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Biomedical subjects

H Fried

Publications and source records attributed to H Fried.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

Nucleocytoplasmic transport: taking an inventory.

In eukaryotic cells, the enclosure of the genetic information in the nucleus allows the spatial and temporal separation of DNA replication and transcription from cytoplasmic protein synthesis. This compartmentalization not only permits a high level of regulation of these processes but at the same time necessitates a system of selective macromolecular transport between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. Transfer of macromolecules between both compartments is mediated by soluble receptors that interact with components of nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) to move their specific cargos. Transport occurs by way of a great variety of different pathways defined by individual receptors and accessory factors. Often, processes in substrate biogenesis that precede transport concurrently recruit transport factors to substrates, thus making transport responsive to correct and orderly synthesis of substrates. Some current challenges are to understand how transport factor-substrate interactions are controlled and integrated with sequential steps in substrate biogenesis, how large macromolecular complexes are restructured to fit through the NPC channel and to understand how transport factor-NPC interactions lead to actual translocation through the NPC.

Active Transport, Cell Nucleus↗
PubMed2000

Effects of posture on gastric emptying and satiety ratings after a nutritive liquid and solid meal.

To study the effects of posture and meal structure on gastric emptying and satiety, nine women ingested tomato soup and then immediately or 20 min later an egg sandwich, when seated and when supine. The lag time was not different, but the half-emptying time of the sandwich was 32% longer (P < 0.01) and the emptying rate after the lag phase was 39% slower (P < 0.01) when the subjects were supine than when they were seated. The half-emptying time of the soup was 50% longer (P < 0.01) when the subjects were supine and ingested the soup immediately before the sandwich than in the other three conditions. Postprandial hunger ratings recovered more slowly (P < 0.01) when the subjects ingested the soup 20 min before the sandwich than when they ingested the soup immediately before the sandwich. These results suggest that posture did not affect the intragastric distribution of the sandwich but affected propulsion of the meal into the intestine and that postprandial satiety was enhanced by the cumulative effect over time of a 20-min "head start" in stimulation of intestinal receptors by emptying of the soup.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Contribution of gastric and postgastric feedback to satiation and satiety in women.

Two parallel preload studies were conducted to determine the relative contributions of inhibitory feedback from the stomach and intestine to satiation (meal termination) and postprandial satiety. In the Gastric Emptying Study, five normal-weight women each ingested an egg sandwich (307 kcal) (1) immediately after a tomato soup preload (120 kcal), (2) 20 min after a tomato soup preload, and (3) with no preload. There was 125 g more of soup in the stomach when subjects began ingesting the sandwich immediately compared to 20 min after the soup, and the emptying of the sandwich was delayed when it was ingested immediately but not 20 min after the soup. The lag times for emptying of the sandwich were 76.5 (69.1-82.4), 47.2 (20.1-67.7), and 42.4 (17.8-65.1) min for the three conditions, respectively, p < 0.05. In the Food Intake Study, 16 normal-weight women ate significantly less (p < 0.01) in test meals offered immediately (978+/-246 kcal) and 20 min (1027+/-298 kcal) after the soup preload than in a test meal with no preload (1151+/-279 kcal). Despite the different amounts of soup in the stomach, subjects' test-meal intake in the two preload conditions was not significantly different. Subjects' fullness ratings following the preloads and the test meals were not different among the treatment conditions. The results suggest that feedback from neither the gastric nor the postgastric compartment is primary in determining meal size and postprandial satiety. Instead, signals from gastric and postgastric sources are combined to determine meal size and postprandial satiety.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[3-dimensional computerized tomography in diagnosis and surgical planning of intracranial aneurysms].

Established alternative methods of visualisation of intracranial vessels--MR-angiography and angio-CT--give only two dimensional views similar to angiography. It is a subjective matter of the neurosurgeon's imagination to produce three dimensional views on the basis of these methods. Three dimensional processing of dynamic sequence or helical axial computed tomograms give any number you like of stereo-scopic views of the Willisi circulus. Comparing the usefulness of DSA and 3D-CT in 34 aneurysms, the latter often gives supplementary information concerning the direction, neck and adjacent arteries, helpful in planning surgery treatment. It is difficult or sometimes impossible to separate basal aneurysms (a.c.i.) from sinus cavernosus and skull base by this method, but especially in aneurysms located in the area of a.com.a. and c.m.a. the 3D-CT is sufficient for diagnosis and planning surgical treatment without DSA.

Angiography, Digital Subtraction↗
PubMed1994

[Intracranial 3-dimensional computerized tomography in preoperative diagnosis of brain tumor].

Three dimensional processing of cranial dynamic sequence computertomograms enables in cases of tumour enhancement the simultaneous imaging of vessels, bone structures and tumour in their relations. In our opinion, especially in tumours of the frontotemporal basal region, the method may frequently substitute angiography and gives serious information in planning operative treatment.

Brain Mapping↗
PubMed1990

[Combined treatment with neurosurgery-radiotherapy of malignant brain tumors].

It is reported about the results in malignant gliomas, which were operated on and than followed by an irradiation therapy. This group is compared with patients, which have been irradiated exclusively. The improvement rate in the latter was 58%, in the first group 74%. The average survival time was 8.5 months in patients only irradiated, while it was 23 months in the group operated upon and followed by irradiation. Conclusions are drawn from these results.

Astrocytoma↗
PubMed1989

[Indications and results of surgery of spontaneous intracerebral hematoma].

A report is given on the indication for the operation, the surgical procedure, and the results of the operation in 36 spontaneous intracerebral haematomas. The method of choice for the treatment was the osteoplastic trepanation with a removal of the haematoma. In two thirds of the cases a complete or essential retrogression of the preoperative neurological symptoms was achieved. On this basis, some fundamental statements for the therapy of spontaneous intracerebral haematomas are made.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[The diagnosis of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage].

A report is given on the diagnosis of spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhages, which points art that because of possibly occurring surgical consequences every acute occurrence of cerebral symptoms should be cleared up as soon as possible. In this diagnosis the computer tomography is well to the fore, which enables not only the recognition of the haematoma itself and its extent, but in particular also positional relations to important cerebral structures. In a number of cases, however, a representation of the cerebral vessels is nevertheless necessary. As an exclusive diagnostic measure in case of an intracerebral haematoma the angiography does not reach the value of information of computer tomography.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1988

[Neuropsychiatric-psychological findings in patients with hypophyseal adenoma following trans-sphenoidal surgery].

Investigations carried out by Schuster, Bleuler, Fischer et al. pointed out the importance of the endocrine functions with respect to the psychopathological phenomena. On the basis of 98 catamnestically observed pituitary patients operated on transphenoidally observed pituitary patients operated on transphenoidally at our hospital in the years 1978 to 1987 we wanted to obtain the pre- and postoperative psychic findings by clinical-explorative and neuropsychological investigations and point out the importance of these disturbances.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1988

[Transverse syndrome in aneurysmal bone cyst].

Among the patients of the Hospital for Neurosurgery in Leipzig treated in the period from 1952 to 1986 66 per cent of 570 patients operated on because of spinal cord tumours showed a benign and 34 per cent a malignant nature of the tumours. The rate of primary bone tumours amounted to 6.5 per cent and that of secondary bone tumours was 5.8 per cent. The preoperative diagnostical and the differential-diagnostical as well as therapeutical problems were dealt with on the basis of the only case of an aneurysmal bone cyst.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[Tumor-induced medullary compression--experiences with 570 patients].

On the basis of patients treated at the Clinic for Neurosurgery in Leipzig in the period from 1952 to 1986 with a total of 570 suffering from spinal tumours, the nature of non-traumatic medullary compression is discussed, taking into consideration the relative frequency of the individual kinds of tumours as well as the distribution and the level of the location. The clinical aspects of medullary compression is elaborated, the differential-diagnostic of the demarkation possibilities between intra- and extramedullary tumour sites are discussed. In a retrospective consideration it must be stated that only 25 per cent of all patients with spinal tumours are operated on in an early stage (I and II) and only 60 per cent in the stage of incomplete transverse lesion of the with paraplegia (III). The remaining 15 per cent only get in the hands of the neurosurgeon in the stage of complete transverse lesion of the cord (IV). From this results the stringent conclusion to concentrate all efforts on the improvement of the early diagnosis.

Astrocytoma↗
PubMed1988

[Spinal gliomas including ependymomas].

Within a period of 35 years a total of 570 spinal tumours included 77 intramedullary gliomas (44 astrocytomas and 33 ependymomas including those located in the conuscada region). Initial symptoms, neurological findings at the time of the admittance to the clinic as well as results of the operation are presented. The importance of an early diagnosis is pointed out.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

[Chordoid chondroma--a rare finding in neurosurgery].

Among the multitude of space occupying processes in the base of the skull chordomas and chondromas or mixed forms of the two tumors types are rare findings. A report is given on such a tumor. This leading symptom was a loss of vision; a surgical treatment was carried out.

Adult↗