Diazinon induced changes in the serum proteins of large mouth bass, Micropterus salmoides.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
H Dutta
Publications and source records attributed to H Dutta.
Congenital hepatoportal arteriovenous fistula: report of a case.
Fistulae between the hepatic artery and portal vein, known as hepatoportal arteriovenous fistula (HPAVF), most commonly occur secondary to trauma or malignancy. Congenital HPAVF is an extremely rare anomaly and only 11 pediatric cases have been documented to date HPAVF causes portal hypertension with the reversal of flow in the portal circulation, leading to hyperemia and congestion of the bowel, causing severe ascites, gastrointestinal bleeding, anemia, and malabsorption. The diagnosis is first made by Doppler sonography, then confirmed by angiography. HPAVF is most effectively treated by performing either ligation of the hepatic artery or percutaneous transcatheter embolization. We describe herein the case of an 8-month-old boy diagnosed to have congenital HPAVF by duplex Doppler sonography and confirmed by digital subtraction angiography, who was successfully managed by percutaneous transcatheter embolization of the feeding right hepatic artery. A review of the previously reported 11 cases of infants with this unusual anomaly, examining presentation, management, and outcome, is also presented.
Arteriovenous Fistula↗
Epidemic acute conjunctivitis.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Acute Disease↗
Effect of two cardiac glycosides, digitoxin and digoxin on blood lipids.
Two cardiac glycosides, namely digitoxin and digoxin when treated with goat blood, were found to alter the lipid constitution as measured by their phosphorus content, fatty acid composition and malonaldehyde content. There was significant increase in the poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and malonaldehyde contents in blood treated with these drugs. Possible correlation between the lipophilicity of the drugs and their biological activity is discussed.
Animals↗
Growth in fishes.
Fishes exhibit a 'determinate' type of growth in short-lived species of warmer regions and an 'indeterminate' type in long-lived species of colder regions. Growth is measured in units of length and weight and is best represented as the specific growth rate. The relationship between weight and length provides an index of the state of well-being of a fish (condition factor 'K'). Growth could also be measured by using certain other criteria such as glycine uptake by scales, hepatosomatic index, RNA:DNA ratio and protein retention in the tissues. Nutrition, including the quality and quantity of food, plays a significant role in growth regulation. A number of environmental factors, such as temperature, oxygen concentration, salinity and photoperiod, influence the rate of growth. Recent data suggest that genotypes, hormones and physiological conditions of the individual are also equally important endogenous regulators of growth.
Aging↗
Effect of propranolol hydrochloride on blood cell lipids in relation to partition coefficient and biological activity.
Considering the high lipophilicity of propranolol (log P = 3.56), its interactions with the cell membrane lipids of goat blood have been investigated. It is observed that lipid loss after incubation of blood cells with propranolol hydrochloride in salt glucose medium for varying periods of time was accompanied with significant increases in PUFAs. Amongst the PUFAs studied the omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids, the two important precursors of eicosenoids, have shown increase in varying amounts. This phenomenon is presumably responsible for the significant cardiovascular activity of this drug.
Animals↗
Correlation of phospholipid loss in goat whole blood with solvochromic properties of antiamebics like emetine, metronidazole and diloxanide furoate.
Phospholipid content of whole blood lipid decreases significantly when goat blood is incubated for different length of time with different amebicidal agents (e.g., emetine, metronidazole and diloxanide furoate). The plots of relative per cent phosphate loss against incubation period show biphasic nature and suggest that the rates of phospholipid loss bears some relation with the drug's lipophilicity (log P in 1 octanol/water system). The absolute phospholipid loss seems to be governed by the drug's aquasolubility. Implication of these finding were discussed in terms of their clinical profiles assuming that the loss of phospholipid is due to drug's binding with the phospholipid layer in amebic cyst-coat, being the first step which may trigger a chain of events leading to the onset of drug action.
Amebicides↗
Effect of lignocaine on blood lipid in relation to partition coefficient and biological activity.
To correlate lipophilicity of lignocaine with changes in lipid composition of blood as a result of in vitro incubation with the drug, phosphorus content and fatty acid compositions of blood lipids before and after lignocaine treatment have been compared with those of a standard phospholipid, lecithin, under similar conditions of drug treatment. The change in fatty acid constituents has been correlated with the biological activity (both therapeutic and toxic) of lignocaine.
Animals↗
Brain acetylcholinesterase activity and optomotor behavior in bluegills, Lepomis macrochirus exposed to different concentrations of diazinon.
Organophosphorus pesticides inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity to varying degrees in different species of fish. Estimation of AChE activity is a useful tool for establishing the degree of pollution caused by these pesticides. Behavioral changes are very good and sensitive indicators of any chemical pollution. Changes in the optomotor behavior are easily quantifiable. Therefore estimation of AChE activity and changes in the optomotor response are taken as criteria to study the effects of different concentrations (15, 30, 45, 60 and 75 micrograms/l) of diazinon, an organophosphorus compound, in bluegill Sunfish, Lepomis macrochirus. The fish were exposed for a period of 24 hours. In this study, AChE activity showed a significant decline above an exposure concentration of 45 micrograms/l exposure concentration. In the case of optomotor behavior, a decline in the scores of the "following" responses of the fish was noticed from an exposure concentration of 30 micrograms/l. It seems that a behavioral bioassay is more sensitive than other types of testing.
Acetylcholinesterase↗
Management of hydrocephalus.
The present study is an analysis of 747 patients with hydrocephalus, treated and followed up in the Hydrocephalus Clinic run by the department of Paediatric Surgery at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi. The distribution of patients was: congenital-46%, post-meningomyelocoele excision-28%, post-meningitic-21% and others-5% (including post haemorrhagic and post encephalocoele excision hydrocephalus. The average age was 7 months in the shunted group and 10 months in the medical group with overall male to female ratio of 2.3:1. The data were analysed to study the effect of treatment on ventriculomegaly and mental development with special reference to the type of treatment (shunt versus medical) and age at starting treatment. The probability of shunt failure was also studied. A comparison of ventricular size in US/CAT scans between the time of starting treatment and last follow-up revealed improvement in ventriculomegaly in 60% of the shunted patients but only 30% of the medically treated patients. A significant difference was particularly noted in patients with severe hydrocephalus, 72% and 22%, respectively. Comparison of the mean Mental Performance Quotient (MPQ) scores in the shunted & medically treated patients also revealed significantly better MPQ scores in the shunted group (p = < 0.001). Probability of shunt survival, as depicted by the Kaplan-Meier survival curve, revealed that there is a high rate of shunt failure in the first 12 months, followed by a dramatic slowing down. Our observations support the contention that CSF shunt surgery offers better outcome than medical management even when ventriculomegaly is severe at the time of presentation.
Cerebral Ventricles↗