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H Frey

Publications and source records attributed to H Frey.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

The decrease of CD8-positive lymphocytes in Alzheimer's disease.

The aim of this study was to analyze the possible association of the changes in systemic immunity in the neurodegenerative diseases and in brain atrophy per se. Therefore we enumerated the numbers and proportions of the CD3-, CD4- and CD8-positive cells and B-lymphocytes in peripheral blood of 136 patients with various neurodegenerative disorders of the brain and 58 healthy age-matched controls. The selective decrease of the CD8-positive lymphocytes was demonstrated in the patients with Alzheimer's disease. In contrast, in the patients with brain atrophy of unknown origin and in the patients with vascular dementia the number of the CD8-positive cells tended to increase. The results suggest that brain degenerative changes are associated with changes in the systemic immunity and the changes are linked with the underlying disorder more than brain degeneration per se.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Nervous system disease, immunological features, and HLA phenotype in Sjögren's syndrome.

Twenty seven patients with primary or possible Sjögren's syndrome with neurological manifestations were compared immunologically with 21 patients with Sjögren's syndrome with an intact nervous system. Patients with Sjögren's syndrome were divided into seropositive and seronegative subgroups with respect to the occurrence of one or more autoantibodies (antinuclear antibodies, rheumatoid factor, antibodies to SS-B) in their serum samples. This study of 48 patients indicates that the spectrum of nervous system disease in seronegative and seropositive subgroups is almost indistinguishable. No significant differences were found in the occurrence of circulating immune complexes, the levels of serum complement C3 and C4, or serum IgA, IgM, and beta 2 microglobulin with respect to the neurological manifestations. The serum IgG level, however, was significantly higher in the patients with Sjögren's syndrome with intact nervous systems than in those with neurological manifestations. No significant association was found between the HLA phenotype and nervous system disease. The occurrence of HLA-B8 and DR3 antigens was, however, significantly higher in those patients with antibodies to SS-B than in those without. This finding supports the suggestion that HLA-B8/DR3 may modulate autoantibody responses rather than disease expression in Sjögren's syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Brain atrophy on computerized axial tomography scans: interaction of age, diabetes and general morbidity.

We evaluated, retrospectively, the occurrence of brain atrophy in all patients (n = 416) with a brain CT scan performed during a 3-month period in 1989 at the Tampere University Central Hospital. Age, diabetes, hypertension, chronic cerebrovascular disorders and an increasing number of medications were associated with brain atrophy in the log-linear models. We suggest that the effect of various systemic medical disorders on the brain requires consideration when evaluating and assessing physiological ageing of the brain.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Functional electric stimulation of the phrenic nerve and its clinical significance].

The peripheral parts of the phrenic nerve are healthy in some of the patients who require permanent or intermittent care in a respirator owing to reduced respiratory function of central aetiology. In such cases, continual care in a mechanical respirator can be avoided, and diaphragm function maintained by means of functional electrical stimulation (FES) of the phrenic nerve with carefully controlled electrical impulses. The method is suitable for use in certain cases of quadriplegia, or in patients with sleep apnoea. Experience with the method has shown that health care costs can be reduced and the patients' quality of life improved. In some cases, the patient may even regain partial work capacity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

CSF proteins in neurological disorders analyzed by immobilized PH gradient isoelectric focusing using narrow PH gradients.

We analyzed 352 paired CSF and serum samples with isoelectric focusing and immobilized pH gradients (IPG-IEF) using three different gradients. All MS patients (n = 35) had several (from 5 to 30) oligoclonal bands (OBs) in the CSF and most of them had few (from 1-8) OBs in serum. 54.5% patients with CNS infections (n = 12) had oligoclocal bands. OBs in these patients were fewer in number and located at the more acidic pH region compared with the MS samples. Also, corresponding serum bands were more often recognized. We suggest that IPG-IEF improves the diagnostic evaluation of the oligoclonal band pattern. The possibility of the use of extremely narrow gradients makes it a valuable tool for the analysis of selective proteins in various disorders.

Alzheimer Disease↗
PubMed1991

In vivo and in vitro inhibition by ketoconazole of ACTH secretion from a human thymic carcinoid tumour.

We treated a patient with an ectopic ACTH-producing thymic carcinoid tumour with ketoconazole. The treatment decreased blood levels of ACTH and cortisol and relieved the patient's symptoms. Tumour explants secreted ACTH to the culture medium for at least 11 days. The tumour cells responded to high extracellular K+ concentration with increased ACTH secretion, whereas the hypothalamic ACTH-releasing hormone (CRH) and cortisol had no effect on ACTH secretion. Addition of ketoconazole to the culture medium decreased ACTH secretion showing that ketoconazole had a direct effect on the tumour cells.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1990

[Gonad function in men with alcoholic liver disease].

The connection between alcoholic liver disease and hypogonadism has long been recognized. In this study of 112 males admitted to a medical department, altogether 87 had alcoholic liver disease. Serum testosterone was depressed (less than 12 nmol/l) in 47 out of 51 (92%) patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis and in 13 out of 36 (36%) with alcoholic fatty liver (p less than 0.001). Primary hypogonadism was found in 8% of the patients with alcoholic fatty liver and in 16% of the patients with alcoholic cirrhosis and secondary hypogonadism in 28% of the patients with fatty liver and in 76% of those with alcoholic cirrhosis. Serum sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) was increased (greater than 40 nmol/l) in 65% of the patients with fatty liver and in 67% of the patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. Serum testosterone was significantly correlated to liver function tests Normotest (NT), bilirubin and albumin. In conclusion, hypogonadism is very common in men with alcoholic liver disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Carcinoma of the adrenal cortex].

We present nine cases of primary adrenocortical carcinoma, collected in our department of medicine and endocrinology over 25 years. In our patients, the most dependable tumor marker was urinary excretion of tetra-hydro-ll-deoxycortisol (THS), and elevated values were found in all cases where it was determined. In addition to surgical treatment, medication with o,p'-DDD was found to be of value for some of the patients. Median tumor weight was 487 g (118-2,085 g). Prognosis is difficult to predict. Median survival time after diagnosis was 34 months, but varied from three to 266 months.

17-Ketosteroids↗
PubMed1990

Horizontal two-dimensional electrophoresis of cerebrospinal fluid proteins with immobilized pH gradients in the first dimension.

A horizontal two-dimensional electrophoresis method with immobilized pH gradient isoelectric focusing supplemented with carrier ampholytes in the first dimension was applied to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteins. About 300 protein spots could be detected on the silver-stained two-dimensional maps of CSF samples. This high-resolution method is a tool worthy of consideration for the research of CSF proteins and disease-specific changes in different neurological disorders.

Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteins↗
PubMed1990

Selenium concentrations in the human thyroid gland.

Recently, we found that prediagnostic serum selenium concentration was significantly lower for cases developing thyroid cancer (n = 43) than for controls. We assumed that redistribution of serum selenium into the affected tissue took place in the prediagnostic period. The present study was carried out to determine the physiological concentration of selenium in the thyroid, since very few data are available in the literature. The concentrations of selenium in the thyroid (n = 45) and liver samples from Norwegians who had died because of acute illness or accidents were determined by hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry. The mean selenium concentration was found to be 0.72 +/- 0.44 microgram/g in the thyroid and 0.45 +/- 0.11 microgram/g in the liver tissue. The surprisingly high concentration of selenium in apparently normal thyroids indicates that selenium has important functions in this organ. The remarkably broad range, together with the observation that no significant correlation exists between thyroid and liver concentrations, suggest that factors other than the selenium status are important determinants for the selenium concentration in the thyroid gland. This observation is consistent with our hypothesis that in carcinogenesis, prediagnostic processes influence the serum-/thyroid-ratio of selenium.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Glycolipid storage material in Fabry's disease: a study by electron microscopy, freeze-fracture, and digital image analysis.

The glycolipid storage material in Fabry's disease was studied by electron microscopy of thin-sectioned (TS) and freeze-fractured (FF) specimens. In the kidney all deposits were found to be located in lysosomes, arranged as lamellar stacks. Deposits in the heart consisted of intracytoplasmic concentric whirls or folded lamellar structures. High resolution TS micrographs disclosed various defects in the lamellar structure. For stabilization, such defects require additional amphiphilic, surface-active molecules. These molecules could interact with other cellular constituents. The lamellar periodicity of the deposits in FF specimens was determined by reconstruction of the three-dimensional fracture face by digital image analysis. Homogeneous multilamellar deposits exhibited a periodicity of 14-15 nm, contrasting with the conventional estimates of 4-5 nm on TS micrographs. This difference is explained by better preservation of the physiologic hydrated state in FF specimens, with 1 vol of lipids binding 2 vol of water. Inhomogeneous structures with an even higher state of hydration included water lenses between the sheets. The strong hydration obviously contributes to the enlargement of the intracellular glycolipid deposits.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Non-random spatial distribution of intermembraneous particles in red blood cell membrane.

A combined analysis using digital image processing and quantitative evaluation of computed radial distribution of freeze fracture P face particles irradiated and nonirradiated has been carried out. Important quantitative features of the arrangement of particles can be described by computing a statistical measure, the radial distribution function g(r), commonly used to study the structure of liquids. The coordinates for calculating g(r) for each sample were measured automatically by a digital image processing system. The results for the radial distribution function were found to closely resemble g(r) for fluids, indicating the presence of shortrange order. This measure distinguishes three different patterns: i) random distribution, ii) dilute gas like and iii) a liquid like model. The mean number of first nearest neighbours surrounding each particle (coordination number) was found to be of the order of three. The RBC intramembraneous particles are heterogeneous in their behavioural pattern: two thirds random; one fifth, dilute gas; and one tenth, liquid.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Nervous system manifestations in Sjögren's syndrome.

Central and peripheral manifestations of the nervous system were evaluated in 48 Sjögren's syndrome patients. Fifty-six percent of the patients had neurological disturbances. The most common manifestations were entrapment neuropathies (19%) and polyneuropathy (15%). Electrophysiological tests gave further evidence of subclinical nervous system involvement in Sjögren's syndrome: electroencephalography (EEG) was abnormal in 48%, and visual evoked potentials (VEP) in 12% of patients tested. To find possible neuropsychiatric abnormalities, the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory was applied, and 33/43 patients were found to have psychiatric symptoms. The most frequent were depressive symptoms. In 44% of the patients there was additional evidence of extraglandular involvement or autoimmune disorders. No correlation could be found between the groups of patients with or without neurological disturbances in relation to simultaneous occurrence of associated disorders. It is suggested that nervous system involvement in Sjögren's syndrome reflects the pathogenetic consequences of Sjögren's syndrome alone, and not those of associated autoimmune diseases of extraglandular disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Investigation of Cushing's syndrome. The diagnostic value of the dexamethasone suppression test, the metopirone test and the CRF test].

We describe thirty-one patients with Cushing's syndrome, with the object of evaluating the relative merit of the Dexamethasone suppression test, Metyrapone test and Corticotrophin Releasing Factor (CRF) test in classifying the syndrome. Bilateral adrenocortical hyperplasia (Cushing's disease) was present in sixteen patients. Three had bilateral macrodular hyperplasia of the adrenal cortex, six had adrenocortical adenoma, four had adrenocortical carcinoma, and two patients presented ectopic ACTH-syndrome. The diagnosis was surgically verified in every case. The Metyrapone test was found to give the safest classification in patients with Cushing's syndrome. The Dexamethasone test will diagnose Mb. Cushing reliably when suppression of serum cortisol is present following the large dose of Dexamethasone, but failure to suppress does not exclude the diagnosis. The CRF test is easy to perform and distinguished reliably between Mb. Cushing and other causes of the syndrome in eight out of ten patients in whom it was performed. Outpatient examination including the CRF test and CT-scanning of the pituitary and adrenal glands is advocated as a preliminary step in the classification of biochemically and clinically suspected cases of Cushing's syndrome.

17-Hydroxycorticosteroids↗
PubMed1989

Elevated plasma glutamate concentrations in HIV-1-infected patients may contribute to loss of macrophage and lymphocyte functions.

We tested the hypothesis that the loss of immunological reactivity in HIV-1-infected persons may result partly from a virus-induced metabolic disorder. Patients who are infected with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-associated human immunodeficiency virus 1 were found to have, on average, markedly elevated and highly variable plasma glutamate concentrations. A similar elevation of the extracellular glutamate concentration was found to inhibit DNA synthesis in cultures of mitogenically stimulated lymphocytes. An even stronger inhibition was seen with the structural analogue quisqualate, and a moderate inhibition was seen with N-methyl-D-aspartate and kainate, i.e. with well established pharmacological probes for the excitatory glutamate receptors in the vertebrate central nervous system. The inhibitory effect of glutamate was compensated by adding cysteine or relatively large numbers of 'splenic adherent cells' to the culture. Elevated extracellular glutamate levels were also found to reduce the capacity of murine macrophages, human blood monocytes, and murine fibroblastoid cells (L929 cells) to release acid-soluble thiol (cysteine) into the extracellular space. The three cell types differed, however, with respect to their sensitivity against the three structural analogues of glutamate. The elevated glutamate concentration was not non-specifically toxic for cultured macrophages, since glycolytic activity and arginase activity were not inhibited. Implications of these observations for the pathogenetic mechanism of AIDS are discussed.

Cysteine↗
PubMed1989

Monitoring human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected patients by ratio of antibodies to gp41 and p24.

Antibody responses of 85 patients to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 antigens were quantitated by densitometric analysis of Western blot (immunoblot) assays. All patients had been classified into the following three clinical categories: asymptomatic (ASY), acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related complex (ARC), or AIDS. Fifty of the patients were monitored for 6 to 29 months. The gp41/p24 antibody ratio was examined in three studies. In the first study, initial specimens from each patient were analyzed. The mean gp41/p24 antibody ratios were 1.5 (ASY), 3.2 (ARC), and 5.4 (AIDS). Of ASY patients, 79% had antibody ratios of less than 2.0. In contrast, 72% of patients with AIDS had ratios of greater than or equal to 2.0. In the second study, serially obtained specimens from ASY, ARC, and AIDS patients were analyzed. These patients were further grouped according to progression of their clinical condition. Of ASY patients whose clinical condition progressed to ARC, 80% consistently had ratios of greater than or equal to 2.0. Of ARC patients whose clinical condition progressed to AIDS, 71% consistently had ratios of greater than or equal to 2.0. Of AIDS patients who died during the study, 100% consistently had ratios of greater than or equal to 2.0. No patients were treated with azidothymidine during the first two studies. In the third study, AIDS patients were monitored before and during treatment with azidothymidine. During treatment, ratios stabilized or improved transiently in five of seven patients. In these three studies, a gp41/p24 antibody ratio of less than 2.0 correlated with a benign clinical state and a ratio of greater than or equal to 2.0 correlated with AIDS or progression to AIDS.

AIDS-Related Complex↗
PubMed1989

[Angular swivel bolt].

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Denture Precision Attachment↗