PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

H Er

Publications and source records attributed to H Er.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Autonomic nervous system function in childhood migraine.

BACKGROUND: Although the pathogenesis of migraine is controversial, autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction has been reported in patients with adult migraine in recent years. The present study was planned to investigate ANS function in childhood migraine. METHODS: The migraine and control groups consisted of 25 migraineur and 30 healthy children, respectively. Orthostatic test, sustained handgrip, Valsalva ratio, 30/15 ratio and heart rate responses to deep breathing were used as non-invasive ANS function tests in both groups. RESULTS: In the orthostatic test, systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressures (DBP) were higher in the upright than the supine position in the migraine group, but were higher in the supine than upright position in the control group. In the sustained handgrip test, the mean difference in SBP was higher in the migraine than the control group (P = 0.0278), but there was no significant difference in DBP between migraine and control groups (P = 0.107). The Valsalva ratio was higher in the migraine than the control group (P = 0.0002), as was the 30/15 ratio (P = 0.0108). Heart rate responses to deep breathing were not different between the migraine and control groups (P = 0.749). CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate ANS dysfunction, with hyperactivity of both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system, in children with migraine.

Autonomic Nervous System↗
PubMed1999

Topically applied water extract of propolis to suppress corneal neovascularization in rabbits.

PURPOSE: Propolis, a natural honey bee hive product, has anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties. We aimed to assess the possible contribution of topically applied propolis to the suppression of corneal neovascularization (CNV). METHODS: The effect of a water extract of propolis (WEP) 1% drops (group 1) in comparison with dexamethasone 0.1% (group 2) and saline (group 3) on CNV was tested in rabbit corneas injured by silver nitrate cauterization. The extent of CNV was quantitated as the area of CNV and the percent area of CNV for each cornea of the three groups (12 right eyes per group) in the first week of the treatment. The mean percent CNV was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The corneas treated with the topical WEP 1% had an almost equal percent CNV as compared with the corneas treated with topical dexamethasone 0.1% and had less percent CNV than the control eyes. The quantitative analysis in groups 1, 2 and 3 revealed that the mean percent CNV was 41.0 +/- 14.1, 39.4 +/- 11.0 and 56.9 +/- 18.4, respectively. The differences between both groups 1 and 3 as well as groups 2 and 3 were statistically significant (p = 0.02 and p = 0.01, respectively), whereas the difference between groups 1 and 2 was not significant (p = 0.86). CONCLUSIONS: The topical application of a WEP 1% has an inhibitory effect on CNV in the rabbit's cornea. The inhibitory effect of propolis was shown to be comparable to that of topical dexamethasone 0.1%, a potent inhibitor of angiogenesis. We suggest that the effect of propolis may partially be due to its inhibitory effect on the activity of both cyclo-oxygenase and lipo-oxygenase.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1998

Is the efficacy of topical corticosteroid therapy for psoriasis vulgaris enhanced by concurrent moclobemide therapy? A double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

BACKGROUND: Psychosocial factors have been implicated in the onset and exacerbation of psoriasis. OBJECTIVE: We conducted a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study to investigate the effect of an antidepressant agent, moclobemide, on the course of psoriasis vulgaris. METHODS: Sixty subjects were enrolled in the study. Patients were randomly assigned to treatment groups. Patients received moclobemide 450 mg/day or placebo and a topical corticosteroid ointment (diflucortolone valerate) for 6 weeks. Patients were examined at the beginning of the study and at 2-week intervals. At each visit, the severity of psoriasis and psychologic status were evaluated with the Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (HAM-A), Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRS-D-17) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory including state (STAI-1) and trait anxiety (STAI-2). RESULTS: Treatment efficacy was able to be evaluated in 22 patients in the moclobemide-treated group and in 20 in the placebo-treated group. The improvement rates in PASI, BDI, STAI-1, and HAM-A scores were significantly higher in the moclobemide treatment group. The level of state anxiety was diminished in the moclobemide group. Correlation was positive between improvement rates of the psoriatic lesions and state anxiety in all patients. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that an antidepressant drug is useful in the treatment of psoriasis.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1998

A randomized, controlled and blinded study of papulopustular lesions in Turkish Behçet's patients.

BACKGROUND: Papulopustular lesions (PPL), the commonest presentation of skin lesions in Behcet's disease (BD) are cutaneous, sterile folliculitis or acne-like lesions on erythematous base. Our purpose was to determine the true frequency and anatomic location of the PPL and compare this with controls. We also sought to determine whether or not there was any relationship between PPL and either disease activity or other manifestations of BD. METHODS: Fifty patients with BD, diagnosed according to the criteria of the International Study Group for Behcet's Disease, were enrolled in the study. The control group consisted of 100 patients with other dermatologic diseases (21 acne and 79 non-acne patients), selected randomly. A dermatologist counted the lesions, in a blind protocol, on seven anatomic locations: scalp, face, neck, trunk, upper and lower extremities and genitalia. RESULTS: The frequency of PPL in patients with BD was 96% and the most common location was the trunk, whereas in the control group the frequency was 89% and the most common location was the face. In acne and non-acne patients, the frequency was 100% and 86.1% respectively. The total mean number, and mean numbers of PPL on the location of trunk, upper and lower extremities, and genitalia were higher in patients with BD than in controls. When the PPL in BD patients with a positive pathergy test was compared with that in patients with a negative pathergy test, the difference was significantly higher. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that PPL appear to be non-specific. In the diagnosis of BD the mean number and anatomic location of the lesions are of more importance than the frequency.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed1998

The levels of plasma interleukin-2 and soluble interleukin-2R in Behçet's disease: a marker of disease activity.

It is well known that patients with Behçet's disease (BD) have an activated immune system, probably mediated by soluble factors in the circulation. The purpose of our study was to examine the roles of plasma interleukin-2 (IL-2) and soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) in the pathogenesis of BD. Thirty-two patients with BD diagnosed according to the Criteria of the International Study Group for Behçet's Disease and 20 age-matched healthy persons were included in the study. The plasma levels of cytokines were measured by ELISA. Plasma levels of IL-2 and sIL-2R were increased in BD over controls, but the differences were not statistically significant. sIL-2R levels in patients with active disease were significantly higher than in either patients with inactive disease (p < 0.001) or the control group (p < 0.05). Our results suggest that the level of sIL-2R in BD seems to be related to disease activity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

The effect of topical parasympathomimetics on corneal epithelial healing in rabbits.

Corneal wound healing is an important process that involves interaction between the different corneal cell layers, growth factors, and environmental conditions. More powerful therapies for the treatment of delayed epithelial wound healing are still being proposed. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of the direct-acting parasympathomimetic agents on the healing process of corneal epithelium in rabbits. The corneal epithelial defects, 10 mm in diameter, were created in 32 eyes of 16 island rabbits by combination of chemical debridement using n-heptanol and mechanical scraping. Animals were randomly divided into four groups. Groups 1, 2 and 3 were treatment groups; each group consisted of four rabbits (8 eyes). The animals in these groups were treated with topical 1% acetylcholine (ACh), 2% pilocarpine, and 0.75% carbachol drops respectively. In group 4, four rabbits (8 eyes) were used as control group and left for spontaneous healing. The length and area of the defect were measured at days 3,6,9,12,15,18 and 22 after wounding. Areas of the photographically documented fluorescein-stained defects were measured by planimetry. All eyes in the treatment groups reepithelialized completely. The duration for reepithelialization in Groups 1 and 2 was 12 days, and 18 days for Group 3. In the control group reepithelialization occurred within 22 days. The healing rates of corneal epithelium were statistically significantly faster in all treatment groups as compared with the control group at all times (p=0.0001 to 0.0279). Although the rates of wound healing varied, all of the parasympathomimetics used in the present study were found to facilitate wound healing. Our results indicate that direct-acting cholinergic agents, especially ACh and pilocarpine, may have an important therapeutic role in the treatment of severe corneal epithelial injury.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1996

Computerized videokeratography and keratometry in determining intraocular lens calculations.

PURPOSE: To compare the accuracy of standard keratometry and computerized videokeratography (CVK) in determining intraocular lens (IOL) power calculations. METHODS: Using the EyeSys Corneal Analysis System, we prospectively obtained CVK maps on 75 eyes of 69 patients scheduled to have phacoemulsification with implantation of a posterior chamber intraocular lens. Using manifest refraction obtained at 6 weeks postoperatively, we optimized the calculations for the Hoffer Q, Holladay, and SRK/T formulas for standard keratometric and the following six CVK values: average curvatures at the 1 mm, 2 mm, and 3 mm zones, the keratometric equivalent at the 3 mm zone, and the Stiles-Crawford weighted averages over the 3 mm and 6 mm zones. The accuracy of these parameters was determined by calculating the mean absolute error and percentage of patients with accuracy within < or = 0.5 diopter (D), < or = 1.0 D, and < or = 2.0 D. RESULTS: Keratometrically derived data were slightly more accurate than the CVK-derived values. The average difference in mean absolute error between the keratometric and CVK values was 0.13 D for the Hoffer Q formula, 0.11 D for the Holladay, and 0.08 D for the SRK/T. CONCLUSIONS: In this population of patients, we found the CVK-derived corneal curvature values to be slightly less accurate than standard keratometry in predicting IOL power. However, CVK provides important corneal curvature data for IOL calculations in patients with abnormal or surgically altered corneal surfaces.

Anthropometry↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Histopathologic comparison of conventional radial keratotomy and minimally invasive radial keratotomy in rabbits.

The aim of the present study was to compare conventional radial keratotomy (RK) with minimally invasive RK (mini-RK) in terms of achieved incisional depth as well as the histopathologic changes in the rabbit corneal structures. Four conventional RK incisions were performed on the right eye and four mini-RK incisions were performed on the left eye of 12 Island rabbits using a centripetal cutting technique. The corneas were excised 20 days after the procedure and examined by light microscopy. Histopathologic examination showed that the mean achieved incisional depth (73.47%) in conventional RK was consistent with the intended incisional depth (80%). However, the mean achieved incisional depth (47.28%) was far from the intended incisional depth (80%) in eyes receiving mini-RK. The difference between achieved incisional depth of the two surgical techniques was statistically significant (t = 10.70, P < 0.05). Corneal structural changes and epithelial plug formations were less in eyes in mini-RK than in conventional RK. These findings suggested that the refractive results in mini-RK may be less effective than conventional RK. On the other hand, in the mini-RK group, less epithelial plug formation and limited histopathologic structural alterations may have an important role in preventing long-term overcorrection and corneal rupture after ocular trauma demonstrated in conventional RK technique.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Quantification of nitric oxide and cytokines in rabbit aqueous humor after neodymium:YAG laser capsulotomy.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the presence of nitric oxide (NO) and cytokines such as interleukin 1 beta, interleukin 2 receptor (IL-2R), interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha on aqueous humor after neodymium:YAG (Nd:YAG) laser posterior capsulotomy. METHODS: Fifteen rabbits (30 eyes) with dense posterior capsule opacities underwent Nd:YAG capsulotomy 4 months after phacoemulsification cataract surgery. After general and topical anesthesia, Nd:YAG capsulotomy was performed using an equal number of shots and power setting on all eyes. Aqueous humor specimens were collected from each eye preoperatively and at 12, 24 and 48 h after the surgery to determine NO and cytokine levels. RESULTS: The levels of NO and cytokines except IL-2R were significantly high as compared to preoperative levels in all eyes at 12 and 24 h postoperatively (p < 0.05). Although the levels of NO and cytokines were higher than preoperative levels at 48 h, the differences were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that NO and cytokines appear to be potential inflammatory mediators in the occurrence of early inflammation following Nd:YAG posterior capsulotomy.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Bilateral myopia following blunt trauma to one eye.

PURPOSE: To evaluate bilateral myopia following blunt trauma to one eye. CASE REPORT: Traumatic myopia is a rare transient situation which may be seen in the injured eye or both eyes after blunt ocular trauma. We examined one case with transient myopia in the left eye which had been exposed to a blunt ocular injury. Myopia was also observed in the right eye 12 hours after the trauma. The right eye and left eye had reverted to emmetropia respectively two and six weeks after trauma. DISCUSSION: The myopia may have been due to ciliary spasm arising from stimulation of the efferent autonomic system in the right eye and ciliary body edema in the left eye. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the first reported case developing bilateral transient myopia after the blunt trauma to only one eye.

Accommodation, Ocular↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Increased corneal thickness in active Behçet's disease.

PURPOSE: To measure central corneal thickness (CCT) in patients with Behçet's disease (BD), particularly in the active disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We measured CCT by ultrasound pachymetry in 64 patients with Behçet's disease and in 20 healthy controls. Forty-one of the patients with BD had ocular involvement and 23 none; 19 of the 41 with ocular involvement were in an active period and 22 had inactive disease. RESULTS: The mean CCT in the group with active ocular involvement was significantly higher (589+/-27 microm) than in the control group (553+/-21 microm) (p = 0.003), the group with inactive ocular involvement (560+/-26 microm) (p < 0.001), and the group with no ocular involvement (558+/-25 microm) (p < 0.001). After appropriate treatment of patients with active ocular involvement, the mean CCT returned nearly to normal (563+/-20 microm) and the difference from controls was not significant. There was no significant difference for the mean CCT between controls and the patients with no ocular involvement or with inactive ocular involvement. CONCLUSIONS: Behçet's patients with active ocular involvement have a thicker CCT than patients with inactive ocular involvement. There was no difference in CCT between controls and patients with no ocular involvement. The CCT of patients with active ocular involvement returned to nearly normal after treatment. CCT must be taken into account when developing a managing and following approach for Behcet's patients with active ocular involvement.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Decreased nitric oxide production in primary open-angle glaucoma.

PURPOSE: Raised intraocular pressure (IOP) is the major risk factor responsible for optic nerve damage in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). The trabecularmeshwork acts as a valve in aqueous outflow and relaxes with nitric oxide (NO) agonists. Since NO is synthesized by endothelium and smooth muscle elsewhere in the body, this study investigated the NO levels in the aqueous humor of patients with POAG compared with cataract patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Aqueous humor samples were taken by paracentesis from 16 consecutive patients with POAG (9 male and 7 female; mean age 69.0+/-3.4 yrs) and 14 age and sex-matched controls with cataract (8 male and 6 female; mean age 66.7+/-4.1 yrs) during elective surgery. As an indicator for NO, aqueous total nitrite levels (end - product of NO) were measured by Greiss reaction. The Mann-Whitney U test was used for statistical analysis and P <0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: The mean age and sex in two groups were comparable. The mean aqueous humor NO levels were significantly (P = 0.001) lower in patients with glaucoma (72.72+/-11.21 micromol/L) than in patients with cataract and no glaucoma (86.92+/-11.23 micromol/L). CONCLUSIONS: Decreased NO production in patients with POAG indicates that NO-producing cells may be lost as the disease progresses. The control of NO levels in the eye might be a therapeutic target in glaucoma.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of the effects of argon and neodymium:YAG laser iridotomy on cytokines in the rabbit aqueous humor.

PURPOSE: We compared the effects in rabbits of iridotomy using the argon or Nd:YAG laser on cytokines such as interleukin 1-beta (IL-1beta), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 8 (IL-8), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). METHODS: Twenty pigmented rabbits (20 eyes) underwent argon and Nd:YAG iridotomy under general and topical anesthesia. Group 1 (10 right eyes) was treated with the argon laser and group 2 (10 right eyes) with the Nd:YAG laser, using an equal number of shots and the same laser parameters for each group. Left eyes in both groups were evaluated as controls. Aqueous humor specimens were collected from each eye preoperatively and 1 and 3 days postoperatively. RESULTS: Aqueous IL-6 and TNF-alpha levels rose more on day 1 in the Nd:YAG group than the argon group. IL-6 and TNF-alpha levels were significantly higher on days 1 and 3 than the pre-operative and control levels (p<0.05). TNF-alpha levels on day 1 were significantly lower in the Nd:YAG than the argon group. There were no significant differences between the two laser groups for IL-6 on days 1 and 3. IL-1beta and IL-8 did not change CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that cytokines, particularly IL-6 and TNF-alpha, may be inflammatory mediators in the early inflammation following argon and Nd:YAG laser iridotomies. These results also indicate that cytokines contribute to the acute effects of Nd:YAG and argon laser applications on inflammation.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of L-NAME and timolol on aqueous IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-alpha and NO levels after Nd:YAG laser iridotomy in rabbits.

PURPOSE: Pro-inflammatory cytokines are produced by tissues and play a vital role in the host inflammatory response and uveitis. Nitric oxide (NO) can be produced in large amounts as a response to experimentally-induced uveitis or cytokines. In this study, we measured the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and free-radical in aqueous humor after Nd:YAG laser iridotomy in rabbits, and investigated whether timolol maleate an anti-glaucoma drug, or a NO synthase inhibitor, NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl esther (L-NAME) had an inhibitory effect on these molecules, since L-NAME is a known anti-inflammatory agent in rabbits. METHODS: Bilateral experimental Nd:YAG laser iridotomy (power 7.5 mJ, mode single burst, aiming beam 4) was performed on 18 rabbits under general plus topical anesthesia. Aqueous humor samples were taken by clear corneal paracentesis preoperatively, and 1 and 24 h postoperatively. Six rabbits (12 eyes) were given bilateral topical timolol maleate 0.5% (Timoptic) drop b.i.d. (group 1), six rabbits (12 eyes) received bilateral 0.1 ml subconjuntival injections of L-NAME (150 mg/kg) (group 2), and six rabbits (12 eyes) were treated with topical balanced salt solution (BSS) b.i.d. (control). RESULTS. Preoperative cytokine and NO levels were comparable in the three groups, with no significant differences. In addition, there was no significant difference in baseline cytokine levels between the right and left eyes. In all groups, pre- and postoperative mean IL-1beta levels were below the detection limit of the assay (<5.0 pg/ml). In the control group, postoperative mean IL-6, IL-8 and NO levels were significantly higher after Nd:YAG laser iridotomy than before (for each, p < 0.01). Timolol and L-NAME both inhibited the rise in IL-8 and TNF-alpha levels. Timolol also inhibited the rise in IL-6 but not NO. L-NAME had an inhibitory effect against NO, but not IL-6. CONCLUSIONS: L-NAME has an inhibitory effect on IL-8, TNF-alpha and NO, but not on IL-6. Timolol had inhibitory effects on IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-alpha, but not on NO. These preliminary experimental results might help in assssing the effect of Nd:YAG laser iridotomy in aqueous humor, and to understand the inhibitory effects of timolol and L-NAME against these molecules.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of nitric oxide synthase inhibition in experimental Pseudomonas keratitis in rabbits.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor L-NG-nitro-arginine-methyleser (L-NAME) in the treatment of experimental Pseudomonas keratitis. METHODS: Twelve young New Zealand white rabbits were given intrastromal injections of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. Twenty-four hours later, the rabbits were randomly divided into four groups: group 1 was treated with topical 0.3% ciprofloxacin drops and a single subconjunctival injection of L-NAME (150 mg/kg); group 2 received topical 0.3% ciprofloxacin drops alone; group 3 received a single subconjunctival injection of L-NAME alone; group 4, the control group, was treated with topical balanced salt solution (BSS) drops. One drop of either ciprofloxacin of BSS was applied at each treatment interval. Twenty-six hours after the start of treatment, the eyes were examined by slit lamp to assess inflammation. Aqueous humor specimens were collected from each eye to measure the nitric oxide concentration. Corneas were removed to count bacteria results. RESULTS: Slit lamp examination cell scores were significantly lower for groups 1 and 3 than groups 2 and 4 eyes (p = 0.002 to p = 0.004). No viable bacteria were detected in the corneas of groups 1 and 2. Group 3 corneas had significantly fewer bacteria (6.33 +/- 0.42 x 10(3)) than group 4 (5.94 +/- 0.16 x 10(4)) (p < 0.05). Nitric oxide levels in the aqueous humor were significantly lower for group 1 eyes than for groups 2, 3, or 4 (p = 0.02, p = 0.01, and p = 0.003, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that nitric oxide synthase inhibitors may be a useful adjunct but are not a replacement for traditional antibiotic drop therapy.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of transforming growth factor-beta 2, interleukin 6 and fibronectin on corneal epithelial wound healing.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of topically applied transforming growth factor-beta 2 (TGF-beta 2) and interleukin 6 (IL-6), alone and combined with fibronectin, on the rate of corneal wound healing in rabbits. METHODS: Twenty-eight rabbits were used for the experiment. After the right eye of each rabbit was debrided with n-heptyl alcohol, the animals were divided into four treatment groups (six rabbits per group) and one control group (four rabbits). The debrided eyes were treated, beginning immediately after wounding and continuing every 2 hours from 8 a.m. to 8 p.m. for 48 hours. Group 1 received TGF-beta 2; group 2 IL-6; group 3, TFR-beta 2 and purified fibronectin; group 4, IL-6 and fibronectin; control group, balanced salt solution. At set intervals each eye was stained with fluorescein and photographed; epithelial defects were measured with a computer-assisted digitizer. The healing rate was calculated by linear regression analysis. RESULTS: The mean healing rates in groups 1, 2, 3, 4, and controls were respectively 1.65 +/- 0.16, 1.68 +/- 0.11, 1.99 +/- 0.12, 2.23 +/- 0.09, and 0.93 +/- 0.18 mm2/h. Mean epithelial healing rates for all drug-treatment groups were significantly faster than controls. The healing rates of groups 3 and 4 were significantly faster than groups 1 and 2. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that cytokines, in combination with extracellular matrix proteins, facilitate corneal epithelial wound healing in vivo, possibly by making corneal epithelial cells more sensitive to fibronectin receptors.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Laser in situ keratomileusis to correct hyperopia from +4.25 to +8.00 diopters.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and predictability of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) for hyperopia in a prospective study of 54 eyes of 29 patients. METHODS: Before LASIK, 44 eyes (81.48%) had a spectacle-corrected visual acuity of 20/20 or better, and 54 eyes (100%) had 20/40 or better. Surgery was performed under topical anesthesia using the Keracor 116 excimer laser and Chiron automated corneal shaper. Mean follow-up was 19 months. RESULTS: Mean baseline uncorrected hyperopia was +6.50 +/- 1.33 D (range, +4.25 to +8.00 D). Mean uncorrected manifest spherical equivalent refraction was +0.44 +/- 1.95 D at 18 months after LASIK. Twenty-one eyes (38.8%) were within +/-0.50 D of emmetropia, 41 eyes (75.92%) were within +/-1.00 D, and 47 eyes (87.03%) were within +/-2.00 at 18 months after LASIK. Uncorrected visual acuity was 20/20 or better in eight eyes (14.81%) and 20/40 or better in 36 eyes (66.66%) 18 months after LASIK. Regression and undercorrection of more than 2.00 D occurred in seven eyes (12.9%) between the 3 and 6 month examinations; three of these seven eyes (42.8%) required retreatment to correct residual hyperopia. Three eyes (6.8%) lost two or more lines of spectacle-corrected visual acuity. CONCLUSION: Excimer laser keratomileusis in situ with the Keracor 116 appears to be an effective and safe procedure to decrease low and moderate hyperopia, but the predictability of the procedure needs improvement.

Adult↗