely stained band with a molecular weight of 20.6 kilodaltons and two faint bands with molecular weights of 40.5 and 82.5 kilodaltons. The specific activity of the final preparation was 34-fold higher than that of the starting water-soluble fraction. The interleukin-6-inducing activity was destroyed by proteinase K and reduced 70% by lipoprotein lipase and heat treatment, but was not affected by deoxyribonuclease I or endoglucosidase D. The final preparation induced small amounts of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-lbeta in a myelomonocytic cell line, THP-1 cells, but did not induce interleukin-6. The ability of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide to stimulate human gingival fibroblasts to release interleukin-6 was dependent upon the presence of serum in the assay medium, but that of the final preparation from M. salivarium was not. Thus, we partially purified the protein(s) from M. salivarium which were capable of stimulating human gingival fibroblasts to release interleukin-6 by a mechanism different from that of E. coli lipopolysaccharide.

Bacterial Proteins↗

PubMed1999

Detection of Mycoplasma fermentans in saliva sampled from infants, preschool and school children, adolescents and adults by a polymerase chain reaction-based assay.

Attempts were made to detect Mycoplasma fermentans in saliva sampled from 201 subjects (108 males and 93 females) aged from 4 months to 59 years by a polymerase chain reaction-based assay. M. fermentans was detected in saliva from 110 (54.7%) of 201 subjects, and 10 (28.6%) of 35 subjects aged from 4 months to 3 years. Of ten positive subjects, three were aged from 16 to 23 months and five were from 26 to 31 months. The incidence tended to increase with age up to the teens. The incidence was significantly greater in teenagers than in subjects aged from 7 to 12 years, but there was no significant difference in the incidence between the group of teenagers and each of the groups of subjects older than the teenagers. Thus, it was suggested that M. fermentans colonized the mouth at the age of about 16 months up to the age of 19 years.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1999

[In vitro and in vivo activities of cefpodoxime proxetil against penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae].

We evaluated in vitro and in vivo activities of cefpodoxime proxetil (CPDX-PR) in comparison with other oral beta-lactams, cefdinir (CFDN), cefditoren pivoxil (CDTR-PI), and faropenem (FRPM), against penicillin-susceptible and -resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. In vitro activities (MICs) of CPDX, CFDN, CDTR, and FRPM against clinical isolates, penicillin-susceptible S. pneumoniae (PSSP: MIC of penicillin G, < or = 0.063 microgram/ml), penicillin-intermediate S. pneumoniae (PISP: MIC of penicillin G, 0.125-1 microgram/ml), and penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae (PRSP: MIC of penicillin G, > or = 2 micrograms/ml), were tested by an agar dilution method. The MIC80s of CPDX against 27 PSSP strains, 23 PISP strains, and 23 PRSP strains were 0.032, 1, and 8 micrograms/ml, respectively, which were superior to or equal to those of CFDN (0.063, 4, and 8 micrograms/ml) and were inferior to those of CDTR (0.016, 0.5, and 1 microgram/ml) and FRPM (< or = 0.008, 0.25, and 1 microgram/ml). Infection was induced in mice by inoculating with a PRSP clinical isolate, 9605 or 9601 (serotype 6), or 10692 (serotype 19), through the nares of male ddY mice into the lungs. The mice were treated with drugs with doses of 2-50 mg/kg at 18, 26, 42, and 50 hours after the infection. Viable cell numbers in the lungs and blood were assayed at 66 hours after the infection. The efficacy of each drug was dose-dependent. CPDX-PR showed the most potent in vivo efficacy among the drugs tested against the infections caused by the PRSP strains. MICs of the drugs against PRSP 9605, 9601, and 10692 were as follows: CPDX, 4, 4 and 2 micrograms/ml; CFDN, 16, 16, and 4 micrograms/ml; CDTR, 1, 1, and 0.5 microgram/ml; and FRPM, 1, 0.5, and 0.5 microgram/ml, respectively. Thus, CPDX-PR showed a stronger in vivo activity than that expected from the MICs of CPDX. This was probably caused by the pharmacokinetic advantage of CPDX over the other drugs used in this study.

Animals↗

PubMed1998

Interactions of plaunotol with bacterial membranes.

Plaunotol, a cytoprotective antiulcer agent, has a bactericidal effect against Helicobacter pylori, which may result from interaction of this compound with the bacterial cell membrane. The purpose of the present study was to confirm that plaunotol interacts with the H. pylori membrane. Membrane fluidities were measured using two stearic acid spin labels, namely 5-doxyl-stearic acid (in which the nitroxide group is located in the upper portion of the bacterial cell membrane) and 16-doxyl-stearic acid methyl ester (in which the nitroxide group is located deeper in the bacterial cell membrane), by means of electron spin resonance. The membrane fluidities of plaunotol-treated cells were significantly increased in the measurements made using the two spin labels. We also attempted to isolate plaunotol-resistant H. pylori in vitro by two different methods. To assess the level of resistance that could be reached, H. pylori was passaged five times on an agar plate containing subinhibitory concentrations of plaunotol or metronidazole. To measure the rate of development of resistance, H. pylori was grown with subinhibitory concentrations (0.25 x MIC) of plaunotol or metronidazole, and quantitatively plated on to medium containing 4 x MIC of the compounds. This treatment was repeated once more. No plaunotol-resistant colonies were selected by the two methods. H. pylori developed resistance to metronidazole easily and at a relatively high rate. The mechanism by which plaunotol directly fluidizes and destroys the H. pylori membrane might make it difficult for this organism to develop resistance to plaunotol. It was confirmed that the bactericidal effects of plaunotol were also shown against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Moraxella catarrhalis and Haemophilus influenzae. No such effect was seen against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMed1998

Detection of Mycoplasma salivarium and Mycoplasma fermentans in synovial fluids of temporomandibular joints of patients with disorders in the joints.

Thirty-six synovial fluid samples of temporomandibular joints were obtained from 33 patients with pain and anterior disk displacement (closed lock) in the joints. DNAs were prepared from the samples and amplified by a PCR-based assay specific for Mycoplasma salivarium or Mycoplasma fermentans. Of the 36 samples, five (14%), three (8%), and 19 (53%) were positive for M. salivarium, M. fermentans and both, respectively.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1998

In vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of CS-834, a new oral carbapenem.

CS-834 is a prodrug of the carbapenem R-95867, developed by Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan. To investigate the possibility that CS-834 may be the first carbapenem usable in an oral dosage form, its in vitro antibacterial activity (as R-95867) and in vivo antibacterial activity were compared with those of cefpodoxime proxetil, cefditoren pivoxil, cefdinir, ofloxacin, imipenem, and amoxicillin. R-95867 had high levels of activity against methicillin-susceptible staphylococci and streptococci, including penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae, as well as Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Moraxella catarrhalis, the members of the family Enterobacteriaceae (with the exception of Serratia marcescens), Haemophilus influenzae, and Bordetella pertussis; for all these strains, the MICs at which 90% of tested strains are inhibited (MIC90s) were 1.0 microg/ml or less. Against methicillin-resistant staphylococci, enterococci, Serratia marcescens, Burkholderia cepacia, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, R-95867 showed activity comparable to or slightly less than that of imipenem, with MIC90s ranging from 2 to >128 microg/ml. The in vivo efficacy of oral CS-834 against experimental mouse septicemia caused by gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria was better than that of comparative drugs. In murine respiratory infection models, the efficacy of CS-834 reflected not only its potent in vitro activity but also the high levels present in the lungs.

Animals↗

PubMed1998

In vivo activity of HSR-903, a new fluoroquinolone, against respiratory pathogens.

The in vivo activity of HSR-903, a new fluoroquinolone, against major bacteria which cause respiratory tract infections was evaluated. HSR-903 was active against experimental respiratory tract infections in mice challenged with penicillin-susceptible and penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae strains. Treatment with HSR-903 reduced the bacterial numbers in infected murine lungs. In accord with the pulmonary clearance results, the rates of survival for mice treated with HSR-903, sparfloxacin, levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and benzylpenicillin were 50, 30, 10, 0, and 0%, respectively, 14 days after being infected with penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae. A pharmacokinetic study with pneumonic mice showed that the levels of HSR-903 in the lungs were seven to eight times higher than those in the plasma. These results indicate that clinical studies of HSR-903 against respiratory tract infections may be warranted.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

In vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of CS-940, a new fluoroquinolone, against isolates from patients with respiratory infections.

We compared the in vivo and in vitro activities of CS-940, a new fluoroquinolone, with those of a group of other drugs. The activities of CS-940 against gram-positive cocci and gram-negative rods, including methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus and penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae, were comparable to those of tosufloxacin, with MICs at which 90% of the strains were inhibited (MIC90s) of 0.5 microg/ml or less. Against methicillin-resistant S. aureus, CS-940 was as active as tosufloxacin, with a MIC90 of 16 microg/ml. The efficacy of CS-940 against murine respiratory infections due to S. pneumoniae or Haemophilus influenzae was better than those of tosufloxacin and sparfloxacin. The efficacy of oral doses of CS-940 reflected not only potent in vitro activity but also a high transmigration ratio from the bloodstream to lung tissues.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

In vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of CS-834, a novel oral carbapenem.

CS-834 is a novel oral carbapenem antibiotic. This compound is an ester-type prodrug of the active metabolite R-95867. The antibacterial activity of R-95867 was tested against 1,323 clinical isolates of 35 species and was compared with those of oral cephems, i.e., cefteram, cefpodoxime, cefdinir, and cefditoren, and that of a parenteral carbapenem, imipenem. R-95867 exhibited a broad spectrum of activity covering both gram-positive and -negative aerobes and anaerobes. Its activity was superior to those of the other compounds tested against most of the bacterial species tested. R-95867 showed potent antibacterial activity against clinically significant pathogens: methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus including ofloxacin-resistant strains, Streptococcus pneumoniae including penicillin-resistant strains, Clostridium perfringens, Neisseria spp., Moraxella catarrhalis, most members of the family Enterobacteriaceae, and Haemophilus influenzae (MIC at which 90% of strains are inhibited, < or =0.006 to 0.78 microg/ml). R-95867 was quite stable to hydrolysis by most of the beta-lactamases tested except the metallo-beta-lactamases from Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Bacteroides fragilis. R-95867 showed potent bactericidal activity against S. aureus and Escherichia coli. Penicillin-binding proteins 1 and 4 of S. aureus and 1Bs, 2, 3, and 4 of E. coli had high affinities for R-95867. The in vivo efficacy of CS-834 was evaluated in murine systemic infections caused by 16 strains of gram-positive and -negative pathogens. The efficacy of CS-834 was in many cases superior to those of cefteram pivoxil, cefpodoxime proxetil, cefdinir, and cefditoren pivoxil, especially against infections caused by S. aureus, penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae, E. coli, Citrobacter freundii, and Proteus vulgaris. Among the drugs tested, CS-834 showed the highest efficacy against experimental pneumonia in mice caused by penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1997

[Combination effect between panipenem and vancomycin on highly methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus].

We investigated the in vitro and in vivo combination effects between panipenem (PAPM) and vancomycin (VCM) on highly methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated from various clinical specimens. Examination of combination between panipenem and vancomycin using checkerboard titration showed a good effect with mean fractional inhibitory index of 0.32 +/- 0.12 on 40 MRSA strains, and the effects were judged as synergistic against 33 strains (83%) and additive against 7 strains (17%). In the combination of PAPM and VCM at 1/4 MIC each against exponentially growing MRSA, bactericidal activity was found when PAPM was added at 1 hour or 2 hours prior to VCM-addition, and PAPM with VCM was added simultaneously, although bactericidal activity was scarcely demonstrated when VCM was added at 1 hour or 2 hours prior to PAPM-addition. Bactericidal activity was enhanced against MRSA in the combination of PAPM and VCM at 1/4 MIC each for MRSA than the bactericidal activity of VCM at 1 MIC alone, and the combination showed a strong bactericidal activity against P. aeruginosa. VCM alone, however, had no bactericidal activity in the in vitro mixed cultures of the two bacteria. Furthermore, the combination of PAPM and VCM induced a marked damage to cell surface and bacteriolysis against MRSA and P. aeruginosa in the mixed cultures, although VCM alone induced only slight morphological alterations. Penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) including MRSA-specific PBP 2' were decreased greatly in the amounts in MRSA-cells with the increase of VCM-treated concentration. The combination therapy of PAPM and VCM showed a greater efficacy than the therapeutic efficacy of each antibiotic alone against mixed infection in burned mice caused by MRSA and P. aeruginosa, and the activity was judged as synergistic based on the FED index smaller than 0.34.

Animals↗

PubMed1996

In-vitro and in-vivo antibacterial activity of plaunotol, a cytoprotective antiulcer agent, against Helicobacter pylori.

Recently, some antiulcer agents have been reported to have antibacterial activity against Helicobacter pylori, which is highly associated with gastritis and peptic ulcers. In-vitro and in-vivo activity of plaunotol, a cytoprotective antiulcer agent, against H. pylori was investigated. Antibacterial activity of plaunotol against a standard strain (NCTC 11637) and 14 clinical isolates was compared with those of other cytoprotective antiulcer agents: benexate, sofalcone, teprenone, cetraxate, and gefarnate, by an agar dilution method. The MIC50 and MIC90 of plaunotol against 15 strains were 6.25 and 12.5 mg/L, respectively, making it the most potent of the cytoprotective antiulcer agents. The bactericidal effect of plaunotol was investigated using an in-vitro killing assay. Plaunotol at concentrations of more than 6 mg/L induced a rapid reduction of culture turbidity, with an extensive loss of viability, within 30 min. Observation by scanning electron microscopy revealed that plaunotol caused autolysis and treated cells were deformed. In-vivo activity of plaunotol against H. pylori was examined in a nude mouse gastritis model. Plaunotol significantly decreased the number of H. pylori in the stomach of nude mice. In addition, the antiulcer agent enhanced the antibacterial activity of amoxycillin or clarithromycin in the infection model.

Amoxicillin↗

PubMed1996

Bactericidal effect of plaunotol, a cytoprotective antiulcer agent, against Helicobacter pylori.

In order to investigate the bactericidal effect of plaunotol, an oily antiulcer agent, against Helicobacter pylori, comparative studies were conducted using its derivatives, M-4, M-5, and M-6, whose hydrophobicity decreased in the order of plaunotol > M-6 > M-5 > M-4 by log P determination. Plaunotol rapidly reduced the viability of H. pylori in vitro, and cell death was associated with cell lysis. In addition, plaunotol showed eightfold stronger bactericidal activity against H. pylori than M-6 and M-5, while the compound with the lowest hydrophobicity, M-4, showed no bactericidal activity. The bactericidal activities of plaunotol and its derivatives were related to the hydrophobicity of these compounds. To investigate a possible interaction between these compounds and the cell membrane of H. pylori, their effects on liposomal membranes prepared from phosphatidylethanolamine and cardiolipin, which are known to be present in the membrane of H. pylori, were determined by detection of glucose release from the liposomes. Plaunotol showed eight-fold higher activity than M-6 and M-5, while M-4 showed no activity. The effects of plaunotol and its derivatives on liposomal membrane were therefore related to their bactericidal activities. In addition, it was confirmed that the bactericidal effect of plaunotol against H. pylori was neutralized by the liposomal membrane, and that plaunotol led to an increase in permeability of the membrane, as evidenced by measurement of the leakage of 260 nm absorbing-material from H. pylori. These results suggest that the bactericidal effect of plaunotol against H. pylori is due to the interaction between this compound and the bacterial cell membrane.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMed1993

Thiomarinol, a new hybrid antimicrobial antibiotic produced by a marine bacterium. Fermentation, isolation, structure, and antimicrobial activity.

Thiomarinol, an antimicrobial antibiotic, was isolated from the culture broth of a marine bacterium, Alteromonas rava sp. nov. SANK 73390. Its structure was deduced as a hybrid composed of a pseudomonic acid analogue and holothin by NMR spectral analysis and chemical degradation. Antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria of thiomarinol was stronger than both of pseudomonic acids and pyrrothine antibiotics.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMed1991

[Clinical significance of manganese superoxide dismutase in ovarian carcinoma].

A monoclonal antibody to manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) was measured in patients with epithelial ovarian carcinomas. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay has been developed to detect serum Mn-SOD. With this assay, only 0.9% of the 207 healthy females tested had more than 130 ng per milliliter of serum Mn-SOD. In contrast, 37 of 62 patients (59.7%) with epithelial ovarian carcinomas showed high levels of Mn-SOD. The serum Mn-SOD increased according to the clinical stage and declined to reflect the effects of therapy. Compared with CA-125, Mn-SOD showed a less frequent false positive rate (10%) in benign gynecological diseases. The determination of Mn-SOD levels proved to be a clinically useful marker for monitoring the response to treatment and to early detection of the recurrence of epithelial ovarian carcinomas.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗

PubMed1990

[Evaluation of tumor marker in ovarian dermoid cyst].

Since ovarian dermoid cyst originates in parthenogenesis of the oocyte, it contains various kinds of tissues. Therefore, some tumor markers are expected to be positive. Clinical features of 174 pathologically confirmed dermoid cysts between Jan., 1985 and Aug., 1989 were reviewed, especially concerning tumor markers. The age of the patients was 11 years to 71 years (Mean 35.0 +/- 0.9 years). The weight of the dermoid cyst was 5g to 2.540g (mean 225.9 +/- 26.3g), while most of them were below 200g. The site of the tumors was similar on both the right and left. CA19-9 showed the highest positive rate of 45.5% (40/80). CA125 was second 12.7% (16/126) in markers with more than 20 examined cases, while the rate for AFP, Ferritin, CEA, LDH and TPA was 2.7% (3/110), 2.6% (1/38), 1.6% (2/128), 0.6% (1/161), 0% (0/24), respectively. SCC, IAP and beta 2-MG were examined in less than 20 cases and the positive rate was 18.8% (3/16), 9.1% (1/11) and 8.3% (1/12), respectively. There was no significant relationship between tumor weight and the CA19-9 concentration. In some cases, the serum CA19-9 concentration was followed up after the operation. The half life of CA19-9 was clinically estimated at 4.9 +/- 1.1 days.

Adolescent↗