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Biomedical subjects

H Engelmann

Publications and source records attributed to H Engelmann.

23 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Sensitization and desensitization to lethal effects of tumor necrosis factor and IL-1.

BALB/c mice were sensitized to lethal effects of human rTNF-alpha and of human rIL-1 alpha by simultaneous treatment with sublethal doses of actinomycin D (Act D) or D-galactosamine (GalN). In contrast, treatment with sublethal doses of TNF or IL-1 themselves resulted in desensitization of the mice to the lethal effect of these cytokines: mice injected with TNF or IL-1 in the absence of Act D or GalN responded to a second injection of TNF or IL-1, this time together with Act D or GalN, by a significantly delayed death, or even survived. Desensitization developed rapidly (0.5-1.0 h) and abated 24 to 48 h postinjection. Each of the two cytokines induced hyporesponsiveness to its own lethal effect as well as to that of the other. Injection of TNF or IL-1 at sublethal doses resulted also in hyporesponsiveness to the lethal effect of LPS on mice primed with bacillus Calmette-Guérin, an effect which most likely is mediated by TNF and IL-1 produced in those mice in response to the LPS. TNF and IL-1 in combination had an additive effect both in lethality and in desensitization of the mice. These findings suggest that some of the deleterious effects of TNF and IL-1 are modulated by antagonistic mechanisms; mechanisms which can be suppressed by sensitizing agents, specifically by agents inhibiting the synthesis of RNA or protein; but which, in the absence of such agents, are found to be augmented in response to TNF and IL-1, thus resulting in desensitization.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Replacement therapy for a homozygous protein C deficiency-state using a concentrate of human protein C and S.

A severe congenital deficiency of protein C was diagnosed in a 10-month-old girl who had been suffering from skin necrosis since the age of 7 months. The patient was treated initially with fresh frozen plasma, 10 ml per kg body weight, every 24 h. Following treatment, the mean plasma level of protein C was 0.1 U/ml after 30 min and less than 0.02 U/ml after 24 h. The child was then treated with a concentrate of human protein C and S, 100 U protein C per kg body weight, given every 48 h for a period of 9 months. The mean plasma level of protein C was 0.93 U/ml 30 min after administration of the concentrate and 0.13 and 0.08 U/ml after 24 and 48 h, respectively. The mean post-transfusional in vivo recovery of protein C was 44% and the half life was 8.3 h. The mean plasma level of 'free' protein S increased from 1.1 to 2.2 U/ml after administration of the concentrate. There was no increase in 'bound' protein S. The in vivo recovery of 'free' protein S was 49% and the half life was about 17 h. Since the start of this replacement therapy using a human protein C and S concentrate, the patient has not developed any thromboembolic complications. These results indicate the therapeutic value of human protein C and S concentrate in the treatment of severe protein C deficiency.

Female↗
PubMed1986

[Methodologic studies of ileal flow measurement using large lumen intestinal cannulae in swine].

A special operation method and intestinal cannulae were developed for the ascertainment of the ileal nutrient digestibility of roughage and root crops. The presented method has proved reliable over a period of 2 years. The possibility of ascertaining the chyme flow directly (by total collection) or indirectly (with an inert marker) is described. The reduction of the expenditure of labour by cutting down the collecting period is suggested for routine studies.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1985

Measurement of the postruminal digestibility of crude protein by the bag technique in cows.

A new method has been developed which permits the crude protein digestibility of feedstuffs in the intestine of cattle to be measured with little effort in terms of samples and experimental work. It consists of welding 0.4 ... 0.8 g of the feedstuff (particle size: 125 ... 1000 micron) into polyamide fabric bags (25 X 40 mm) which are inserted via cannulae into the digestive tracts of fistulated cows from the abomasum/duodenum to the ileum or from the abomasum/duodenum to the faeces. The mean retention time of the bags in the animal was 8.5 +/- 2.7 h from the abomasum to the end of the ileum and (13.3 +/- 1.9 h from the abomasum to the faeces. Up to 15 bags per day and cow may be used. The random error of the method is 1.3% (absolute) when the measurements are performed on two animals using two bags each. Intestinal digestibilities of over 90% were measured for concentrate proteins (except linseed meal) and of 72 ... 95% for forage proteins. Post-ruminal digestion was virtually finished at the end of the small intestine.

Animal Feed↗