Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.
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Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal↗
Biomedical subjects
H Enzan
Publications and source records attributed to H Enzan.
Bezafibrate for tamoxifen-induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.
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Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal↗
CD34 expression as a novel marker of transformed mesangial cells in biopsied glomerular diseases.
CD34 is a marker of haematopoietic progenitor cells, stromal precursors, vascular endothelial cells, and a variety of stromal tumour cells. This immunohistochemical study examined the CD34 expression of glomerular mesangial cells in normal and diseased glomeruli and compared it with the staining patterns of alpha-smooth muscle actin (ASMA), as a transformed mesangial cell marker, and CD31, as an endothelial cell marker. In addition, the CD34 and ASMA expression of mesangial cells in various glomerulonephritis and the relationship of the immunostaining intensity to the severity of IgA nephropathy were semiquantitatively evaluated. In normal glomeruli, all cell types were negative for CD34, but in glomeruli in mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis, CD34 was expressed exclusively in mesangial cells, corresponding to ASMA expression. The dendritic and scattered staining pattern, the mesangial location of positive signals, and the enhanced expression were clearly different from CD31 expression in diseased glomeruli. In comparison with normal controls, the grade of immunostaining for CD34 (CD34 INDEX) in mesangial proliferative glomerular diseases was higher than that of ASMA (ASMA INDEX). With the severity of glomerulonephritis, the CD34 INDEX gradually increased. These studies indicate that CD34 is a useful marker of mesangial transformation and that immunohistochemical examination with the anti-CD34 antibody is useful for the diagnosis and stage determination of glomerular diseases.
Actins↗
Prostatic signet-ring cell carcinoma: case report and literature review.
Signet-ring cell carcinoma (SRCC) of the prostate is a very rare neoplasm and there have been only 38 cases reported to date. Here the 39th case of prostatic SRCC containing a small amount of neutral mucin, prostatic specific antigen (PSA) and prostatic specific acid phosphatase (PSAP) in the signet-ring cells is reported. It was also found that some intracytoplasmic lumina were derived from the shallow or deep invagination of luminal membranes of cancer cells that formed the neoplastic glands. Using immunohistochemistry, a combination of monoclonal antibodies against cytokeratins 7 and 20 as well as PSA and PSAP may be useful in differentiating prostatic primary SRCC from metastatic SRCC originating in the gastrointestinal tract.
Aged↗
An immunohistochemical study on a case of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor-producing gall-bladder carcinoma.
Primary gall-bladder carcinoma producing granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (GCSF) is extremely rare. Only four cases, histologically investigated, have been reported to date in the English literature. We report a case of a 48-year-old female with primary gall-bladder carcinoma, associating with leukocytosis (15 700/mm3) and a high level of serum GCSF (54.0 pg/mL). The tumor was, histologically, a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma with marked interspersed neutrophils invading into the primary tumor itself and the right lobe of the liver. Tumor cells distinctly showed positive immunoreaction in the cytoplasm with anti-GCSF antibody, and in the nucleus for anti-p53 antibody. After surgery, the leukocytosis and serum level of GCSF began to decrease. These findings confirmed the present case of GCSF-producing gall-bladder carcinoma, exhibiting leukocytosis. A total of five cases, including our case, reported as a GCSF-producing gall-bladder carcinoma were clinicopathologically reviewed.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Differential expression of high molecular weight caldesmon in colorectal pericryptal fibroblasts and tumour stroma.
AIM: To investigate an extent of smooth muscle differentiation of pericryptal fibroblasts. METHODS: Expression of high molecular weight caldesmon (h-CD) and alpha smooth muscle actin was investigated in 123 invasive colorectal adenocarcinomas and their surrounding non-neoplastic tissues. RESULTS: The monoclonal antibody to h-CD, which showed predominantly positive immunostaining in well differentiated smooth muscle cells, recognised pericryptal fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, and pericytes, but was not reactive to myofibroblasts. Antibody to alpha smooth muscle actin recognised not only pericryptal fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, and pericytes but also myofibroblasts. CONCLUSIONS: Pericryptal fibroblasts show greater smooth muscle differentiation than myofibroblasts and there is a possibility that they are well differentiated smooth muscle cells; h-CD is an excellent marker to discriminate pericryptal fibroblasts from myofibroblasts.
Actins↗
The specific distribution of dendritic interstitial cells at the tumor border of major salivary gland pleomorphic adenomas.
To investigate the role of stromal cells at the tumor border of major salivary gland pleomorphic adenomas, we performed immunohistochemical analysis for detecting CD34-positive stromal cells (dendritic interstitial cells) and alpha smooth muscle actin (ASMA) -positive stromal cells (myofibroblasts) at the periphery of the tumor. We examined 21 pleomorphic adenomas of major salivary glands. All of the 21 pleomorphic adenomas examined had both dendritic interstitial cells and myofibroblasts at the tumor border. The ratio between the two cell types varied, and they exhibited a bilayered capsular structure; myofibroblasts were located in the inner layer of the tumor capsule, whereas dendritic interstitial cells derived from nearby vascular structures and nerves were located in the outer layer of the capsule. On the basis of the specific distribution of the dendritic interstitial cells in the present study, there is a possibility that dendritic interstitial cells are associated with the tumor growth regulation of major salivary gland pleomorphic adenomas.
Actins↗
Mesangial cell activation in the collagenofibrotic glomerulonephropathy. Case report and review of the literature.
Collagenofibrotic glomerulonephropathy is a new disease entity of unknown pathogenesis, which is characterized by the deposition of type III collagen within the mesangial matrix. We have investigated a case in which many mesangial cells in the type III collagen-deposited glomeruli were alpha-smooth muscle actin (ASMA) positive and showed an increase of subplasmalemmal filaments, indicating the activation and myofibroblastic transformation. It is suggested that the activated mesangial cells may synthesize the type III collagen deposited in the subendothelial space and mesangial matrix.
Actins↗
Characterization of cationic amino acid transporter and its gene expression in rat hepatic stellate cells in relation to nitric oxide production.
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Nitric oxide is a potent mediator of hepatic sinusoidal hemodynamics and affects hepatic stellate cells (Ito cells, fat-storing cells). Although nitric oxide production may depend on the induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase and on transport of extracellular L-arginine, the precise mechanisms controlling nitric oxide production in stellate cells have not been well characterized. METHODS: Using stellate cells prepared from the male Wistar rat, kinetic analysis of L-arginine transport and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction for cationic amino acid transporter were carried out. The effect of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma on L-arginine transport, mRNA expression of cationic amino acid transporter and inducible nitric oxide synthase, and nitric oxide production of stellate cells was assessed. RESULTS: The L-arginine transport system functioning in the transformed hepatic stellate cells was system y+, possibly mediated by cationic amino acid transporter-1 and cationic amino acid transporter-2B (Km approximately 50 microM). Tumor necrosis factor-alpha enhanced cationic amino acid transporter-2B mRNA expression and L-arginine transport, whereas cationic amino acid transporter-1 mRNA expression remained unchanged. Interferon-gamma induced the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase mRNA without obvious changes in L-arginine transport. Interferon-gamma in combination with tumor necrosis factor-alpha induced nitric oxide production with an enhancement in cationic amino acid transporter-2B mRNA expression, inducible nitric oxide synthase mRNA expression, and L-arginine transport, while extracellular L-lysine competitively inhibited this nitric oxide production. CONCLUSIONS: In transformed hepatic stellate cells, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma have a crucial role in nitric oxide production, and extracellular L-arginine transport and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression are regulated in a differential cytokine-specific manner. As the estimated Km of L-arginine transporter in transformed hepatic stellate cells is very similar to the physiological L-arginine concentration in portal vein, we assume that increased portal L-arginine concentration may easily affect sinusoidal blood flow through enhancement of autocrine nitric oxide production in transformed hepatic stellate cells of diseased liver.
Amino Acid Transport Systems, Basic↗
Primary biliary cirrhosis associated with cholangiocarcinoma.
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Aged↗
The role of myofibroblasts at the tumor border of invasive colorectal adenocarcinomas.
BACKGROUND: In order to elucidate the significance of myofibroblasts in invasive growth of colorectal adenocarcinomas, we examined the number of myofibroblasts at the tumor border of colorectal adenocarcinomas. METHOD: A total of 91 invasive colorectal adenocarcinomas were examined immunohistochemically using anti-alpha-smooth muscle actin (ASMA) and high-molecular-weight caldesmon (h-CD) antibodies; 25 carcinomas confined to the submucosa (sm carcinomas), 40 carcinomas confined to the muscularis propria (mp carcinomas) and 26 carcinomas invading the subserosa or adventitia (ss carcinomas). We considered ASMA-positive and h-CD-negative stromal cells as myofibroblasts. RESULTS: Twenty-seven (67%) of the 40 mp carcinomas and 25 (96%) of the 26 ss carcinomas had a small number of myofibroblasts at the tumor border facing the muscularis propria. CONCLUSIONS: Although direct evidence is lacking, there is a possibility that the further immediately vertical and radial invasion of carcinoma cells into the subserosa or adventitia is associated with a smaller number of myofibroblasts at the tumor border facing the muscularis propria in mp carcinomas, resulting in a low incidence of mp and a high incidence of ss carcinomas in the colorectum.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Well differentiated adult-type fibrosarcoma arising from the occipital subcutaneous tissue in a 17-year-old man: case report with immunohistochemical study.
We report a case of a 17-year-old man with a spindle cell tumor in the occipital subcutaneous tissue. The enucleated tumor, measuring 2.5 x 2.0 x 1.0 cm, had a broad-bean shape and well circumscribed border and was localized to the subcutis without dermal involvement. Microscopically, the tumor was composed of uniform spindle cells showing interlacing bundle formation and a herringbone pattern. The neoplastic cells were separated by collagen fibers in parallel fashion, the amount of which varied with different areas in the tumor. Mitotic figures were eight mitoses per 50 high-power fields in number. The neoplastic cells were positive for vimentin, Factor-XIIIa, alpha-smooth muscle actin and CD34, but negative for desmin, calponin, high molecular weight caldesmon, smooth muscle myosin heavy chain, collagen type IV, laminin and S-100 protein. These immunohistochemical results indicated that the neoplastic cells showed differentiation toward fibroblasts/myofibroblasts/dendritic interstitial cells. Although more than 50% of the neoplastic cells were positive for CD34, the present tumor should be diagnosed as well differentiated fibrosarcoma, adult type, rather than extrapleural solitary fibrous tumor and fibrosarcomatous areas of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, on the basis of routine microscopic findings mentioned above.
Adolescent↗
Neuroepithelial and ependymal changes in HTX rats with congenital hydrocephalus: an ultrastructural and immunohistochemical study.
To investigate the pathogenesis of congenital hydrocephalus the brains of HTX rats aged between 16 days and 4 weeks and the brains of normal Wistar rats of the same ages were examined. In the fetal HTX rat brains, the lateral ventricles were symmetrically dilated from 20 days of gestation. The neuroepithelium bordering the ventricles showed thinning with cellular disarrangement and deformity. Similar neuroepithelial abnormalities were also found in the lateral ventricles of the HTX rat brain with no macroscopic signs of hydrocephalus at 20 days of gestation. The neuroepithelium showed flattening of the cells, widening of the intercellular spaces, formation of microvilli on the detached lateral cell surfaces, and frequent macrophage infiltration. On the other hand, the neuroepithelial cells of the third ventricle and the aqueduct were affected less severely or showed no significant abnormalities. Immunohistochemically, most of the neuroepithelium and ependyma of the lateral ventricles were positive for vimentin in both prenatal and postnatal hydrocephalic HTX rats, while a small number or none of those in normal control rats were positive. These morphological changes suggested that preferential involvement of the lateral ventricular neuroepithelium might be closely associated with the pathogenesis of congenital hydrocephalus in HTX rats.
Aging↗
So-called neoplastic myoepithelial cells in chondroid syringomas/mixed tumors of the skin: their subtypes and immunohistochemical analysis.
An immunohistochemical study of nine cases of chondroid syringomas/mixed tumors of the skin was performed to elucidate the nature of the so-called neoplastic myoepithelial cells (NMEC) in tumor tissues. These nine tumors contained NMEC of considerable variability in number from one tumor to another. These NMEC were classified into three types: (i) hyaline cells (plasmacytoid cells); (ii) spindle NMEC; and (iii) polyhedral cells. They showed different immunostaining patterns, as the following describes. Cytokeratin 14 was positive in most of the spindle NMEC and a large number of the polyhedral cells, and in a small number of the hyaline cells. Concerning low molecular weight cytokeratins, most of the hyaline cells showed immunoreactivity, whereas they were negative in many of the spindle NMEC and were expressed only in a small number of the polyhedral cells. alpha-Smooth muscle actin and muscle-specific actin were positive in the spindle NMEC but negative in any of the hyaline cells and polyhedral cells. These findings strongly indicate that the hyaline cells and the spindle NMEC are of the simple epithelial and myoepithelial types, respectively. The findings also suggest that the polyhedral cells show differentiation toward basal cells of the sweat gland dermal ducts or myoepithelial cells.
Adenoma, Pleomorphic↗
Primary changes in liver damage by aspirin in rats.
BACKGROUND: It has been known that acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) causes liver cell damage, however, its mechanisms remain obscure. METHODS AND RESULTS: To clarify the earliest change in the course of liver cell damage induced by oral administration of ASA, rats that had received ASA at 50 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg bodyweight orally for 7 days were investigated. Mitochondria were isolated for measurements of mitochondrial respiration, and for electron microscopic observations, small pieces of liver were excised and fixed. Uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation was observed in mitochondria isolated from ASA-treated rats. Although no histological changes were evident, lamellar structures in bile canaliculi were ultrastructurally observed in all rats treated with ASA. CONCLUSIONS: This laminar structure, which is negative for bilirubin staining, seems to be one of the most sensitive indicators of ASA-induced liver damage.
Administration, Oral↗
Development of hepatic sinusoidal structure with special reference to the Ito cells.
To elucidate sinusoidal cell structure and function under normal conditions and their behavior in diseased settings, an understanding of their developmental aspects is needed. At day 10 of gestation in mice and rats or at 5 weeks of gestation in humans, the hepatic cords grow into the mesenchymal tissue of the septum transversum, and the primitive sinusoidlike structure is simultaneously observed between the liver cell cords. In the margin of the growing liver primordium, mesenchymal cells in the septum transversum are trapped in the subendothelial space. These subendothelial cells are at the early stages of organogenesis and become progenitors of the Ito cells. By days 12-14 of gestation in mice and rats or 8 weeks of gestation in humans, the basic structure of the sinusoids has developed. Embryonic hepatic sinusoids are usually lined by a continuous endothelium without basement membranes, and an incompletely fenestrated sinusoid appears at the middle gestational stage. In the late gestational stages, the Ito cells exhibit myofibroblastlike features in humans, mice, and rats. In association with this event, perisinusoidal reticular networks are gradually intensified. After birth until days 4-5 in mice and rats, the sinusoidal and perisinusoidal structures are almost completely formed, although slight morphological differences from those in adult livers still exist. What happens to sinusoidal endothelial cells and Ito cells in hepatic fibrosis-cirrhosis of the adult may be a deviated or uncontrolled occurrence of what goes on during the fetal period, i.e., a continuous nonfenestrated sinusoidal lining in the early embryonic stage and a myofibroblastlike transformation of Ito cells in late fetal life.
Animals↗
Hepatic stellate cells reversibly express alpha-smooth muscle actin during acute hepatic ischemia.
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Actins↗
Epithelioid sarcoma producing granulocyte colony-stimulating factor.
An epithelioid sarcoma of the perineum of a 60-year-old man with widespread metastases produced leukocytosis, myeloid hyperplasia of the bone marrow, and splenomegaly. High titers of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) were found in the patient's serum and primary culture medium of the tumor tissue. The tumor tissue extract contained m-RNA for G-CSF in large quantities, proving that the tumor was the source of this cytokine.
Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor↗