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Biomedical subjects

H Ebisawa

Publications and source records attributed to H Ebisawa.

15 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Effects of long-term, light exercise under restricted feeding on age-related changes in physiological and metabolic variables in male Wistar rats.

The effects of long-term, light exercise under restricted feeding on age-related changes in physiological and metabolic functions were examined in male Wistar rats. Adult (100 days old) rats were divided into sedentary (R10S) and exercise (R11E) groups, and given 10 and 11 g/day, respectively, of a 20% casein diet until they reached 900 days of age. Group R11E simultaneously underwent 3000 m/day of running exercise throughout the test period. As compared with the sedentary group, long-term, light exercise significantly increased body nitrogen retention and serum protein levels, decreased body fat and plasma insulin levels, prevented age-related decline in the basal metabolic rate, and reduced age-associated histopathological changes in the kidney and liver. Long-term, light exercise further enhanced the benefits of restricted feeding on age-related deterioration in physiological and metabolic variables and improved body composition, but did not prolong survival at 900 days of age.

Aging↗
PubMed1992

[Assessment of pre-term uterine contractions by characterization of the power spectra of abdominal surface potentials (ASP)].

The prognosis of pre-term labor in the absence of complications such as PROM is dependent on the strength of the uterine contractions, which are dependent on the sensitivity of the myometrium, expressed in terms of bio-electric potentials. Our electromyography were obtained from pregnant ewes, and these were correlated with abdominal surface potentials (ASP) obtained from human volunteers, to see if impending premature labor could be detected and the prognosis predicted. 1) The EMG tracings obtained from pregnant ewes were submitted to a power spectrum analysis. 2) EMG tracings revealed an increase in power output with the advance of labor, but power spectra varied with the stage of labor. 3) Uterine contractions not leading to cervical ripening had a low power output with a low frequency range. 4) Ewes in true labor had EMG's at a high power output of low frequency waves. 5) Ewes in pre-term labor leading to cervical ripening had power outputs similar to ewes in true labor, but the power spectra of the former were wider in range. 6) ASP tracing revealed an increasing power output with increasing uterine contractile activity and power spectra correlated well with the EMGs obtained from ewes. In conclusion, since ASP findings were in good correlation with EMGs obtained directly from the myometrium, we hope that this method may be developed into a practical non-invasive method for detecting and assessing uterine contractions.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1991

Eosinophilia caused by administration of L-tryptophan to animals with adrenal dysfunction.

We have investigated an animal model of eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome (EMS), a disease that occurred in various parts of the United States in 1989, with a view to determining its cause. We speculated that adrenal dysfunction might have potentially contributed to the occurrence of EMS and studied the effects of adrenal dysfunction on the eosinophil count in peripheral blood by using rats and mice whose adrenals had been excised or that had been metyrapone-treated, and giving them L-tryptophan. As a result, a significant increase in the eosinophil count was observed in both animal species. The results suggest that EMS may have been caused, not by L-tryptophan alone, but by the combined effects of adrenal dysfunction and L-tryptophan ingestion.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1991

Studies on hypotensive agents. Synthesis of 1-substituted 3-(2-chlorophenyl)-6-ethoxycarbonyl-5,7-dimethyl-2,4(1H,3H)-quinazoline diones.

3-(2-Chlorophenyl)-6-ethoxycarbonyl-5,7-dimethyl-2,4(1H,3H)-quinazoline dione was newly prepared. 1-Hydrogen atoms of the compound were variously substituted in order to test for their hypotensive activities on relaxing effects of the blood vessels. The compounds with 2-(1-pyrrolidinyl) ethyl, 2-(1-piperidinyl)ethyl, 3-(dimethylamino)propyl, and 3-(N-benzyl-N-methylamino)propyl moieties showed significant activity. The 2-(1-piperidinyl)ethyl compound possessed activity approximately 23 times more potent than papaverine, however, it was less potent than cinnarizine.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Comparisons of urinary creatinine, skeletal muscle mass, and indices of muscle protein catabolism in rats fed ad libitum, with restricted food intake, and deprived of food.

Urinary excretions of creatinine (CR) and 3-methylhistidine (3-MeHis), and skeletal muscle mass (SKM) were measured in rats (male, Wistar, weighing about 290 g) fed a 20% casein diet ad libitum, rats restricted to 70% of the food intake of the ad libitum group, and rats deprived of food for 20 days. At the same time, catabolic rates of muscle protein derived from 3-MeHis/CR, 3-MeHis/BW, and 3-MeHis/SKM were compared. The CR/SKM ratio in the energy-restricted group was similar to the ad libitum group, while the ratio was higher in the food-deprived group than in the other two groups. This means that CR excretion was promoted per unit of skeletal muscle mass by food deprivation. These results indicate that CR excretion can be an index for SKM under the condition of energy restriction, but not under the condition of food deprivation. The present data also suggest that it is possible to use the 3-MeHis/CR ratio instead of 3-MeHis/SKM which is the most reliable index of the three indices, under the condition of mild energy restriction. In food deprivation, however, the 3-MeHis/CR data tended to underestimate the catabolic rate of muscle protein compared with the 3-MeHis/SKM data. The 3-MeHis/BW data was similar to the 3-MeHis/SKM with all dietary conditions. The catabolic rate of muscle protein was constant or decreased very slightly under ad libitum feeding, decreased slightly in energy restriction, and increased drastically with food deprivation.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Long-term effect of energy restriction at different protein levels on several parameters of nutritional assessment.

Experiments were conducted to evaluate long-term effects of energy restricted diets containing different protein levels initiated in adult life on various parameters of nutritional assessment. Rats (male SPF Wistar) were fed 20%-casein diet ad libitum, or 10%-, 20%-, or 40%-casein diets (group 10R, 20R, and 40R, respectively) under energy-restricted conditions, which corresponded to about 60% ad libitum feeding, from 18 to 55 weeks of age. Energy restriction induced a decrease of body-lipid percentage. Although skeleton weight and tail length increased throughout the experimental period in all the groups, these increases were found to be depressed under energy restriction. On the other hand, protein intake level under the energy restriction did influence plasma concentrations of urea and cholesterol, hematocrit, and systolic blood pressure. The group fed the 40%-casein diet tended to be lower in total cholesterol levels at 55 weeks of age, while the group fed 10%-casein diet tended to be lower in hematocrit and higher in systolic blood pressure levels. When mature rats were fed the 60%-energy-restricted diet for a long-term period, those on the 20%- and 40%-casein diets showed somewhat more preferable levels of hematocrit and blood pressure than those on the 10%-casein diet; the 10%-casein diet did not, however, reveal symptoms of malnutrition.

Aging↗
PubMed1987

Enhanced percutaneous absorption of ionizable water-soluble drugs.

The percutaneous absorption of diltiazem hydrochloride (DIL) and disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) [representative, respectively, of cationic and anionic water-soluble drugs] was studied in rabbits, using films prepared from water-soluble components. When corresponding fat-soluble counter-ions were added to films prepared using the electrically neutral components polyvinylalcohol and glycerol, the percutaneous absorption of the drugs was enhanced. Furthermore, when non-electrolytes such as BL-9EX or urea were added to the films together with the counter-ions, the bioavailability of the drugs increased. Consequently, it is postulated that ionizable water-soluble drugs are absorbed through skin by forming fat-soluble ion-pairs and additionally that the barrier function against absorption is reduced by non-electrolytes such as BL-9EX or urea. Such non-electrolytes must not hinder the formation of ion-pairs between the drugs and corresponding counter-ions.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Comparison of the metabolism of diltiazem following percutaneous, subcutaneous, oral and intravenous administration.

The metabolism of diltiazem hydrochloride following percutaneous administration was compared with that following administration orally and by injection, to ascertain possible advantages in the percutaneous administration of ionizable, water-soluble drugs. The various routes of administration gave rise to markedly differing ratios of diltiazem and deacetylated diltiazem in plasma. The ratio of the AUC values for the two substances was 0.3 (intact skin) and 0.5 (stripped skin) following percutaneous administration, 0.2 following injection, and 0.8 following oral administration of diltiazem. Our results suggest that metabolism may be reduced in routes of administration that lead to very rapid drug absorption and/or rapid clearance from blood. HPLC chromatograms of plasma showed that the number and amounts of metabolites were less when diltiazem was given percutaneously rather than orally.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed1985

Effect of dietary protein level on platelet aggregation in rat.

In order to investigate the effects of dietary protein level on the development of atherosclerosis and arterial thrombosis, studies were made on platelet function, plasma lipids and aortic prostaglandin I2 biosynthesis in rats. Under the same calorie intake, the group consuming a low level of protein (10% casein) increased plasma triglycerides and platelet aggregability in comparison with control (20% casein) and high protein groups (60% casein). Moreover, the low protein group produced more thromboxane A2 and less prostaglandin I2 compared with the high protein one. These data suggest that high protein diets may have beneficial effects on arterial thrombosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Effects of dietary protein or amino acids in the perfusion medium on amino acid metabolism in perfused adult rat liver.

To elucidate the response of amino acid metabolism in the liver to dietary protein and plasma amino acids, the livers of adult rats fed on diet containing 10% (control) or 3% (low-protein) egg protein for 3 weeks were perfused for 120 min with amino acid-free medium in Experiment 1 or medium containing an amino acid mixture simulating that in plasma in Experiment 2. During perfusion about 40% of the free amino acids were lost from the liver in Exp. 1, and about 30% in Exp. 2. During this period, in Exp. 1 the releases of free amino acids and urea into the medium were 140 mumol and 2.52 mg, respectively, in the control group and 207 mumol and 1.10 mg respectively, in the low-protein group. Thus release was greater than decrease in free amino acids in the liver. Essential amino acids, particularly lysine and branched chain amino acids, were released preferentially. The results suggest that the amount of breakdown of liver protein in the two groups was similar, but that the nitrogen was mainly released as free amino acids in the low-protein group, and as urea in the control group. On the contrary, in Exp. 2 the amount of nitrogen released from the liver was comparable to the decrease in amino acids in the liver, and the releases of urea were also less, being 1.83 mg in the control group and 0.54 mg in low-protein group. The results show that amino acid metabolism in the liver is greatly affected by the nutritional state of the animal and the amino acid content of the perfusion fluid.

Amino Acids↗