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Biomedical subjects

H E König

Publications and source records attributed to H E König.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Histological aspects of the syrinx of the male mallard (Anas platyrhynchos).

The syrinx of the duck is characterized by a conspicious sexual dimorphism. In the male mallard, a large osseous bulla is present on the left syringeal side. The present work describes the structures of the male syrinx, which were studied by means of histochemistry, immunohistochemistry and electron microscope. In the right distal tympanum a caudally oriented, protruding structure was observed, which was identified as the valvula syringealis. The syringeal structures like valvula, tympanum, bulla, pessulus and the bronchi were in general covered by a respiratory epithelium, however, local modifications in cellular height and numbers of ciliated and goblet cells were observed. The presence of intrinsic musculature was confirmed by means of immunohistochemistry. Smooth muscle cells reaching from the lateral parts of the inter-bronchial ligament to the medial line and cranially to the inner tympaniform membranes were demonstrated. We suppose that these muscle cells play a role in syringeal sound generation by influencing the tension of the medial tympaniform membranes.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

[Functional significance of musculature of the external nose in swine (Sus scrofa f. domestica)].

The origin and attachments of the muscles of the external nose were examined in 17 pigs comprising both sexes and different age groups. The modification of the porcine nasal apex to the snout-disc leads to different functional aspects of the muscles of the external nose. Accordingly, all these muscles are attached to the snout-disc. Only the nasolabial levator and caninus muscles are also attached to the upper lip. In addition, the snout-disc includes an intrinsic muscle, the nasal muscle. With regard to morphological and functional aspects, the nostrils can be divided into two parts. The superficial part consists of muscle and connective tissue and is dilated by the cooperative contraction of all muscles of the external nose. In contrast, the second and cartilaginous part of the nostrils dilates less readily, through contraction of the rostrally located deep fibres of the levator nasolabial muscle. As an adaptation for rooting, a special supportive system for muscles of the external nose has developed in pigs, including osseous (eminentia canina) and muscular (muscular slip of the m. levator labii superioris attached to the nasal bone, species-specific development of the m. levator nasolabialis) structures. The observed cartilaginous connection between the ventral lateral nasal and the vomeronasal cartilages suggests another transport mechanism for odours into the vomeronasal organ. Due to this connection, movement of the snout-disc and the cartilages of the external nose could imply passive movement of the vomeronasal cartilage and therefore of the vomeronasal organ.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

[The morphology of the thyroid gland in poultry with special regard to seasonal variations].

The thyroid glands of 31 chickens at the age of 17 to 24 months were investigated. Different methods of anatomical preparation, casts of vessels and scanning electron microscopy were used. The thyroid gland of birds is a paired organ. It is located on the ventral surface of the base of the neck within the thoracic inlet. The left thyroid gland is placed more cranially than the right one. Each thyroid gland is closely connected to the common carotid artery on the medial side, from which it is supplied and to the jugular vein on the lateral side. It is a reddish-brown organ and of lenticular profile. The gland measures on average 10 mm in length, 6 mm in width and 2 mm in thickness, and is covered by a thin connective tissue capsule which holds adipose cells. It seems that each thyroid follicle is surrounded by a net of capillaries. The investigation by scanning electron microscopy proved that the follicles are oval with a pyramidal top on each end. The cuboidal epithelium cells leave impressions in the colloid. Epithelium cells carry microvilli on the follicle side surface. Described seasonal changes of the thyroid gland in size and activity were able to be confirmed by the examination of the organ in July and December. In winter the follicular cells were higher and the follicles had a greater volume.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

[Anatomy of the fetlock joint in horses by means of joint casts].

The equine fetlock joint cavity shows ten pouches. The dorsal recess, which is oriented to the proximal side, is separated from those three pouches, which show to the distal direction, by several capsular folds. These folds are documented by means of sagittal sections through the fetlock joint. A medial/lateral recess is covered by the deep part of the collateral ligament of the fetlock joint. The collateral ligaments as well as the sesamoidean collateral ligaments are closely connected with the joint capsule, from which two capsular folds are separated. Between the part of the sesamoidean collateral ligament, that inserts to the metacarpus/metatarsus and the part that inserts to the proximal phalanx, the fetlock joint cavity pouches as Recessus palmaris/plantaris distalis medialis/lateralis. The palmar/plantar distal pouch, which lies in the median line, is covered by the Ligamentum sesamoideum rectum. This recess is narrowed down by the cruciated sesamoidean ligaments. The dominant palmar/plantar proximal recess is subdivided into several small pouches by strings or bands of the joint capsule, which can already be seen with an unaided eye.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

[Scanning electron microscopic investigations on the anatomy of the fetlock joint in horses].

Striking synovial structures were taken and their surface was investigated by scanning electron microscopy. Depending where the probes were taken from, the stratum synovial was arranged in a different way. The synovial intima seems to miss under the tendon of the long/commune extensor muscle, the collateral ligaments and the sesamoidean collateral ligaments. That is why the subsynovial tissue forms the superficial layer. The surface of the probes taken sidewards to the tendon of the extensor muscle and of the synovial fold, which is situated between the metacarpus/metatarsus and the proximal phalanx as well as from the palmar/plantar recess is dominated by synovial intima. Synovial cells are mainly arranged as monolayer. Synovial cells are variable in their appearance. Some resemble blackberrys, others show a quite undulating surface. The length of processes of synovial cells differs from 2-10 microns, the diameter of the synovial cells from 5-10 microns. The space between two cells amounts to 2-10 microns. The intercellular gap is put in relation to the length of the cells' processes. The synovial intima is supposed to form a barrier between the articular cavity and the surrounding structures.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[Scanning electron microscopy of the synovial membrane of the distal phalangeal joint and the navicular bursa in horses].

20 extremities of horses were used to investigate the synovial membrane of the distal interphalangeal joint and the navicular bursa. From each extremity five specimens were taken from the distal interphalangeal joint capsule, two further from the navicular bursa. Synovial villi were found near the articular cartilage as well as everywhere where the joint capsule did not form a tight periostal cover or was not connected with ligaments or tendons. Some lay between the articular surfaces of the phalanx media and phalanx distalis. Besides synovial villi and synovial folds "trabecular-like" cords of synovial membrane were demonstrated in the dorsal recess of the distal interphalangeal joint. These extend from one side of synovial membrane to another but they do not have a free ending. The surface of the synovial membrane and the arrangement of several synovial structures are documented.

Aging↗
PubMed1995

[Morphology of the ligamentum glenohumerale mediale in shoulder joints of dogs].

This study was performed on the shoulder joints of 23 dogs of different age and sex. The purpose was to examine the medial wall of the articulatio humeri as well as the intraarticular position of the ligamentum glenohumerale mediale. The examinations showed an attachment of the ligamentum glenohumerale mediale at the articular capsule by crossing the capsule and forming an intraarticular structure. Section of frozen shoulders showed that the ligamentum glenohumerale mediale separated the cavitas glenoidalis of the scapula and the caput humeri of the humerus from medial like a meniscus. Histological sections were remarkable because of the fibrocartilaginous structure. The attachment of the ligament arised from the tendon of the musculus subscapularis and divided the recessus m. subscapularis into two subpouches. The lateral one was more capacious and more extended under the tendon of m. subscapularis.

Aging↗
PubMed1992

[Thr arteries of the male sex organs of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) and their development after hatching].

A total of 83 male Japanese quails of the following age groups were used for this study: 11, 18, 25, 32, 35, 37, 39, 41, 43 days, and 7, 9, 17 weeks after hatching. Neoprene-Latex, Tensol-Cement, and the china ink were injected via the aortic arch. In most of male Japanese quails, the testes are supplied by the A. testicularis originated from the Aorta descendens through a common trunk with the A. renalis cranialis. But in only 3 quails had this artery originated directly from the Aorta descendens on either side. In 9 quails had the A. testicularis accessoria originating independently from the Aorta descendens and running cranially or caudally in short distance to the normal A. testicularis. The arteries for the Ductus deferens were divided into 3 categories. The Rami ureterodeferentiales craniales were spread out from A. testicularis or Rami epididymales. The Rami ureterodeferentiales medii came from the A. renalis media and the A. renalis caudalis. The Rami ureterodeferentiales caudales originated from the A. caudae lateralis and A. pudenda. The Receptaculum ductus deferentis, the Corpus vasculare paracloacalis and the Phallus nonprotrudens in the Cloaca were supplied from the thick Ramus cloacalis of the A. pudenda. The Ramus bursalis of this artery supplied the Glandula proctodaealis and the Bursa cloacalis, and was also thick. The arteries to the genital organs were observed in the 11 day old male quail. The A. pudenda began developing at about 30 days after hatching when the quail's body matured. While the A. testicularis began developing at about 40 days after hatching when the male Japanese quail was full of the spermatogenic activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[The blood supply to the stomach of the dog--a corrosion cast and scanning electron microscopic study].

An unimpaired vascular circulation is vital for gastric function. The arteries of the stomach originate from the coeliac artery; the veins lead to the portal vein. Arteries in the right half of the organ form a perigastric circle of anastomosing vessels, which is lacking on the left side. The basal capillary network of the gastric submucosa shows no important regional differences. Territories of vascularisation are documented for the canine stomach.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Corrosion anatomical and scanning electron microscopic studies of the blood vessels in the digital end organ of the hindlimb of cattle].

By aid of modern corrosion anatomical methods the afferent and efferent blood vessels as well as the microvasculature of the corium of the pelvic limb digit were investigated. The longest papillae are to be found in the perioptic corium. In the coronary corium the length decreases from proximal to distal. In the caudal section of the digital cushion the papillae show a typical, regular wavy form, whorl formation is rare.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Scanning electron microscopic studies of the kidney glomerulus of Pudu pudu (Molina, 1782), and a comparison with that of cattle, goats, sheep and angora rabbits].

The kidney's microvascularization of the Pudu pudu is mostly similar to that of domestic animals. The renal parenchymatous arteries do not give off capsular branches. The majority of the Pudu pudu's glomerula shows spherical shape. Glomerula next to the medulla have a diameter which is an average of 25 microns larger than the diameter of those situated more peripherally. Their volume is comparable to that of the angora rabbit. The capillaries form anastomosis in the inner and outer part of the glomerulus.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Anesthesia in swine].

Pigs are not only anaesthetized in case of operations but often also if diagnostic and therapeutic procedures are necessary. Choice of the anaesthetic and way of application depend on the size of the patient and the indication. The only important local anaesthesia in pigs is epidural anaesthesia. It is indicated in all longer lasting painful procedures in caudal regions. The technique of this anaesthesia is described. From the possible methods of general anaesthesias, in practice injection anaesthesia has been generally accepted for several reasons. Together with barbiturate anaesthesia neurolept-analgesia with Azaperone--Metomidate has become more and more important, because with this form of anaesthesia the technically easy intra-abdominal application is possible in pigs under 15 kg of body weight.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed1988

[Situs inversus of the lungs, heart and liver in a bull].

It is reported on a situs inversus in the thoracic cavity as well as the liver of a 18 months old fattened bull. The position of the organs is the reflected image to their position in the situs solitus. Up to now a situs inversus in the thorax of the bovine race has not been described yet.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Renal capsular arteries in Pudu pudu].

In this essay for the first time capsular arteries in the Chilean deer-species "Pudu pudu" are described. They arise from the renal artery in the hilus area, and are independent of the arterial vascular-tree of the parenchyma. Accompanying veins don't exist. There are venae stellatae.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Microcirculation in the follicles and corpora lutea of the bovine ovary--a corrosion anatomical study].

With the help of a new synthetic material follicles and corpora lutea from the ovaries of 80 cows in different stages of the sexual cycle were examined for modifications of their blood vessel architecture. In the theca externa the main artery which runs towards the follicle, separates into arterioles of which capillaries derive in the theca interna, building a basket-like network around the zona granulosa. After ovulation the follicle wall forms characteristic fields. Capillaries grow into the zona granulosa and thus the folds form the lobular structure of the corpus luteum. Capillaries which rise from the ruptured part of the follicle, spread centripetally and together with lutein cells they build up the not lobulated cupola of the corpus luteum. The regression of the corpus luteum starts around the 16th day of the cycle, beginning at the capillary network of the cupola. A contraction of the vessels and a quick decrease of the volume follow.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[The blood supply of the cauda equina of the cat].

The angioarchitecture of the cauda equina of the cat has been described. The surgeon has to pay attention when operating in this region, because of the arrangement of the vessels and also of the density of the capillary network.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Corrosion anatomical studies of the blood vessel system of the mare ovary].

The ovary of the mare is vascularized by two branches of the A. ovarica, which differ in diameter. They take a characteristic course in this organ. Near the ovulation fossa several branches of 1st and 2nd class leave the A. ovarica to provide the functional structures. These vessels are formed like a corkscrew. At the veins and its ramifications there are sphincter-like structures which support the venous valves. They are of haemodynamic importance for the different phases of the functional structures.

Animals↗