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Biomedical subjects

H E Hansen

Publications and source records attributed to H E Hansen.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Characterisation of mechanisms responsible for uraemic insulin resistance: in vitro experiments.

In an attempt to define the cellular basis of the uraemic insulin resistance we studied insulin action in adipocytes from eight patients with undialysed chronic uraemia and from eight matched healthy controls. (125I)-insulin binding to fat cells from uraemic patients was normal. In contrast (14C)-D-glucose transport exhibited decreased sensitivity to insulin. The concentrations of insulin that elicited a half-maximal response were 422 +/- 95 pmol/L in uraemic patients and 179 +/- 38 pmol/L in normals (p less than 0.01). The non-insulin and the maximally insulin stimulated glucose transport of adipocytes from uraemic patients was normal. The lipogenesis of fat cells from uraemic patients had depressed sensitivity to insulin (half-maximal stimulation at 38 +/- 8 pmol/L in uraemic patients and at 11 +/- 3 pmol/L in normals, p less than 0.01) with unchanged non-insulin and maximally insulin stimulated lipogenesis. Taken together these results suggest that the insulin resistance of adipocytes from patients with chronic uraemia may be primarily accounted for by post-binding defects localised to glucose transport and metabolism.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1984

Chimeric twins. T.S. and M.R. reexamined.

A pair of chimeric twins, T.S. (male) and M.R. (female), were examined. The amounts of 'foreign' blood cells in each twin found on three occasions were compared. The percentages of M.R. cells found in the blood of T.S. in 1977 and in 1982 were similar and about 1/5 of that found in 1970. The amount of T.S.-blood cells found in M.R. was declining slowly from about 31% in 1970 to about 25% in 1982.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Hypertrophy of actin bundles in tubular cells in acute renal failure.

Small bundles of actin filaments are normally present in the basal part of proximal and distal renal tubular cells and are attached to the basal cell membrane. Their functional significance is unknown, but by contracting they may have a function as a modulator of the intratubular pressure. Increased thickness and number of such actin bundles have been thought to occur in various pathologic conditions, including acute renal failure (ARF), but no quantitative data have been provided. In 19 cases of ARF of the ischemic type ("acute tubular necrosis"), the volume of these bundles was determined by morphometry and expressed per unit area underlying basement membrane (BM). It was found that in ARF there is a significant twofold to fourfold increase in actin bundles in proximal and distal tubular cells compared with findings in nine controls.

Actins↗
PubMed1983

HLA types of mummified Eskimo bodies from the 15th century.

In 1978 the bodies of eight Eskimos were discovered in two tombs among the rocks at Qilakitsoq in the Umanak District on the west coast of Greenland. By C14 analysis at the Danish National Museum the burial was dated around A.D. 1460. The climatic conditions have been favorable for the preservation of the bodies, which were freeze-dried by nature to almost the consistency of wood. With skin and muscle tissue from the thigh, a human leukocyte antigen (HLA) type determination was carried out by means of a microabsorption method developed in this laboratory on spleen tissue from recently deceased persons (Hansen and Gürtler, 1979, 1982). The aim of the HLA determinations of these mummies was to reveal possible family relationships, and to see whether the HLA antigens found would be typical for now-living Eskimo populations. The results indicate that two families were buried, one in each of the two tombs.

Genetic Variation↗
PubMed1983

The impact of HLA-DR antigen matching on the survival of cadaveric renal allografts. A prospective one-center analysis.

The impact of HLA-DR antigen matching on the survival of cadaveric renal allografts was assessed in 158 consecutive transplants performed in our unit since early 1978. In 41 donor-recipient pairs with two shared HLA-DR antigens, the actuarial graft survival rate at 6 months was 73% as compared with 51% in 76 transplants with one HLA-DR antigen shared and 32% in 41 transplants with zero shared HLA-DR antigens. This finding is highly significant (P for heterogeneity [PH] = 0.0005 and P for trend, [PT] = 0.0001). Our data clearly indicate that HLA-DR antigen sharing is more beneficial than merely avoiding HLA-DR incompatibility. But, the frequent antigen HLA-DRw6 was not taken into account in this study due to difficulties in its identification. We found no evidence that the observed beneficial effect of HLA-DR matching could be explained by interaction of other prognostic factors, such as sex, age, previous transplantation, diabetes mellitus or pretransplant blood transfusion. Patients who did not receive blood transfusion prior to transplantation had a significantly lower graft survival rate than those who did (13% vs. 56% at 6 months). HLA-DR matching was found to have a powerful effect on graft survival even among pretransplant blood transfused recipients (PH = 0.002, PT = 0.0006). We conclude that selection of recipients for transplantation should attempt to achieve HLA-DR identical combinations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Acute valproate intoxication: biochemical investigations and hemodialysis treatment.

A 20-year-old female was comatose for several days after intoxication with 75 g sodium valproate (VPA). She was successfully treated with hemodialysis, hemoperfusion, i.v. infusion of glucose, and given intensive care. Although a peak serum VPA of 2120 micrograms/ml (14720 microM) was registered 8 1/2 h after drug intake, no definite drug-related hepatotoxic or thrombocytopenic effects were seen. The only signs of organotoxicity were slight increases in serum amylase and a transient proteinuria. Further acute biochemical alterations were a decrease in serum calcium, an increase in plasma ammonia as well as in serum propionate, and elevated urinary excretions of adipic and suberic acid. Analysis of amino acids in serum revealed a stable increased level of glycine.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Insulin resistance in uraemia. An insulin receptor or an intracellular defect?

The present study was designed to determine the participation of a decreased insulin binding versus that of a post-binding defect in uraemic insulin resistance and to examine the possible effect of dialysis treatment. This was done by constructing an in vivo insulin dose-response curve using the euglycaemic clamp technique. We found that the maximal responsiveness to insulin was decreased in uraemic patients. Long-term dialysis treatment improved the maximum glucose metabolism significantly (7.7. +/- 0.7 mg/kg/min versus 10.7 +/- 0.6 mg/kg/min, p less than 0.01). On the contrary we found no clearcut alteration of the half-maximal insulin concentrations in relation to dialysis. In conclusion, this report indicates that the insulin resistance in uraemia is primarily due to post-binding defects, i.e. an impaired intracellular glucose metabolism or an abnormal glucose transport system.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

HLA antigens in nickel sensitive females: based on a twin and a patient population.

HLA typing was performed in three groups of nickel sensitive persons: a) 27 pairs of female monozygous twins, b) 34 pairs of female dizygous twins, c) 51 unrelated females. Persons who had developed hand eczema were considered separately. In none of these groups did the frequencies of HLA antigens differ significantly from those found among the controls. Thus, no confirmation of the earlier results indicating an association between HLA and nickel sensitivity was established.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Acetate suppresses growth hormone secretion in uremic patients: hemodialysis and acetate infusion experiments.

Growth hormone secretion in uremic patients is completely suppressed immediately after initiation of and during hemodialysis using acetate dialysate. The present study demonstrates that growth hormone secretion stimulated by arginine is also inhibited by hemodialysis. Acetate infusion experiments proved that the high blood acetate level obtained during dialysis is at least partly responsible for this growth hormone suppression by unknown mechanisms.

Acetates↗
PubMed1982

Plasma arginine-vasopressin, renal-concentrating ability and lithium excretion in a group of patients on long-term lithium treatment.

Plasma arginine-vasopressin (AVP) was measured before and after 24 h of a 26-hour renal concentration test in 47 patients treated with lithium for 6-180 months (mean 70 months). In 34 of the patients, plasma AVP was also measured before and after a 2- to 4-hour period of water loading, and in 31 of the patients, creatinine, 125iothalamate, 131I-hippuran and lithium clearances were measured. Plasma AVP values were compared to those obtained in 8 healthy controls. Baseline AVP levels were significantly higher in the lithium-treated patients than in healthy controls. During the period of water deprivation AVP values increased significantly and during oral water loading a significant decrease took place, AVP values still being significantly higher in the lithium-treated patients than in the healthy controls. During oral water loading a slight increase in lithium clearance as well as fractional lithium excretion was seen as compared to values obtained during the last 2 h of a renal concentration test. This study demonstrates that antidiuretic hormone production is neither blocked nor inhibited during lithium treatment. The hypothalamic system reacts on water deprivation as well as on water loading. This study supports the notion that the main lithium-induced renal affection is a vasopressin-resistant impairment of renal concentrating ability.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Acetate: inhibitor of growth hormone hypersecretion in diabetic and non-diabetic uraemic subjects.

Five diabetic and 14 non-diabetic uraemic patients on long-term haemodialysis were studied during twenty-one 24 h periods including 5 to 7 h of haemodialysis against glucose-free acetate buffered dialysis fluid. Half-hourly blood samples were collected for hormonal and metabolite analysis. In addition, blood samples were analyzed in 40 experiments covering the haemodialysis and a pre-dialysis period. Before dialysis, plasma growth hormone levels were high and fluctuating, but almost always fell to low normal values within the first 2 h of haemodialysis. In the diabetic uraemic patients, the occasional severe hypoglycaemic episodes occurring during haemodialysis did not provoke growth hormone release, and hypoglycaemic reactions were not encountered. Intravenous acetate infusion studies resulted in plasma concentrations ranging from 1.3. to 2.7 mmol, ie. about 60 per cent of the levels reached during haemodialysis and in suppression of growth hormone secretion. It is suggested that the fall in growth hormone levels and the lack of hypoglycaemic symptoms during haemodialysis is due to the use of acetate as a fuel in brain.

Acetates↗
PubMed1982

Psoriasis in monozygotic twins: variations in expression in individuals with identical genetic constitution.

The variation in expression of psoriasis, in individuals with identical genetic constitutions, i.e. monozygotic twins, has been studied in a population-based sample of monozygotic twins in the Danish Twin Register. All verified and probable cases of psoriasis in twins, born between 1891 and 1930 inclusive, were ascertained. Results are presented of an examination of all members of index pairs in which both partners were alive. The zygosity determination was based in 94% of the pairs on very extensive serological examinations. Thirty-two monozygotic pairs were found to include at least one partner with unquestionable psoriasis (18 concordant, 14 discordant). The analyses give firm evidence of the contribution of genetic factors to the manifestation, age at onset, clinical type, course, and severity of psoriasis. A close association between psoriasis and HLA-B 13 an B 17 was found in both discordant and concordant pairs. No difference was found between partners from discordant MZ-pairs with regard to infections or marked 'stress' conditions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Inhibition of arginine- and hypoglycemia- induced growth hormone release by acetate in dialyzed patients.

We have previously demonstrated that acetate suppresses the basal hypersecretion of growth hormone in diabetic and non-diabetic uremic patients. The present study was designed to clarify the potency and characteristics of the growth hormone suppressive effect of acetate by applying two powerful growth hormone stimuli: arginine infusion and insulin hypoglycemia. In four non-diabetic uremic and three diabetic uremic subjects, arginine infusion caused a rise in plasma growth hormone to 22.8 +/- 3.3 ng/ml and 22.0 +/- 5.6 ng/ml (mean +/- SEM, P less than 0.05). During hemodialysis against acetate buffered dialysis fluid and during a simultaneous acetate infusion, the response to arginine infusion was almost completely inhibited in both groups. In four uremic subjects insulin hypoglycemia elicited an increase in plasma growth hormone to 30.0 +/- 7.0 ng/ml (mean +/- SEM, P less than 0.05). During hemodialysis and acetate infusion the response to insulin hypoglycemia was again almost abolished. The glucagon and insulin responses were unaffected by hemodialysis as well as by acetate infusion. The results demonstrate the high degree of efficiency of the acetate induced growth hormone suppression comparable to that of glucose.

Acetates↗
PubMed1981

Distribution of blood antigen H in human buccal epithelium of secretors and non-secretors.

The distribution of blood group antigen H in human buccal epithelium was examined in 22 individuals, 16 secretors and six non-secretors of blood group antigens in the saliva. An extract of Ulex europeus was used as marker of blood group antigen H in a triple layer immunofluorescence technique. The cell membranes of the spinous cell layer stained positively in all individuals, whereas the basal cells reacted negatively. Secretors and non-secretors had similar distributions of blood group antigen H in the buccal epithelium. However, a significantly higher amount of blood group antigen H was found in secretors than in non-secretors. The study indicates that an extract of Ulex europeus is a valuable marker for blood group antigen H in studying the distribution of this antigen in oral epithelium.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1981

Albumin and beta 2-microglobulin excretion in patients on long-term lithium treatment.

Albumin and beta 2-microglobulin excretions were studied in 85 unselected patients treated with lithium for more than 6 months. In 15 patients a lithium-induced impaired renal concentrating ability was found, 13 of these patients revealed a chronic interstitial nephropathy on renal biopsy. There was no significant increase in albumin excretion, and a markedly increased beta 2-microglobulin excretion was seen in only 1 patient. This study supports the hypothesis that the lithium-induced renal lesion in confirmed to the distal part of the nephron.

Adult↗