Biomedical subjects
H E Müller-Dietz
Publications and source records attributed to H E Müller-Dietz.
[Carl Ludwig Homburg. A prosector in Goethe's time].
The interest of the medical historian is not necessarily confined to great scholars but can be devoted, as well, to assistant like Homburg who had been not only the prosector of J. C. Loder, anatomist in Jena but had, at the same time, worked for J. W. v. Goethe, Cabinet Minister in Weimar and in charge of Jena University. Some data on the life of prosector C.L. Homburg (who died in 1833) are known to us from notes and letters of Goethe and Loder. Loder had employed the former Berlin student of surgery and barber's assistant to model for him anatomic samples for demonstration and anatomic illustrations and also for his collection. When Loder followed a call to Halle and took his collection of specimens along with him, his successor in Jena had to set up another collection which came under ducal administration. Homburg gave him a helping hand, under Goethe's vigilant control. Loder sold his collection to Russia, some time later, and had an Anatomic Theatre built in Moscow for its accommodation and for anatomic lectures. For that purpose, he called Homburg from Jena and praised him in his public inauguration speech. Two sons and one grandson of Homburg are known to have worked as prosectors, as well, in Moscow, Kharkov, and Kazan.
[Anatomic preparations in the Petersburg "art chamber"].
The first museums on history of nature were opened in early Enlightenment and had originated from baroque curio galleries at most of the European courts. Peter the Great, too, had his "Art Chamber" converted to a universal museum primarily designed to didactic purposes. Much of the space was devoted to anatomic and teratological exhibits. To complete these collections, Peter repeatedly ordered all malformations to be handed over ("Monster Decree"). When travelling abroad, he purchased anatomic, zoological, botanic, and mineralogical collections, such as the famous collection previously owned by Frederik Ruysch in Amsterdam, with injected anatomic specimens with period-style decorations. The Art Chamber collection was later on described by K. W. Burdach, anatomist, and K. E. v. Baer, anthropologist. Many of its exhibits are still at show.
[Foreign doctors at Lenin's sickbed].
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[Friedrich Joseph Haass, a German physician in Moscow].
The physician and philanthropist Friedrich Joseph Haass (1780--1853) is known as the 'holy doctor of Moscow'. There is only one biography about him, which is based on archive documents. This biography, however, needs to be corrected and completed. F.J. Haass was born in Münstereifel, he studied medicine in Cologne and Göttingen, and in 1806 went to Moscow where he practised as a family doctor. There he quickly gained appreciation and prosperity as physician. From 1807--1812 he was medical superintendent of the Paul-Hospital. His scientific work consisted of a study of the Croup and the mineral springs of the Caucasus. From 1825--26 he was 'town physician' (Stadtphysicus) of Moscow. In 1829 a committee aimed at the protection of prisoners was founded in Moscow, and Haass was called into this committee. Up to his death he saw as his main task charitable work for imprisoned and deported persons. He became medical superintendent of the hospitals for prisoners, and later (1844) of a hospital founded by himself for the homeless sick as well. Haass fought with all his power and all his property for the sick "wretched" people, for bondmen and debitors. He achieved several mitigations of the hard conditions of confinement and of the march to Siberia. The essential part of his struggles was confined to the human aid he could give in his direct surroundings. They did not, however, exert any influence on the despotic principles of jurisdiction and of the execution of punishment in Russia.
[The beginnings of city public health administration in Moscow and St. Petersburg].
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[Not Available].
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