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Biomedical subjects

H Edgar

Publications and source records attributed to H Edgar.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

A comparison of early and mid grazing season suppressive anthelmintic treatments for first year grazing calves and their effects on natural and experimental infection during the second year.

A comparison was made of the efficacy and parasitological sequelae over 2 years, of continuous and intermittent periods of anthelmintic suppression applied both early and in the middle of the first grazing season of calves. Five groups of 15 calves grazing separate paddocks within the same field were allotted to one of the following treatment regimes during their first year at grass: Group 1, untreated controls; Group 2, treated with ivermectin injections at 3, 8 and 13 weeks after turnout; Group 3, treated with ivermectin injections at 10, 15 and 20 weeks after turnout; Group 4, treated with a morantel slow release intraruminal bolus at turnout; Group 5, treated with a morantel slow release bolus at 10 weeks after turnout. Five animals from each group were slaughtered at the end of both grazing seasons. Two months after the end of the second season the remaining five calves were challenged with an experimental infection of 250,000 third-stage larvae (L3) of both Ostertagia ostertagi and Cooperia oncophora. All treatment regimes protected the respective calves from parasitic gastroenteritis. Over the 2 year observation period Groups 2 and 4 showed significantly better weight gain than other groups, and at the end of the first season, they were found to harbour significantly fewer O. ostertagi in the early fourth stage of development. During Year 1, Groups 2 and 3 excreted much lower percentages of Ostertagia spp. eggs than other groups. In Year 2, Group 2 excreted a higher percentage of Ostertagia spp. eggs although the total egg output was approximately half that of Group 1 during the same period. The results showed that the effects of anthelmintic suppression on egg output of different nematode species was affected by the activity of the anthelmintic used.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1995

The institutional review board and beyond: future challenges to the ethics of human experimentation.

Over the past two decades, institutional review boards (IRBs) have transformed the conduct of clinical research, in the process protecting human subjects and setting an admirable standard for monitoring the ethics of science. Nevertheless, the very proliferation of these committees, in addition to changing the character and sponsorship of new research, suggests that a ¿one size fits all¿ approach to the governance of human experimentation may have outlived its usefulness. It may be time to remove the ¿I¿ from the IRB and create a system with greater national oversight. Whether such a change can be accomplished within the current political climate is debatable. But the need for such a shift is becoming increasingly apparent.

Advisory Committees↗
PubMed1991

AIDS, activism, and ethics.

From the treatment IND to drug importation, to the parallel track and beyond, AIDS advocates have largely succeeded in doing what earlier FDA critics were unable to do: take more decisions out of the hands of government and the research establishment and cede them to patients and their physicians. The profound ethical and clinical implications are discussed.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1990

Medical privacy issues in the age of AIDS: legislative options.

Promises of confidentiality of HIV-related medical records and protection from discrimination based on HIV seropositivity are two of the legislative inducements state governments have offered to encourage voluntary HIV testing. Yet neither can be granted without impact on others whose interests range from those of a lover to those of an insurer. Politics as well as practicalities prevent the absolute protection of records from unauthorized disclosure and of individuals from discrimination. This article details the already enacted statutory compromises that have been made to resolve the conflicts of these competing interests and closely examines the myriad fine decisions made in reaching those legislative decisions.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1976

Recovery from inhalation of diquat aerosol.

A patient developed high fever, cough, changing consolidations on chest roentgenograms, jaundice, and skin rash following inhalation of diquat aerosol. To our knowledge this is the first report of diquat inhalation and only the second report of aerosol damage from any part of the dipyridyl herbicides.

Accidents, Home↗