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H Ehya

Publications and source records attributed to H Ehya.

53 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

The cytologic diagnosis of mesothelioma.

The cytologic features of malignant mesothelioma cells in serous effusions are presented. Carcinomatous mesotheliomas are characterized by abundant neoplastic cells occurring singly and in clusters. The optically dense cytoplasm with lacy peripheral vacuoles, scalloped borders of cell clusters, intercellular spaces, "cell-in-cell" arrangement, and frequent multinucleation of cells are features of malignant mesothelioma, but none is pathognomonic of this tumor. A positive cytoplasmic staining of tumor cells with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) after diastase digestion, and with mucicarmine stain after hyaluronidase treatment are against the diagnosis of mesothelioma, while positive staining with alcian blue, which becomes negative after the treatment with hyaluronidase is strongly suggestive of mesothelioma. The tumor cells react with antibodies to cytokeratin and vimentin, and do not react with carcinoembryonic antigen. Ultrastructurally, mesothelioma cells are characterized by long slender branching microvilli and numerous pinocytotic vesicles. They lack mucin vacuoles and intracellular lumens. An accurate diagnosis of mesothelioma depends on a full knowledge of the clinical history and radiologic findings, and proper application of histochemical, immunodiagnostic, and electron microscopic techniques.

Cytodiagnosis↗
PubMed1985

Effects of restraint stress on inoculated tumor growth and immune response in rats.

Rats were given injections s.c. of mammary adenocarcinoma cells which developed into undifferentiated carcinomas within a few days. The animals were either left alone or were stressed by restraint for 3 h a day for 11 days and then left for 12 days undisturbed to recover. During this schedule, some animals were sacrificed immediately after the 11-day stress period, whereas others were allowed the 12-day recovery period; unstressed animals were sacrificed as controls on these 2 days. Tumor burden was significantly increased during stress and markedly decreased after the recovery period as compared to unstressed rats. Higher mitotic activity was seen in the tumors of rats which recovered from stress. The immune system responded differently to stress in healthy and tumor-bearing animals. In the tumor-bearing animals, leukocytes were decreased by stress and increased after the recovery period. Lymphocytes were increased, and neutrophiles and large granular lymphocytes were decreased after the recovery period. Total T-cells and suppressor T-cells were decreased during stress and increased during recovery. The percentage of T-cell populations was unaffected by stress, but the percentage of suppressor T-cells increased during recovery. Natural killer cell activity was unaffected by stress but increased after the recovery period. These results indicate that (a) stress and recovery from stress differentially affect tumor development and growth, (b) stress and recovery from stress cause different effects on the immune system in healthy or tumor-bearing animals, (c) stress and recovery from stress stimulate or inhibit different parts of the immune system, and (d) a decreased lymphocyte count and total and suppressor T-cell numbers correlated best with enhanced tumor growth, whereas increased numbers of neutrophils, large granular lymphocytes, total and suppressor T-cells, natural killer cell activity, and a decreased percentage of T-suppressor cells correlated best with depressed tumor growth.

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗
PubMed1984

Intrapericardial instillation of sodium hydroxide: failure to produce pericardial symphysis.

Previously reported clinical studies have suggested sodium hydroxide as an effective agent in causing pleural symphysis. To explore the sclerosing potential of this agent, we instilled 0.5% sodium hydroxide into the pericardium of four dogs. Normal saline was instilled into the pericardium of one control dog. Echocardiograms, 24 hour EKG monitoring and intracardiac pressures were recorded. One dog was sacrificed at the end of 24 hours, another at the end of seven days and three other dogs were sacrificed at the end of 28 days. ST elevations and prolonged episodes of supra-ventricular and ventricular tachycardia were noted during and within 24 hours after the intrapericardial instillation of sodium hydroxide in all the dogs. No arrhythmias were noted in the control dog. None of the dogs showed pericardial symphysis. These results suggest that sodium hydroxide causes serious cardiac arrhythmias when instilled intrapericardially and is of limited value in causing pericardial symphysis.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Virus-associated colitis in homosexual men: two case reports.

Two homosexual men with colitis are described. In each case there was evidence of viral infection of the colon. One patient developed toxic megacolon that responded to conservative therapy. The other patient had proctosigmoiditis and opportunistic infections that eventually led to his death. An intensive search for viruses should be made in all homosexual men with proctitis and/or colitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Postpartum dissecting aneurysm of coronary arteries in a patient with sarcoidosis.

We have described a case of sudden death in a 27-year-old woman, 16 days postpartum, resulting from a dissecting aneurysm of the right and left coronary arteries. The patient also had multiorgan sarcoidosis. Postpartum coronary artery dissecting aneurysm appears to be caused by weakening of the media, resulting from the loosening of the ground substance during pregnancy and the hemodynamic changes occurring during and after delivery.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Differentiating large cell lymphoma from indolent small B-cell lymphoma in fine needle aspirates using p53, PCNA and transformed lymphocyte count.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the usefulness of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), p53 protein expression and transformed lymphocyte count (TLC) as adjunctive tests to differentiate indolent small B-cell lymphoma from large cell lymphoma in fine needle aspiration biopsies. STUDY DESIGN: Aspirates of lymphoproliferative disorders from April 1993 to January 1997 were reviewed. The percentage of TLCs was determined on the Papanicolaou smear. The percentage and intensity of p53 and PCNA immunocytochemical staining was evaluated on cell block sections. These results were compared and correlated with the final diagnoses based on available morphology, flow cytometry and clinical history. RESULTS: There were 40 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and 12 reactive lymph nodes. Adequate cell blocks were available on 16 large cell lymphomas, 7 grade 1-2 follicular center cell lymphomas, 6 mucosal associated lymphoid tissue lymphomas, 2 small lymphocytic lymphomas and 2 mantle cell lymphomas. Average TLC and p53 nuclear staining was highest in large cell lymphomas (57% TLC and 24% p53), followed by grades 1 and 2 follicular lymphomas (14% TLC and 15% p53) and lowest in other indolent lymphomas (< 10% TLC and < 1% p53). Average PCNA staining was highest in large cell lymphomas (46%) and lowest in small lymphocytic lymphomas (7%); however, TLC was the best parameter for differentiating large cell lymphoma from indolent small B-cell lymphoma. CONCLUSION: TLC differentiated large cell lymphoma from indolent small B-cell lymphoma better than either p53 or PCNA alone or in combination. Significant overlap between categories limits usefulness of these immunocytochemical stains for differentiating these entities.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Significance of pericellular lacunae in cell blocks of effusions.

A retrospective study was conducted to assess the usefulness of pericellular lacunae in cell block sections of serous effusions in diagnosis. From January to December 1988, 286 cell blocks were prepared in our laboratory from pleural, pericardial and peritoneal fluids; 62 of them were excluded from this study because of inadequate cellularity, diagnostic uncertainty or lack of a proteinaceous background. The remaining consisted of 148 benign effusions from 128 patients and 76 malignant effusions from 56 patients. A single specimen from each patient was selected and reviewed to assess the presence and number of pericellular lacunae and to determine the relationship of this feature to cell arrangement (single cells versus cell clusters). Pericellular lacunae were found in 42 (75%) of the malignant effusions as compared to 41 (32%) of benign specimens. In the majority of malignant cases with lacunae, this feature was associated with greater than two-thirds of the cells, whereas in benign cases, when present, it was seen in less than one-third of the cells. Neoplasms characterized by large cell clusters more frequently had lacunae than did those with small groups or single cells. Lacunae were not evident in cases of malignant melanoma and lymphoma. We conclude that although pericellular lacunae are more often associated with malignant cells, their presence in itself cannot be used as a reliable indicator of malignancy in body cavity fluids.

Ascitic Fluid↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fine needle aspiration cytology of retroperitoneal paraganglioma with lipofuscin pigmentation.

The cytologic features observed in fine needle aspiration smears and cell blocks from a retroperitoneal paraganglioma are described. The aspirate contained clusters of uniform cells of medium size, with ill-defined borders, round nuclei and evenly dispersed chromatin. An unusual feature was the presence of cytoplasmic pigment, which proved to be lipofuscin by histochemical staining and electron microscopy. The histologic and ultrastructural findings, as well as the results of histochemical and immunodiagnostic staining, are also presented.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Brushing cytology in biliary tract obstruction.

During a period of eight years (1980 to 1987), cytologic samples were obtained by brushing and reverse screw devices from 54 patients undergoing transhepatic cholangiography for evaluation of obstructive jaundice. Eight patients were excluded from this study, seven for inadequate follow-up and one because of unsatisfactory cytologic material. Of the remaining cases, 32 were cytologically diagnosed as adenocarcinomas; all but one patient proved to have malignant disease by histologic examination and/or through clinical follow-up. These included 21 pancreatic carcinomas, 6 bile duct carcinomas, 1 ampullary carcinoma, 1 gallbladder carcinoma and 2 metastatic carcinomas. In one case, the diagnosis of malignancy was found to be in error upon review of the cytologic smears. Of 14 patients with negative cytologic diagnoses, 7 were found to have malignant neoplasms and 7 had benign diseases. These findings indicate that, while a positive cytologic diagnosis is a reliable indicator of a malignant biliary obstruction, a negative result does not exclude malignancy.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nuclear grooves in the aspiration cytology of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid.

Nuclear grooving has recently been shown to be a useful morphologic feature in the diagnosis of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid in tissue sections and imprint smears. In order to assess the diagnostic value of nuclear grooving in cytologic specimens, the presence of this feature was evaluated in fine needle aspirates from 20 papillary carcinomas of the thyroid, 10 follicular adenomas, 3 follicular carcinomas, 1 medullary carcinoma, 10 nodular goiters and 4 cases of Hashimoto's thyroiditis. In each case, 30 random high-power fields (HPFs), or all fields in less cellular smears, were examined, and the percentage of the fields in which nuclear grooving could be seen was recorded. Seventeen of 20 papillary carcinomas (85%) showed nuclear grooves in more than 25% of the HPFs examined; in the remaining three cases, grooves were observed in less than 25% of the HPFs. In control cases (all other thyroid lesions), nuclear grooves either were absent or were present in less than 25% of the HPFs examined. These findings suggest that nuclear grooving, when seen in abundance, can be considered a reliable criterion for the diagnosis of papillary carcinoma in fine needle aspiration cytology of the thyroid. The presence of occasional grooves, however, should be regarded as a nonspecific finding.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Detached ciliary tufts in pouch of Douglas fluid.

Detached ciliary tufts were observed in fluid obtained during laparoscopy from the pouch of Douglas of a young woman with secondary infertility. Previous reports of this finding are reviewed, and various etiologic factors in the production of these structures are discussed. This phenomenon appears to be a normal physiologic condition that results from exfoliation of the distal portion of the fallopian tube epithelial cells, possibly under the influence of progesterone in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Positive effusion cytology as the initial presentation of malignancy.

During a period of four years (1981 to 1984), 641 ascitic, 860 pleural and 47 pericardial fluid specimens were examined cytologically. Of these, 154 ascitic samples, 174 pleural specimens and 10 pericardial effusions, obtained, respectively, from 108, 133 and 7 patients, were found to contain malignant cells. In 7 patients, ascites, and in 18 cases, pleural effusions were the first indication of cancer. None of the positive pericardial fluids was the initial presentation of malignancy. The cytologic findings and follow-up data on these 25 patients are the subject of this study. The most common type of neoplasm in these effusions was adenocarcinoma (86% of the ascitic and 78% of the pleural fluids). Most of the malignant neoplasms in ascitic fluids were derived from ovarian tumors (5 of 7) while those in pleural effusions came mainly from lung tumors (12 of 18). Mammary carcinoma, which was the most common malignant tumor found in cases of pleural effusions, did not present initially with an effusion in any of our cases. The cytologic diagnosis was confirmed in all cases by either biopsy or strong clinical evidence. The prognosis in patients who initially presented with an effusion was poor. All of the patients with an adequate follow-up died within 29 months in cases of ascites and within 19 months in cases of pleural effusions.

Ascitic Fluid↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cytology of mesothelioma of the tunica vaginalis metastatic to the lung.

The case of a 63-year-old man with malignant mesothelioma of the tunica vaginalis testis confirmed by electron microscopy is presented. The tumor recurred in the scrotal skin and subsequently metastasized to the inguinal and retroperitoneal lymph nodes. Four and a half years after the original diagnosis, pulmonary metastases were discovered by cytologic examination of bronchial washings and confirmed by transbronchial lung biopsy. The cytologic features of the metastatic malignant mesothelial cells are described and compared to those of mesothelioma cells in body cavity fluids. The role of cytology in the early detection of such tumors is discussed.

Bronchi↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cytopathology of nonlymphoreticular neoplasms metastatic to the central nervous system.

During a period of two years (1977 to 1978), 5,185 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens were examined in the Cytology Laboratory of Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. Malignant cells were identified in 853 specimens. Of the positive specimens, 524 were obtained from 118 patients with nonlymphoreticular metastatic neoplasms. The most common tumors were mammary carcinoma (37%), pulmonary carcinoma (27%) and malignant melanoma (18%). The majority of epithelial tumors (77%) were adenocarcinomas. The interval between the primary diagnosis of malignancy and the time of first positive cytology varied significantly according to the type of neoplasm. The interval was approximately five times longer in patients with breast carcinoma and malignant melanoma (52 months) than in cases of lung carcinoma and bladder carcinoma (11 and 9 months, respectively). The prognosis, however, was invariably grave. Seventy-five percent of patients with follow-up died within 100 days of the first positive CSF. The tumor cells were often relatively small, with slight anisocytosis and pleomorphism as compared to their counterparts in other cytologic material. Cytology of the various neoplasms is presented, with attention to the morphologic changes during the follow-up period.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cytologic diagnosis of upper urinary tract neoplasms by ureteroscopic sampling.

During a three-year period, 160 cytologic specimens from the upper urinary tract (UUT) were collected from 62 patients. The specimens were obtained during ureteroscopy using various sampling techniques, including washing, brushing, aspiration and minute biopsies. The patients ranged from 17 to 84 years of age and consisted of 32 men and 30 women. For each patient one diagnosis that indicated the highest degree of abnormality was selected. These consisted of 23 "malignant," 9 "suspicious for malignant," 19 "atypical," 8 "negative for malignancy" and 3 "unsatisfactory" diagnoses. Of 30 patients with a malignant or suspicious diagnosis for whom adequate clinical and follow-up information was available, 18 had histologic confirmation of malignancy, and the other 12 had clinical and endoscopic evidence of neoplasms. Of 15 patients with an atypical diagnosis and adequate follow-up, 2 proved to have low grade transitional cell carcinoma, 1 had a fibroepithelial polyp, and 12 had clinical, endoscopic and follow-up evidence of nonneoplastic conditions. None of the 11 cases with negative or unsatisfactory diagnoses was found to have a malignant neoplasm. Because of the difficulty in obtaining adequate biopsies from UUT lesions, cytologic examination is the most practical method of diagnosis. This study indicated that highly accurate results are achieved, with close correlation between endoscopic and cytologic findings.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fine needle aspiration biopsy in pediatric ophthalmic tumors and pseudotumors.

In an eight-year period (1983-1990) approximately 500 fine needle aspiration biopsies (FNABs) of eye lesions were processed in our laboratory. Eighty-one of the cases, obtained from 77 pediatric patients (ranging from 4 weeks to 16 years of age), were the subject of this study. The specimens included 73 intraocular and 8 orbital aspirates. Forty-four of the specimens were from diagnostic procedures, whereas 37 were obtained from surgical specimens immediately after enucleation. Eight FNABs (four diagnostic and four postenucleation) were deemed inadequate for cytologic diagnosis. Of the remaining 73 cases, 38 were diagnosed as malignant (34 retinoblastomas, 3 medulloepitheliomas, 1 rhabdomyosarcoma), and all were confirmed upon subsequent histologic examination. Four cases were diagnosed as suspicious for malignancy; all of them proved to be malignant (two retinoblastomas, two rhabdomyosarcomas). One orbital aspirate contained cells suggestive of a glial origin and was confirmed histologically as pilocytic astrocytoma. Ten cases were reported as compatible with Coats' disease; all were confirmed to be benign by histologic examination (three cases) or clinical follow-up (seven cases). The remaining 20 benign aspirates (13 with inflammatory cells, 6 with macrophages and 1 with blood) proved to be from benign conditions by histologic examination (4 cases) or clinical follow-up (16 cases). There were no false-positive diagnoses. The overall accuracy of FNAB was 95%, and the accuracy of cytologic interpretation was 100%. We conclude that FNAB is a reliable and accurate diagnostic modality in the assessment of selected pediatric ophthalmic diseases.

Adolescent↗