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Biomedical subjects

H Ehara

Publications and source records attributed to H Ehara.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

The carbohydrate deficient glycoprotein syndrome in three Japanese children.

We describe 3 children (from two families) with a multisystemic disorder characterized by mental retardation, nonprogressive ataxia, polyneuropathy, hepatopathy during infancy and growth retardation. Due to the clinical similarities to a recently recognized disorder associated with carbohydrate-deficient transferrin, we examined serum transferrin by means of isoelectric focusing, and found increases in disialo transferrin and asialotransferrin. Removal of sialic acid with neuraminidase revealed the same transferrin phenotypes as in their parents. Similarly, carbohydrate-deficient fractions of serum alpha 1-antitrypsin were also detected. Therefore, the diagnosis was made of the recently identified carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein syndrome. This is a genetic disorder with distinctive clinical features and multiple carbohydrate-deficient glycoproteins. These seem to be the first reported Japanese patients with this syndrome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Study on chemosensitivity test of urogenital tumors by ATP assay].

In order to improve the efficacy of chemotherapy against urogenital cancers, we developed a chemosensitivity test by measuring intracellular ATP in cancer cells. In the fundamental experiments using HeLa cells, a significant correlation was observed between intracellular ATP levels and numbers of viable cells. We employed 8 drugs, ADM, VCR, VLB, MTX, 5-FU, PEP, MMC, and CDDP for the assay Thirty-four renal tumors, 68 urothelial tumors and 19 testicular tumors were tested, and evaluable results were obtained in 25 specimens of renal tumors (76%) 55 specimens of urothelial tumors (80%) and 17 specimens of testicular tumors (98%). According to the ATP assay, renal tumors were sensitive to ADM and MMC, urothelial tumors to ADM, MMC and CDDP and testicular tumors to ADM and MMC. The ATP assay to determine the chemosensitivity to clinical specimens was sensitive and efficient. Thus the ATP assay could be applied for selection of anticancer drugs in the chemotherapy of urogenital cancers.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1991

Localization of prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase in neurons and glia in monkey brain.

The localization of prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase in monkey brain was investigated by the immunoperoxidase method using the monoclonal antibody (PES-7) raised against the enzyme purified from bovine seminal vesicle. The frozen sections with 30-microns thickness were employed after the brain was fixed with perfusion of 2% paraformaldehyde in phosphate-buffered saline. The immunoreactivity was most intense in the neurons of cerebral cortex and hippocampus, and was moderate in the neurons of caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus and amygdala, while it was relatively weak in glial cells in the whole brain regions including the white matter. The majority of neurons showed the immunoreactivity in the somata and proximal dendrites, but exceptionally in the pyramidal cells of the hippocampus, positive staining was also observed in the apical dendrites. In the cerebellum, the immunoreactivity in both neurons and glia was rather faint as compared with that in other regions. Positive staining was not significantly observed in the vasculatures and arachnoid membranes. These findings indicate that most of neuronal and glial cells in monkey brain contain the enzyme of the rate-limiting and initial step of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins which regulate a variety of neural functions.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Secondary tumor of the prostate: a case report].

We report a case of a 62-year-old man with secondary prostatic tumor, which manifested postrenal renal failure. Although pathological examination of the transurethral biopsy specimen and rectal biopsy specimen revealed no malignancy, transperineal prostatic biopsy specimen demonstrated signet ring adenocarcinoma. Post-mortem examination suggested that cancer cells had transferred from the stomach or the gallbladder to the prostate and other organs.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗
PubMed1991

[Clinical study of urinary fungal infection: survey of patient background and fungal strains from the urine].

Clinical features of urinary fungal infections were analyzed in 152 patients in whom fungi were cultured from urine and mycologically identified between February, 1989 and June, 1990. The average age was 66 years old, and approximately 70% of the patients were 60 years old or older. Systemic and urinary tract underlying diseases were observed in 145 patients (95.4%) and 70 patients (46.1%) had urinary indwelling catheters. Previous use of antimicrobial agents before isolation of urinary fungi was recorded in 103 patients (67.8%), the 2nd and 3rd generation cephems and new quinolones being most frequent. A mixture of fungi and bacteria was observed in 68 patients (44.7%). Gram-positive cocci were isolated from 50% of them. Of 173 strains of fungi, C. glabrata was the most frequent (31.2%), followed by C. albicans (27.8%), C. tropicalis (17.3%) and T. beigelii (15.0%). All strains of C. glabrata, C. albicans, C. tropicalis and T. beigelii were highly sensitive to flucytosine (5-FC), miconazole (MCZ) and amphotericin B (AMPH), except for 3 strains which were resistant to 5-FC. The consecutiveness was confirmed by repeated culture in 59.4% of the patients. Fungi in the urine, however, spontaneously disappeared in the other patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

[Flucytosine in the treatment of urinary fungal infections. Clinical efficacy and background factors].

Flucytosine (5-FC), an oral antifungal agent, was used in the treatment of 37 patients with urinary tract infections due to fungi. Criteria for treatment included pyuria of greater than or equal to 5 WBCs/HPF, fungal colony counts in urine greater than 10(3) CFU/ml and the presence of candiduria in 2 consecutive urine culture with interval of 7 days. Patients received 2 approximately 8 g/day of 5-FC for 7 to 14 days. The clinical efficacy was evaluated in 27 patients with 14 day-treatment and overall efficacy rate was 77.8%. In patients with indwelling catheter, overall efficacy rate was lower than that in patients without catheter. Twenty-two of 30 strains (73.3%) were eradicated by the treatment. The MIC of 5-FC for isolates was less than 0.78 micrograms/ml except for 5 strains. The secondary resistance during 5-FC treatment was observed in early phase in 6 patients whose clinical efficacy was poor. The loss of appetite and mild leukocytopenia were observed as adverse effects. From the results of our study, 5-FC appears to be effective and safe in the treatment of urinary tract infection due to fungi.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Analysis of antigens recognized by anti-gamma-seminoprotein antibody and anti-prostate-specific antigen antibody by means of Ouchterlony method and western blotting method].

Antigens recognized by anti-gamma-seminoprotein (gamma-Sm) antibody and anti-prostate-specific antigen (PA) antibody were analyzed immunologically by Ouchterlony method and Western blotting method. The double immunodiffusion test demonstrated that anti-gamma-Sm antibody and anti-PA antibody reacted against an identical antigen in seminal fluid or prostate homogenate. In the immunoblotting examination, anti-gamma-Sm antibody and anti-PA antibody formed a single and identical band, which gave a molecular weight of 33,000, in seminal fluid and prostate homogenate. This study demonstrated that anti-gamma-Sm antibody and anti-PA antibody recognized a single and identical antigen in seminal fluid and prostate homogenate and suggested that an identical material could be measured in sera of patients with prostate cancer by immunoassay systems using anti-gamma-Sm antibody and anti-PA antibody.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1989

[Acute focal bacterial nephritis (acute lobar nephronia) report of two cases].

Acute focal bacterial nephritis (AFBN) is one of the acute renal infections, its entity can be distinguished from other renal infections by the findings of sonography and computed tomography. There is no evidence of liquefaction in focal masses of AFBN in contrast to renal abscess. We present two cases with AFBN. The first case was a 52-year-old man with diabetes mellitus and benign prostatic hypertrophy. The second case was a 24-year-old woman with bilateral vesico-ureteral refluxes. Although their initial symptoms mimicked those of acute pyelonephritis, the findings of sonography and computed tomography revealed renal masses. They were treated with anti-microbial agents, and showed rapid improvement on both clinical symptoms and renal masses.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1989

[A case of localized amyloidosis of the bladder manifesting post-renal failure].

We report a case of primary localized amyloidosis of the bladder which manifested post-renal failure. A 79-year-old woman with diabetes mellitus complained of anorexia and oliguria. Computed tomographic (CT) scan showed bilateral hydronephrosis. Cystoscopic examination revealed a broad-based nonpapillary tumor in the trigonum of the bladder and CT scan demonstrated thickening of the posterior wall of the bladder. Pathological examination of the transurethral biopsy specimen revealed amyloid deposits in the submucosa, but no malignant changes were found. Cytodiagnosis of washing fluid of the bladder revealed amyloid deposits around the exfoliative cells. Serum electrophoresis showed a normal pattern. Urinary Bence-Jones protein was not detected. Amyloid deposits were not found in rectal mucosa. Systemic or secondary amyloidosis was ruled out from these findings, and primary localized amyloidosis of the bladder was diagnosed. The mass of the bladder was transurethrally resected and pig-tail stents were indwelt. These procedures gave a satisfactory result.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1989

[An experimental study on antitumor effect of prostaglandin D2].

The cell growth inhibitory effects of prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) were examined on cultured and implanted malignant tumor cell lines. The results were as follows. 1) PGD2 showed significant cytotoxicity against Sarcoma-180, Ehrlich cancer, Yoshida sarcoma and KATO-III in culture. The cytotoxicity of PGD2 against KATO-III was the lowest. 2) PGD2 at a dose of 40 micrograms/mouse/day was intraperitoneally injected into ddY mice for 10 days starting on the first day after an intraperitoneal implant of 2 X 10(5) Sarcoma-180 cells. As a result, the duration of survival was significantly prolonged. However, intravenous injection was less effective than intraperitoneal injection. 3) Addition of Forskolin to the cultured KATO-III cells with PGD2 resulted in a significant increase of cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels. However, the growth inhibition of PGD2 was independent of elevated levels of cAMP. 4) DNA histograms using flow cytometry showed PGD2 blocked significantly G2 + M phase DNA synthesis in the cultured Sarcoma-180 cells, and S phase DNA synthesis in KATO-III cells was significantly blocked with PGD2 at a concentration of 100 micrograms/ml. The results indicate that PGD2 possesses an antitumor effect on 4 malignant tumor cell lines. Furthermore, it seems that the antitumor mechanism of PGD2 is due to the inhibition of DNA synthesis rather than the action through cAMP-receptor, and the blockade to cell cycle progression is dependent on kinds of tumor cell lines.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Enzymological and immunological studies on a clinical case of platelet cyclooxygenase abnormality.

A peroxidase-linked immunoassay of the sandwich type was developed for a quantitative determination of the amount of human cyclooxygenase. Two species of monoclonal antibodies (hPES01 against the human enzyme and PES-5 against the bovine enzyme) were utilized, which recognized different epitopes on the cyclooxygenase of human platelets. The peroxidase activity of the immunoprecipitate was correlated with the amount of cyclooxygenase. The enzyme immunoassay was applied to platelets from 15 normal subjects and a clinical case of platelet cyclooxygenase abnormality with a prolonged bleeding time. Almost the same level of immunoreactive protein was found in platelets of both normal subjects and the patient. However, the solubilized enzyme from the patient's platelets did not transform arachidonic acid to prostaglandin H2 (PGH2) while thromboxane production from PGH2 was observed at a normal level.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[A case of female urethral diverticulum calculi].

A 53-year-old nulliparous woman complained of terminal pain on urination and bended micturition. Previously, she had been treated unsuccessfully with antibiotics for chronic cystitis. On examination, a mass of approximately a thumb's head-size, was palpated at the left portion of urethral meatus. Plain film of the pelvis revealed stones under the margin of symphysis pubis. Positive pressure urethrography revealed a diverticulum slightly larger than the stones. Transvestibular diverticulectomy and urethrolithotomy were performed without any postoperative complications. In Japan, 38 cases of diverticulum calculi of the female urethra have been reported.

Diverticulum↗
PubMed1988

[A case of superselective transcatheter embolization for injured renal segmental artery associated with percutaneous nephroureterolithotomy (PNL)].

A case in which the renal segmental artery was injured due to percutaneous nephroureterolithotomy (PNL) and treated by superselective transcatheter embolization is reported. The patient was a 30-year-old man with left ureteral and bilateral renal calculi. The left renal and ureteral calculi were successfully removed by PNL and a 24Fr. nephrostomy catheter was placed for 8 days after PNL. A few minutes after removal of the nephrostomy catheter, arterial bleeding, which seemed to occur due to injury of renal segmental artery associated with PNL, began. The bleeding was stopped by replacement of a 24Fr. nephrostomy catheter and the patient received 5 units of packed red blood cells. Six days after hemorrhage, superselective transcatheter embolization was performed. No further bleeding occurred and the nephrostomy catheter was removed 2 days later without any incident. This interventional technique is safe and useful to control bleeding from renal segmental artery injured by PNL.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Regional distribution of prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase studied by enzyme-linked immunoassay using monoclonal antibodies.

Prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase transforms arachidonic acid to prostaglandin H2 via prostaglandin G2. The enzyme purified from bovine vesicular gland was given to mice as antigen, and monoclonal antibodies were raised by the hybridoma technique. Two species of the monoclonal antibody recognizing different sites of the enzyme were utilized to establish a peroxidase-linked immunoassay of prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase. Fab' fragment of one of the antibodies was prepared and conjugated to horseradish peroxidase. The conjugate was then bound to prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase, and the labeled enzyme was precipitated by the addition of the other antibody. The peroxidase activity of the immunoprecipitate correlated linearly with the amount of prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase. This sensitive and convenient method to determine the enzyme amount rather than the enzyme activity was utilized to extensively screen the amount of prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase in various bovine tissues. In addition to vesicular gland, platelets and kidney medulla previously known as rich enzyme sources, the immunoenzymometric assay demonstrated a high content of the enzyme in various parts of alimentary tract and a low but significant amount of enzyme in some parts of brain.

Animals↗