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Biomedical subjects

H Escobar

Publications and source records attributed to H Escobar.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Carbapenem resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa from cystic fibrosis patients.

The evolution of imipenem resistance was evaluated in Pseudomonas aeruginosa sequentially isolated from 42 patients with cystic fibrosis. Susceptibility was determined using a commercial microdilution system and imipenem resistance was confirmed by the agar dilution technique. Resistance to imipenem increased during the years from 1988 to 1992. A total of 12 patients (28.5%) carried resistant strains (11.6% of the total P. aeruginosa isolates) but only two of them were treated with the carbapenem. The other patient under imipenem treatment did not harbour resistant isolates. Sixty-four per cent of the imipenem resistant isolates were also meropenem resistant and showed low susceptibility to the other beta-lactams and tobramycin and amikacin. Twenty-one strains were selected for biochemical study. Imipenem susceptible strains showed normal OprD in two strains and diminished OprD in two more. Five strains with MIC of imipenem of 4-8 mg/L lacked OprD while another two had a band with decreased density. All strains with MIC higher than 8 completely lacked this band in western-blot analysis. Imipenem MICs of 0.5-2 mg/L only slightly increased to 1-4 mg/L when a pattern of beta-lactamase derepression was observed. While those with imipenem MICs between 8-16 mg/L increased the imipenem MIC to 16-64 mg/L in the population with a beta-lactamase derepression phenotype.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

[Microbiological parameters of clinical interest in pulmonary infection in cystic fibrosis].

BACKGROUND: A 5-year study in patients with cystic fibrosis was carried out in order to gain a better understanding of the microbiological factors influencing clinical status and evolution. METHODS: Fifty-two patients were evaluated (mean age 16.6 years, range 0-36) during a 5 years-period (July 1988- July 1992). The clinical score of Shwachman and pulmonary function were evaluated at the beginning and at the end of the study period. Quantitative bacterial cultures were performed every 3 weeks recording the different colonical morphotypes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. RESULTS: Beside the expected results regarding the prevalence of P. aeruginosa (80.7%) and Staphylococcus aureus (65.5%), a low rate of chronic infection with Burkholderia cepacia (1.9%) and high with S. maltophilia (9.6%) was found and it is worth noting the presence of Salmonella spp. in 3 patients. Microbial colonization followed the classical age-related sequence with 53.8% of patients older than 10 colonized with mucoid strains of P. aeruginosa. Colonization with mucoid Pseudomonas, increase in sputum bacterial counts and high diversity in colonizing morphotypes were parameters related with reduced clinical scores. CONCLUSIONS: The sequential study of the bacterial colonization in cystic fibrosis is important to follow the prognosis and evolution of the disease, and therefore, to choose the most effective therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Intestinal permeability to 51Cr-EDTA and orocecal transit time in cystic fibrosis.

Intestinal permeability was investigated in 16 children with cystic fibrosis and 14 age-matched controls, making use of 51Cr-EDTA as probe molecule. Orocecal transit time was also evaluated using the lactulose/hydrogen breath test. There was an increase in permeability to 51Cr-EDTA in patients with cystic fibrosis (mean 13.62%) compared with the control group (mean 1.08%). The orocecal transit time was prolonged in patients with cystic fibrosis compared with controls. Mean fasting breath hydrogen concentration was significantly greater in cystic fibrosis patients (13 ppm) compared with control patients (3 ppm). There was no correlation between the percentage of 51Cr-EDTA excreted and the orocecal transit time in either control or cystic fibrosis patients.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1987

[Myocardial fibrosis in 2 children with cystic fibrosis].

We describe the cases of two patients of 9 and 15 months of age who presented episodes of congestive heart failure at the age of 9 and 10 months respectively and who were diagnosed of cystic fibrosis. Death occurred during the first year after diagnosis due to heart failure. Necroscopic study showed pancreatic affectation and heart lesions consisting in areas of myocardial fibrosis and necrosis. We discuss the different hypotheses relating pancreatic affectation to myocardial fibrosis.

Cardiomyopathies↗
PubMed1980

[Copper and zinc levels in nails of children with cystic fibrosis, carriers and healthy controls (author's transl)].

Authors study copper and zinc levels and the ratio zinc/copper, by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, in nails of children with cystic fibrosis, suspected carriers, relatives of patients, and healthy controls, the latest forming two different groups. A significant increase of copper and zinc levels in nails of cystic fibrosis patients compared to the controls is found. However, there were no significant differences with regard to the carriers. It is concluded that, in spite of significant findings, this method should not be used routinely because of the large fluctuations produced by the weight of nails, the sensitivity of the resonance line and the variations in these elements concentration on nails surface.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

[Plasmatic levels of gastrin in children under seven years (author's transl)].

Gastrinemia was determined in 100 healthy children whose ages ranged from three months to seven years, who were separated in three groups: from three months to two years, from two to four years, determining the gastrin by radioinmunoassay twice in each case. As no significant difference was found among the three groups, total results were grouped together to confect a graph ranging from the 5th to the 95th percentile. Average percentage of gastrinemia was determined at 76.81 pcg./ml. (50 percentile), with extreme values between 48.31 pcg./ml. (5th percentile) and 105.31 pcg./ml. (95th percentile).

Age Factors↗
PubMed1977

[Menke's disease. A case report (author's transl)].

A seven month old male with Menkes' disease ("Kinky hair") is presented. Low ranges of copper and caeruloplasmin were found. The angiogram of all intracranial arteries revealed torturous form. Biopsy of an extracranial artery (branch of the temporal artery) was normal. Authors review previously reported cases and possible causes that can contribute to hypomyelination of central nervous system.

Biopsy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Persistence and variability of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in cystic fibrosis patients, Madrid, 1991-1998.

During 1991 to 1998 at least one Stenotrophomonas maltophilia pulmonary infection was observed in 25 (24%) of 104 cystic fibrosis patients at the same unit of our hospital in Spain. Ribotyping and pulse-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) characterization of 76 S. maltophilia isolates from these patients indicated an overall clonal incidence of 47.1%, reflecting new strains in 44% of patients with repeated positive cultures for S. maltophilia. Six patients with repeated episodes were persistently colonized (> or = 6 months) with the same strain. S. maltophilia bacterial counts were higher (geometric mean, 2.9 x 10(8) cfu/mL) in patients with repeated episodes than in those with a single episode (8.4 x 10(4) cfu/mL, p < 0.01). Single episodes of S. maltophilia occurred in patients < 10 years of age (43% [6/14]), whereas chronic colonization occurred more frequently in older patients (> 16 years of age).

Adolescent↗