Its objectivity and reproducibility having been checked by for independent researchers, the Chrispin-Norman score has proved to be a useful yardstick for evaluating pulmonary changes in cystic fibrosis. The correlation to arterial pO2 was r = 0.68, and to the Schwachman-Kulczycki score, r = 0.75. Scores still consistent with a good general clinical condition were 10.5 in patients under 8 years of age; 13.4 in patients aged between 8 and 13; and 15.5 in the 13-20 age group. An average increase of more than 2 points a year indicates a particularly high danger level.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Investigations for vesicoureteric reflux in children: ultrasound vs. radionuclide voiding cystography.

In this study, 53 children suffering from recurrent urinary tract infections were investigated both by ultrasound and direct radionuclide voiding cystography (RNVC). The findings were: Most high-grade vesicopelvic refluxes were detected by both methods consistently. Discrepant results of high-grade vesicopelvic refluxes were seen in 6 kidneys from 4 children. Main advantages of RNVC are the quick results and the ease of interpretation of these results. In RNVC the whole urinary tract can be observed during the filling phase as well as during the voiding and postvoiding phase. In sonography, the different parts of the urinary tract must be explored one after another during the filling, voiding, and postvoiding phase. The investigation by sonography is time consuming and a strongly investigator-dependent procedure.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[The value of adjuvant ampicillin therapy in idiopathic premature labor].

Evidence suggests that subclinical intrauterine infection may play an etiologic role in preterm labour. To test the hypothesis, that treatment with antibiotics might delay delivery, we retrospectively have investigated 104 women in idiopathic preterm labour who were given ampicillin additional to tocolysis and 90 comparable women without antibiotic treatment. There were no significant differences between the two groups in regard to prolongation of gestation, gestational age at delivery, fetal weight, fetal well-being or connatal infections. Adjuvant ampicillin treatment of women in idiopathic premature labour without other signs or indicators of subclinical intrauterine infection seems not beneficial.

Ampicillin↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Parametrial hematoma after forceps delivery].

We report on a large intraligamentous haematoma developed after low forceps delivery. The diagnosis was made from symptoms and signs, rectal examination, and sonographic findings. The haematoma was incised and clots were evacuated by laparotomy. The bleeding vessel could be ligated. The 31-year-old woman left our hospital on the 12th postoperative day.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Transvaginal Doppler ultrasonographic patterns of total uterine perfusion in the development of utero-placental insufficiency with pre-eclampsia].

In the case reported pathological flow velocity was detected by means of transvaginal Doppler imaging from the 7th week onwards. In correlation with pathological flow patterns placental insufficiency with pre-eclampsia developed later in the pregnancy. In the 29th week caesarean section became necessary because of a severe hypertensive crisis and pathological CTG's.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Ultrasound Doppler sonography in obstetrics. A comparison between simple Doppler methods (continuous or pulsed Doppler) and the duplex system (combination of B-image and pulse Doppler)].

120 pregnant women between the 26th and 42nd week of gestation have been examined using simple Doppler-units with pulsed- or continuous-wave technique and duplex Doppler-units (combined B-mode and pulsed-wave Doppler). The umbilical and uterine arteries were measured with both units in a semi-recumbent position at the same time by the same examiner. Only ideal flow profiles were taken to calculate the S/D-ratio. Our results were correlated to the fetal outcome, to all cases of pre-eclampsia and to all cases of intra-uterine growth retardation. Except in one of these cases we got the majority of pathological results using simple Doppler-units. Only in pre-eclampsia the duplex Doppler-units had the majority of pathological results. Even in normal fetal outcome the majority of simple Doppler-unit results are pathological. This finding is due to the impossibility to localize the vessel exactly using simple Doppler-units. Sensitivity is higher in simple Doppler-techniques (74.3% to 52.9%), specificity is higher in duplex Doppler-technique (77.9% to 52.6%).

Female↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Cerebral blood flow during labor].

The successful results obtained using Doppler sonography for antepartal diagnosis gave cause to use the method during labor. For this purpose doppler measurements of the intern fetal carotid artery of a group of 7 patients with normal course of pregnancy were made and a continuous direct CTG was recorded simultaneously. The Doppler parameter, the S/D-ratio, for the contraction phases were compared with those of the contraction--free phases. During the contraction phase the S/D-ratio was higher than during the relaxation period of the uterus. The difference between these values were proved to be statistically significant. A comparison of the doppler parameter of the patients at onset of labor and the patients at the end of labor showed, that the S/D-ratio increased significantly at the end of labor. This result demonstrates, that the intravascular resistance in the fetal carotid artery increased due to the cephalic pressure.

Blood Flow Velocity↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Doppler studies of arterial uterofetoplacental blood flow before and during labor].

The encouraging results obtained using pulsed Doppler sonography for antepartal diagnosis gave cause to use the method during labor. For this purpose a group with normal course of pregnancy was examined by Doppler sonography. This group was compared with a similar group examined by the same method at onset of labor with the cervix beginning to dilate, or with premature rupture. A comparison of the usual Doppler parameters, uterine arteries, umbilical artery and fetal aorta, recorded in contraction-free phases, showed no differences between the two groups. A third group was examined by Doppler sonography during labor with average or late cervix dilatation. In this case the Doppler parameters for the contraction phases were compared with those for the contraction-free phases. With adequate utero-placental supply during labor, the changes in the Doppler parameters for the uterine arteries due to contraction indicate a reduction in blood flow. The blood flow in the umbilical artery remains unaffected during normal labor. In the fetal aorta the blood flow velocity drops significantly due to contractions, while the peripheral resistance is unchanged. The elimination of the end-diastolic shift in frequency in the fetal aorta during labor indicates a fetal supply deficiency, as shown by Doppler measurements during birth in cases with pathologic cardiotokograms.

Aorta↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[The renal artery and uterine circulation in normal and toxemic pregnancies].

The renal and uterine arteries of 52 patients with normal course of pregnancy and 12 patients with EPH gestosis were examined by Doppler sonography between the 35th and 38th weeks of gestation post menstruationem. Doppler curves of renal arteries were recorded in a further 31 nonpregnant subjects. A significant difference in arterial vessel resistance was found between patients with normal course of pregnancy and those with EPH gestosis. There was also a significant difference in the circulation parameters in the renal vessels between patients with normal courses of pregnancy and the nonpregnant controls. However, there were no differences in this vessel segment between the patients with EPH gestosis and the nonpregnant controls. Among patients with EPH gestosis the renal increase in resistance was relatively more pronounced than the uterine increase. In addition to the calculated flow parameters there were also marked differences in the Doppler curves of these two groups. There is evidently a considerable increase in renal circulation in normal pregnancies. This is in agreement with findings described in the literature, obtained by invasive methods. On the other hand, a clear limitation of renal and uterine resistance was seen in the patients with EPH gestosis. This ties in with the well-known morphologic changes in the kidneys in cases of EPH gestosis. A larger patient sample will have to be studied to determine whether the renal vascular changes described here may represent an early sign of EPH gestosis. If this is confirmed it would make sense to include Doppler sonography of the renal vessels in routine diagnostic procedure.

Adult↗