PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

H Dove

Publications and source records attributed to H Dove.

17 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

An evaluation of the effects of two treatment approaches for teachers with voice disorders: a prospective randomized clinical trial.

Teachers commonly report voice problems and often seek medical assistance for voice-related complaints. Despite the prevalence of voice disorders within this occupation, there are no studies evaluating the effectiveness of treatment programs designed to remedy the voice problems of teachers. To assess the functional effects of two voice therapy approaches, 58 voice-disordered teachers were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups: vocal hygiene (VH, n = 20), vocal function exercises (VFE, n = 19), and a nontreatment control group (CON, n = 19). Subjects completed the Voice Handicap Index (VHI)-an instrument designed to appraise the self-perceived psychosocial consequences of voice disorders-before and following a 6-week treatment phase. The VFE and VH subjects also completed a posttreatment questionnaire regarding the perceived benefits of treatment. Only the group who adhered to the VFE regimen reported a significant reduction in mean VHI scores (p <.0002). Furthermore, when compared to the VH group, the exercise group reported more overall voice improvement (p < .05) and greater ease (p < .02) and clarity (p < .01) in their speaking and singing voice after treatment. These findings suggest that the VFE should be considered as a useful alternative or adjunct to vocal hygiene programs in the treatment of voice problems in teachers.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Alkanes as internal markers to estimate digestibility of hay or hay plus concentrate diets in horses.

Dry matter intake (DMI), dry matter digestibility (DMD), and fecal output (FO) are difficult to measure directly in the field, and indirect methods using external and internal markers have thus been developed. An experiment was conducted consisting of two digestion trials with two periods in each trial to examine the use of five odd-chain alkanes (C25 to C33) of plant cuticular wax as internal markers to estimate DMD of hay or hay plus concentrate diets in horses. Eight mature Thoroughbred geldings were housed in 4- x 4-m stalls and randomly assigned to one of two mixed grass/legume hays (Diets 1 and 2) in Trial 1 and to mixed grass/legume hay plus one of two concentrates (Diets 3 and 4) in Trial 2. After the first 12-d period was conducted, dietary assignments for each group were switched for the second period in each trial. Each period consisted of a dietary accommodation from d 1 to 7 and total fecal collection from d 8 to 11. Results indicated that fecal recoveries of odd-chain alkanes were 88 to 90% for Diet 1, 75 to 92% for Diet 2, 71 to 81% for Diet 3, and 71 to 82% for Diet 4. Alkane recoveries were not related to alkane chain lengths. Digestibilities calculated from alkane concentration data adjusted using the mean fecal recovery of individual odd-chain alkanes (DA1) were not significantly different from the digestibilities estimated from total collection (DTC) for Diets 1 and 2 in Trial 1 and Diets 3 and 4 in Trial 2. When adjustment was based on the mean recovery of all alkanes (DA2; estimated by linear regression), all DA2 estimates for horses offered all diets were similar to DTC. Results indicate that accurate mean estimates of DMD can be obtained by using plant wax alkane markers and adjusting for the mean recovery of five odd-chain alkanes in a diet.

Alkanes↗
PubMed2000

Psychiatric leadership and the clinical team: simulated in vivo treatment planning performance as teamwork proxy and learning laboratory.

Leadership is an important consideration at many levels within behavioral healthcare systems. The authors developed a training program in a large public hospital system that focused on psychiatric leadership and clinical team functioning. In a learning laboratory format, they used videotaped patient simulations as a stimulus for multidisciplinary treatment planning sessions. Structured self-assessments were performed using a preliminary Scale for Leadership Assessment and Team Evaluation (SLATE). Videotaping the sessions provided an additional team self-assessment tool. Other educational activities supplemented the sessions, and teams proposed steps for transferring their learning to other units. The authors emphasize that leadership must foster team learning, which involves developing adaptive capacities and applying them to new clinical situations.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1999

Experimental approaches to vocal fold alteration: introduction to the minithyrotomy.

Treatment of challenging laryngeal disorders, such as lamina propria loss or neuromuscular dysfunction, may require novel approaches and techniques. This paper discusses an evolution of experimental techniques for treatment of lamina propria loss and use of the minithyrotomy. These techniques have been used for surgical access for lamina propria substitution, as well as placement of stimulating electrodes. The minithyrotomy is tolerated well by patients, provides access for microscopic instruments with the surgeon's hand close to the tissue of interest, avoids intralaryngeal mucosal incisions, and lines up the direction of dissection in an anterior-to-posterior orientation. This orientation is favorable for particular situations herein discussed. We present anatomic and physiologic concepts relevant to the surgical treatment of lamina propria dysfunction, as well as presenting our clinical experience. This paper is not intended to state how these difficult problems should be handled, but rather, to present our experience in techniques that may prove useful through further development.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1997

Frequency and effects of teachers' voice problems.

This study compared the frequency and effects of voice symptoms in teachers to a group of individuals employed in other occupations. Teachers were more likely to report having a voice problem (15 vs. 6%), having 10 specific voice symptoms, and having 5 symptoms of physical discomfort. They averaged almost 2 symptoms compared with none for nonteachers. Likewise, teachers were more likely to perceive that a voice problem would adversely affect their future career options, had done so in the past, and was limiting their current job performance. Over 20% of teachers but none of the nonteachers had missed any days of work due to a voice problem. These findings suggest that teaching is a high-risk occupation for voice disorders and that this health problem may have significant work-related and economic effects.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Plant wax components: a new approach to estimating intake and diet composition in herbivores.

The nutrient status of the herbivore depends on the nutritive value of the plants available, the botanical composition of the consumed diet and the intake of the animal. It has always been difficult to quantify these last two. At present, intake is usually calculated from separate estimates of fecal output and diet digestibility. In this review we discuss the errors inherent in this approach, especially those associated with the determination and application of digestibility in vitro. We then critically evaluate a new approach to the estimation of intake, based on the use of plant cuticular wax alkanes as markers. Plant alkanes are predominantly odd-chain and substantially indigestible. They can be used, in combination with orally dosed even-chain alkanes, to obtain an intake estimate which is essentially independent of marker recovery in feces and which is more truly "individual" because it accommodates the level of digestibility occurring in individual animals. We present published data which indicate that the method is accurate and can be extended to measure diet composition as well. Previous approaches to estimating diet composition have been based on the laborious microscopic examination of esophageal extrusa, stomach contents or feces. However, most plant species have a characteristic pattern of alkane concentrations in their cuticular wax. This permits the estimation of diet composition from the pattern of alkanes in the feces and in the plants available. We present data to show that this approach can provide accurate estimates of diet composition in terms of either plant species or plant parts. A major advantage of the approach is that, if the animals are also dosed with even-chain alkanes, estimates of total intake and diet composition can be obtained simultaneously. The method is equally applicable to domestic and wild herbivores and to animals receiving supplementary feeds. In future work, the method will be extended to the simultaneous estimation of plant species and plant parts in the diet, and to the use of other wax components as markers.

Alkanes↗
PubMed1996

The effect of exogenous somatotropin on lactation performance of first-litter sows.

To determine the effect of exogenous porcine somatotropin (ST) on lactation performance of sows, 24 first-litter sows were injected daily at 0800 with either 10 mg of recombinant ST or an equivalent volume of buffer between d 8 and 39 of lactation. Litter size was standardized to six (n = 2), seven (n = 8), eight (n = 6), or 10 (n = 8) pigs within each pair of sows by fostering pigs within a few days after parturition. Milk yield and composition of sows given ST was similar at all stages of lactation to that of control sows. Combining treatment data revealed that the milk yield of sows was related linearly (P < .01) to litter size and was described with the following equation: MY = 1.03 (+/- .71) + .899 (+/- .102) LS (n = 24, r2 = .78), where MY is average milk yield (kilograms/day) of sows over 4 to 7, 11 to 14, 18 to 21, 25 to 32, and 32 to 39 d of lactation and LS is number of pigs in the litter. The body temperature of sows increased (P < .05) in response to administration of ST. Plasma IGF-I and glucose were increased (P < .05) by ST, but plasma urea concentrations were lower (P < .05) in ST-treated sows. Sows treated with ST lost more backfat (P < .05) during lactation, but neither voluntary feed intake nor body weight loss was significantly (P > .05) affected by ST. These data indicate that a 10-mg daily injection of ST from d 8 to 39 of lactation alters metabolism but does not increase milk production in lactating first-litter sows.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1994

Arytenoid separation for impaired pediatric vocal fold mobility.

Impaired vocal fold motion may result from cricoarytenoid joint fixation, bilateral vocal fold paralysis, or interarytenoid scarring. Traditional surgical techniques have focused on lateralization or resection of the arytenoid for airway improvement. This paper discusses 3 cases of bilateral reduced vocal fold motion of neurogenic cause treated with posterior cricoid grafting to cause a wider resting position of the vocal folds and arytenoids. Airway improvement occurred in all. The voice results have been encouraging. Advantages of this procedure are that the vocal folds are symmetric, there is no vocal fold or joint scarring, and the larynx remains a candidate for electrical pacing when that becomes available. Acoustic and aerodynamic voice results are presented. The results should be considered preliminary.

Arytenoid Cartilage↗
PubMed1993

The response of first-litter sows to dietary protein level during lactation.

Thirty-six sows were used to study responses of milk production, milk composition, and N balance to six concentrations of dietary CP ranging from 63 to 238 g/kg (4.4 to 15.1 g of lysine/kg) during the first lactation. Sows, on average, were 149.3 kg live weight and had 26.1 mm of back fat at P1 (which is 45 mm from the midline at the level of the last rib) immediately after parturition. During lactation, all sows suckled nine pigs each and were offered up to 4,000 g of feed daily; diets contained similar balances of amino acids and similar amounts of DE (3.56 to 3.63 Mcal/kg). Nitrogen balance trials were conducted during early and late lactation and 5-d collection periods commenced on d 10 and 24 of lactation, respectively. During both periods of lactation, there were significant positive linear relationships between the level of dietary protein and milk yield and contents of fat and total solids in milk. Milk yield increased from 7.79 to 9.91 kg/d and from 7.02 to 8.90 kg/d, whereas total solids in milk increased from 199 to 225 g/kg and from 202 to 228 g/kg during early and late lactation, respectively, in response to increasing level of dietary protein from 63 to 238 g of CP/kg. A two-phase linear regression model used to describe the relationship between N balance and dietary CP level established that sows required a diet containing > or = 202 g of CP/kg or 12.8 g of lysine/kg to maximize N balances during both stages of lactation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1991

Telephone use by patients fitted with the Ineraid cochlear implant.

A survey of telephone use by 66 patients fitted with the Ineraid cochlear prosthesis revealed that 51% initiate telephone calls (most calls are to family or friends) and that 66% answer the telephone. Of the patients who answer the telephone, 49% indicated that they could identify the gender and/or age of the caller most of the time, 27% could identify a familiar caller most of the time, and 48% indicated that they could understand a conversation most of the time if speaking to a familiar speaker about a familiar topic. Understanding dropped rapidly as the speaker and topic became unfamiliar.

Cochlear Implants↗
PubMed1990

Thyroid hormones during development of a marsupial, the tammar wallaby, Macropus eugenii.

The levels of thyroid hormones in the plasma and the activities of 5'-deiodinase activity in liver and kidney were determined in the tammar wallaby, Macropus eugenii, from early pouch life to adulthood. The total concentration of plasma thyroxine (T4) was below 15 nmol/l before day 75 of pouch life, rose to about 75 nmol/l at day 160, and then decreased to about 12 nmol/l in the adult. The total concentration of plasma tri-iodothyronine (T3) was below 0.4 nmol/l before day 120, increased to 3 nmol/l by about day 220 and then decreased to 1.0 nmol/l in adults. Concentrations of free T4 and free T3 followed a similar pattern but peaked at 45 and 160 pmol/l respectively. Concentrations of reverse T3 (rT3) were extremely variable, ranging from 0 to 1 nmol/l at day 100, and from 0 to greater than 2 nmol/l at day 180. After about day 230, rT3 levels fell rapidly and were below 0.3 nmol/l in adults. Liver and kidney 5'-deiodinase activities, which were undetectable before day 80, reached adult levels by day 220. Half-maximal activity of both these enzymes occurred at about day 205, mid-way between the peaks of T4 and T3. These findings suggest that the systems supporting synthesis and release of hormones from the thyroid gland are probably mature by about day 160 of pouch life in the tammar, while peripheral deiodinase activity, which is a major factor in the production of T3 in the plasma, matures by about day 220. These events thus precede the development of physiological independence of the young tammar from its mother.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Monitoring the fate of dietary proteins in rumen fluid using gel electrophoresis.

1. When fractionated by sodium dodecylsulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), strained rumen fluid from sheep fed on pelleted lucerne (Medicago sativa) hay showed no major protein components that stain with Coomassie Blue. This feature made it possible to monitor the fate of individual polypeptides within a protein mixture incubated in rumen fluid in vitro. 2. Extracts from a number of seed meals (sunflower (Helianthus annuus), lupin (Lupinus angustifolius), rape (Brassica napus) and pea (Pisum sativum L.)), as well as casein and bovine serum albumin, were examined in this system. The protein components of each seed type showed a wide range of resistances to degradation. One protein in pea seeds (pea albumin 1), which is particularly rich in cysteine, was almost as resistant to rumen degradation as bovine serum albumin. 3. Analysis of synthetic-fibre-bag experiments by SDS-PAGE showed that the rate of loss of total protein from solid meal residues does not provide an index of the resistance of individual protein components of the meal to rumen degradation. While there was no qualitative change in the protein profile of residual pea-seed meal inside a synthetic-fibre bag, there was considerable variation in the rate at which individual, solubilized protein components were degraded in the surrounding rumen fluid.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Estimation of the intake of milk by lambs, from the turnover of deuterium- or tritium-labelled water.

1. The total water turnovers of grazing ewes and their lambs were estimated on days 9, 23, 44, 69 and 86 of lactation from the dilution of tritiated water injected into the dam and deuterium oxide injected into the offspring. The contribution of milk to the total water turnover of the lambs was estimated at the same times from the accumulation of tritium in their body water. 2. Mean total water turnover in the ewes was 6.5 titres/d over the entire period. In lambs, total turnover rose from 1459 ml/d at 9 d to 2791 ml/d at 86 d, and was closely related to live weight (r2 0.760, P less than 0.001). The corrections to total water turnover, which were required because of the increasing body water pool size of the lambs during each measurement period, fell from + 10.6% at 9 d to + 3.7% at 86 d. All corrections were significant (P less than 0.001). 3. The intake of water as milk fell throughout the study, from 1501 ml/d at 9 d to 471 ml/d at 86 d. Pool-size corrections were significant (P less than 0.001). Milk intakes calculated from these results were 1816, 1054, 862, 742 and 588 ml/d at 9, 23, 44, 69 and 86 d of lactation. The rapid decline in milk intake reflected undernutrition of the ewes in early lactation. 4. The level of live-weight gain in early lactation was closely related to, and at a level expected from, the estimated milk intakes. From comparisons of estimated milk intakes with published estimates, it is concluded that the combined use of deuterium oxide and tritiated water results in accurate estimates of milk intake by the lamb throughout the ewe's lactation.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Circadian variation in abomasal digesta flow in grazing ewes during lactation.

1. Lactating grazing ewes, fistulated at the rumen and abomasum were either not supplemented or offered, individually, 600 g/d of either pelleted, molassed sugar-beet pulp ('energy' supplement) or a pelleted 1:1 (w/w) mixture of this feed and formaldehyde-treated soya-bean meal ('protein' supplement). Digesta flows at the abomasum were estimated from the concentrations of the markers CrEDTA and ruthenium phenanthroline complex, during their administration by continuous intra-rumen infusion. Digesta samples were taken at 09.00 hours and at six further times at 4 h intervals. This was repeated 2 d later. 2. No significant difference in flow between days was noted. Daily flows of dry matter (DM) and non-ammonia-nitrogen (NAN) (g/d) in supplemented ewes were significantly higher than in unsupplemented ewes, both in total digesta and its particulate phase. However, there were significant differences between sampling times or significant interactions between sampling time and supplement treatment. The results were therefore examined by Fourier analysis for possible circadian variation in digesta flow. As there was marked between-animal variability in flow-rate, the digesta-flow values for each sampling time were re-expressed as percentages of the flows calculated from daily mean marker concentrations. 3. In unsupplemented animals, marked and significant circadian variation was then identified in the flow of DM, total N and NAN in both whole digesta and the particulate phase. There was also significant circadian variation in the flow of DM, total N and NAN in the digesta of the supplemented ewes. Curves were of the same general shape as those for unsupplemented animals, but some significant differences were found, principally for digesta NAN flow. In both supplemented and unsupplemented animals, peak flows occurred in the period 20.00-01.00 hours. The proportion of DM and NAN flowing in the particulate phase was relatively constant through the day for unsupplemented ewes, but significant circadian variation occurred for supplemented ewes. 4. The possible mechanisms generating the circadian variation in digesta flow, such as grazing behaviour and the rumen digestion of supplements, are discussed. Values are also presented to indicate the extent of the likely errors if digesta flows were estimated from samples which did not represent all stages of the circadian pattern.

Abomasum↗
PubMed1984

Bulimia.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Factors affecting anxiety and depression in psychiatric consultation patients.

Factors that contribute to dysphoric affects in patients seen on a consultation-liaison service were investigated. Eighty-five subjects were studied to assess the role of character style, locus of control and seriousness of medical illness upon the magnitude of depression and anxiety each patient experienced. Results indicated that the obsessoid individual as well as individuals in pain reported significantly more depression and anxiety than their hysteroid counterparts. The severity of illness did not correlate with greater dysphoria. Those individuals who were more externally located were found to be in greater subjective pain. Furthermore, psychiatric consultants significantly tended to ignore the issue of the pain more often than anxiety and depression. The implications of these findings are discussed as they relate to a patient's personality style and the experience of illness and hospitalization.

Adult↗