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Biomedical subjects

H E Fadel

Publications and source records attributed to H E Fadel.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

Acid-base determinations in amniotic fluid and blood of normal late pregnancy.

Amniotic fluid (AF) and arterial blood were obtained almost simultaneously from 59 healthy third-trimester pregnant women. Oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions (Po2, Pco2), pH, bicarbonate (Bicarb), total carbon dioxide (TCO2), lactate (L), and pyruvate (P) concentrations were measured. Only AF-Bicarb, AF-TCO2, AF-pH, and AF-P showed a statistically significant correlation, negative, with gestational age. AF-Po2, AF-pH, AF-Bicarb, and AF-TCO2, were lower, and AF-Pco2 was higher than in maternal blood. Amniotic fluid lactate was about 6 times, and AF-P was 2 times higher than maternal blood levels. The latter, the low bicarbonate, and the high Pco2 all contributed to the acidic pH of AF. Amniotic fluid pH was affected by fetal and maternal variables, notably maternal pH. There was no correlation between AF-Po2 and Pao2 (arterial oxygen tension), between AF-Pco2 and Paco2 (arterial carbon dioxide tension), or between AF-L and blood L. AF-Po2, AF-Pco2, and AF-L may correlate better with the intrauterine fetal status than AF-pH. Normal values obtained in this study should be useful as a baseline to monitor changes in the intrauterine environment in abnormal prgenancies.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1979

Glycosylated hemoglobins in normal pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus.

Glycosylated hemoglobins (HbA1) were measured in 23 nonpregnant women, 53 normal pregnant women, and 22 Class A diabetics; the results were 6.1 +/- 0.7%, 5.8 +/- 1.0%, and 7.0 +/- 1.3% in the 3 groups, respectively. The decrease in normal pregnancy was insignificant, whereas the increase in HbA1 in Class A diabetics over the other 2 groups was statistically significant (P less than 0.05). HbA1 did not correlate with maternal age, gravidity, or gestational age at the time of sampling. There was no difference in HbA1 between whites and blacks [patients with sickle hemoglobin (HbS) were excluded] (P = 0.35), nor between primigravidas and multigravidas (P = 0.8). HbA1 levels did not correlate with the birth weight ratios in either normal pregnancies (r = 0.06, P = 0.7) or in Class A diabetics (r = -0.4, P = 0.09). This is probably due to the long interval between HbA1 determination and delivery (9.9 weeks).

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Transcervical tubal occlusion with a steerable hysteroscope: implantation of devices into extirpated human uteri.

A new steerable fiberoptic hysteroscope particularly useful in visualizing the tubal ostia has been evaluated in 61 extirpated uteri. The efficacy and safety of this hysteroscope were shown. The feasibility of deploying occlusive devices into the intramural portion of the tubes with the steerable hysteroscope was demonstrated. Whether these devices or modifications thereof will prove to be superior to other currently tested methods of occlusion, e.g., caustics, plastics, or cautery under in vivo conditions, remains to be established. The steerability of the hysteroscope has advantage irrespective of the method to achieve transcervical tubal occlusion as it allows coaxial alignment of the delivery.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Scanning electron microscopy of human female reproductive tract and amniotic fluid cells.

Scanning electron microscopy was used to examine surface ultrastructural characteristics of cells of the epithelium of female reproductive tract, cervical mucus, and amniotic fluid cells. The female epithelium undergoes hormone-dependent cyclical morphological alterations in cell shape, apical microvilli, ciliation, and secretory patterns. The frequency distribution of ciliated cells varies in different parts of the female reproductive tract and different segments of the same organ. In the endocervix, a few ciliated cells are randomly distributed. The density of ciliated cells is variable in several areas of the endometrium. The sparse distribution of ciliated cells in the central portion of the uterine wall may indicate a possible implantation site. According to surface ultrastructure of cells, three segments are noted in the uterotubal junction: cornual endometrium, interstitial tubal epithelium, and transitional area. The vaginal epithelium is made of flat polygonal cells with interdigitating borders and a fine interlacing network of microridges. After the menopause, the microridge pattern and distinct cell borders are lost or severely modified. Two types of fibrous structures can be found in cervical mucus: a) microfibrils that vary in diameter from 500 to 1,500 A and from bundles or networks, and b) long, thick fibers that vary in diameter from 0.5 to 5 micrometer run parallel to each other, and appear to be made up of microfibrils. Amniotic fluid cells, derived from amniotic epithelium and fetal ectoderm, consist of non-nucleated and nucleated cells with extensive microplicae.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1976

Hyperuricemia in pre-eclampsia. A reappraisal.

Seventeen pre-eclamptic (PE), 22 hypertensive (H), and 13 normal pregnant women (C), all in the third trimester, were studied to examine the relationship of blood lactate (L) to the hyperuricemia characteristic of PE. The parameters measured were: serum and urinary uric acid, and creatinine, and lactate (L), and pyruvate (P) in the blood. Uric acid clearance (Cur), and creatinine clearance (Ccr), and fractional uric acid clearance (Fract. Cur) as well as L/P ratios were calculated. Some of the patients, from the three groups, were infused with approximately equal to 100 mEq. of sodium lactate during the course of 50 minutes. "Preinfusion," "midinfusion," and "postinfusion," determinations were compared, as well as the per cent change in the different parameters as the result of the infusion and after its discontinuation. The results showed that serum urine acid is elevated, and Cur is impaired in PE; however, L was lower in PE than in control subjects. There was no correlation between L or L/P and Cur. Lactate infusion caused comparable impairment of Cur in all groups. There was no significant difference in the response of the parameters studied, to the infusion, between the different groups. Our data cast serious doubts on the postulated role of blood lactate in the etiology of hyperuricemia in PE. Contracted plasma volume and/or local release of angiotensin II in the kidney of pre-eclamptic patients probably play a more important role.

Absorption↗
PubMed1976

The human uterotubal junction: a scanning electron microscope study during different phases of the menstrual cycle.

Uterotubal junctions from surgically extirpated human uteri were examined. The specimens were obtained during different phases of the menstrual cycle. The interstitial portions of the tubes together with the cornual areas were dissected, excised, and their luminal surfaces exposed. The specimens were then processed for scanning electron microscopy. The surface epithelium of both the cornual endometrium and interstitial endosalpins. Ciliated cells were more numerous in the endosalpinx. Cyclic changes in ciliated cells were minimal, while cyclic secretory activity was demonstrated, especially in the endometrium. The transitional area between the endometrium and the endosalpinx was characterized by a marked increase in the number of ciliated cells, and a tendency of the secretory cells to assume a flattened, polygonal shape. These morphologic features suggest a possible role in the transport and/or maintenance of spermatozoa and/or ova.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Development of a steerable hysteroscope: studies in the baboon.

A steerable fiberoptic hysteroscope was developed with an integrated fluid circulatory system and a channel that can be used either for operative procedures or for the passage of a uterotubal occlusive device delivery assembly. The hysteroscope was demonstrated to be a safe and practical instrument for intrauterine observations, using the baboon as the animal model. Postpartum baboons were used for a majority of the experiments since the cervix of most cycling animals could not be sufficiently dilated to permit hysteroscope insertion. Estrogen-progesterone treatment resulted in softening of the cervix enough to allow hysteroscopic examination in 66 per cent of the animals so treated. Hysteroscopy was performed on 18 baboons. In almost all cases the uterotubal junctions were visualized and appeared as small slits or depressions. Measurements of the mean uterine length, fundal width, normal cervical diameter, and the diameter to which the cervix can maximally be dilated are reported for cycling, hormone-treated, and postpartum baboons.

Animals↗